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ORATIONS 



iESCHINES AND DEMOSTHENES 



THE CROWN. 






ORATIONS 



JESCHINES AND DEMOSTHENES 



THE CROWN. 



MODERN GREEK PROLEGOMENA, AND ENGLISH NOTES. 



BY 



ALEXANDER NEGRIS. 



BOSTON: 

HILLIARD, GRAY, LITTLE, AND WILKINS, 

1829. 



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DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, TO WIT: 

District Clerk's Office. 

Be it remembered, that on the twenty-fourth day of March, A. D. 1829, 
in the fifty-third year of the Independence of the United States of America, 
Hilliard, Gray, Little, & Wilkins, of the said district, have deposited in this 
office the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as proprietors in the 
words following, to wit '• — 

11 Aicr%ivov o naru 'Kr'/i<ri(pwvTo$ Aoyos. Av/xoffDivous vttI^ KT^/^a/vroj, »}, 
srsg} "2rKpdvou A'oyo?. 2t;v Tga.i%i%o7$ YlgoXiyofAivoi}, xa) ' AyyXncous "SyifAZico* 
ciitiv, uwo ' A\t%avl)t>ou N&^£*j." 

In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled 
" An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, 
charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the 
times therein mentioned; " and also to an act. entitled, " An act supplementary 
to an act, entitled, ' An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the 
copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprierors of such copies, 
during the times therein mentioned ; ' and extending the benefits thereof to the 
arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints." 

JNO. W. DAVIS, 
Clerk of the District of Massachusetts. 



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va ngoqfiEivy, xal fiadl&i ocp&alfioyavwq Eiq xov acpaviopov xov. 
c O ^Als^avdgog svS"Vq\ avyxalioaq xovq xojv diacpogwv xd&cov ijyEfio- 
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no\EjH]GWOLV eI%ov jis nolEfiioxdg Maxsdovaq, iv hvl loyoj avdga- 
noda ivavxlov ilEvdigcav, xal o Jagiloq ivavxlov xov ^Ah^dvdgov. 
Avxa xal alia nagopoia -d-dggoq ivinvEVoav dnEglyganxov' xal 
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nPOAErOMENA. id 

dixaioXoyv\GWGiv ano6dvxa. Q H Kvngog, i] &oivlx?], nagadldovxai, 
y Tvgog nlnxei [ie& enxafirjvij xal enlnovov noXiogxlav elg xag 
%elgdg xov, xal r\ Al'yvnxog xa&vno6dXXexai. 

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i6' nPOAETd MENA. 

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nPOAErO'MENA. ly 

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t<5' nPOAETO MEN A, 

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teal v.aTa tt\v y.oivJ]V yvwfirjv i'SsGnaos TongojTov r) s'x&ga twv, OTav 
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nPOAErOMENA. ib 

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i? npoAEro' MENA. 

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A I 2 XI N o r 
'O KATA 

KTHZI&STNT02 

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1 



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xa) 7rz^irrov xa) ItfiXoyw pdXXov ioixos- 

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olov ro voy.tfjt.ov rz/u,vopzvov zls rgzls vcpovs, ro Tz Vtxatov us rzcffa^as xaigovs. 
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fzzrpta xa) rd ffwhQn ft'/i y'tyvzcrOat iv rn toXzi. E/ ya(> h atrta rris wpord- 
o-zus Iffrtv n xaratnczvhi ^id Tz ro rd pir^ta fx.h y'tvzaSat iv ryj rtoXzi at ^z^Tits f 
xaraffxzvn dv z't'w, "E%zt oz xa) ffvy7tz^airy.a, " 'ILyu oz •xz'XtQ'rivxus nxu " tag 
rod tl fiU^ov ruv vofjcuv xa) ruv ttxa'tuv" 



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tov t& (xhgia xal id dvvrfdrj' ptf yiyvz&dai iv jjj 
TtoXec ' eyco di TtSTiiorevxcog jjxco ngSiov {.isv tois 
xfrsoLS, dsmsgov di iocs vouois %ai viaiv, qyovfievos 



KATA KTH21&JINT02. 



ovdsfiiav naga^xsvTqv ia^vsiv itag vfitv fisiZov tcov 
vo^icov xal tcov 8ixaicov. = ' E6ovX6{iriv [iiv ow, co 
dv8geg '^d^vaiac, xal jtfv ftovXrjv, tovs TtevTaxoat- 
ovg, xal rccg ixxkqaias imo tcov icpsGTfjxoTcov og&cog 

5 dwixsiGiOai, xal Tovg vopovg, ovg ivogiodiiijasv 6 
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itjrj TtgcoTov fisv too 7rgsa6vidr(p tcov tcoXltcov, cogneg 
ol vopot xsXsvoveti, dcocpgovcog in I to firj[.ia nagsk- 
&6vtl, dvsv &ogv6ov xal raga%rjs, !| i^nsiglag id 

10 fiskjiGiTa zjj noXst <jV{i6ovXsvslv, 8svT£gov 8' y\fo} 
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vsodai (pvxm ydg dv fioi doxet ?} tb noXcg agtcfia 
diOLXstadai, at tb xgitisig iXd%ictza ylyvsadai) • 

15 ijisidr] 8i ndvxa rd ngoisgov copoXopifxiva xaXcog 
b%blv vvvl xazaXiXyjai, xal ygdfovdL Ttvsg gadioos 
nagavo^iovg yvcopag, xal ravd* srsgoi tlvss xd 
iprffiduaja iniipijcpi^ovOLv ovx ix tov dtxaioidiov 
jgoTtov Xa%6vzBg rtgosdgsvsiv, dXX' ix nagaaxBvrjg 

20 xadsZopsvoL, idv 8b Tig tcov dXXcov ftovXsvTcov ovTcog 
Xd^ifl xXrigov[ievog TtgosSgsvscv, xal rag v^eiegag 
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av ovxbtl xoivrfv, dXX cdiav amcov jjyov^iBvot slvai 
dnsiXovdiv zigayysXsiv, xal xaiadovXovfisvoi, rovg 

25 tdicoiag xal dvvadrsiag iavroig nsginoiovvTsg, zdg 
xgiasig rocg piv ix tcov vo^icov xajaXsXvxacii, rdg 
8* ix tcov vj-qcpcaiidTcov (abt ogyijg xgivovot, cfBoiy^Tai 
to xaXXtdTov xal ococpgovsctTaTov xrjgvypa tcov iv 
tz} noXsi* " Tig dyogsvsiv fisXsTai tcov vnig nsvTij- 

SOxovTa BT7i ysyovoTcov, xal itdXtv iv fxsgsi tcov akXcov 
\A6rfvaccov • " Ttjg 8s tcov gqTogcov dxoa^tag ovxhi 



Al 2X1 NOT 



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Tqvtcov 8* eyovxcov ovTcog, xal tcov xaigcov ovtcov 
rij noXei tolovtcov, onoiovg avTovg v^ietg vjioXa^d- 5 
vsts eivat, ev vTtoXeineTai pegog rrjs noXiTeiag (ec 
tl xdyco Tvyydvco yiyvcoctxcov) al tcov nagavofxcov 
ygacpal • el 8e xal zaviag xaTaXvaeie, ij Toig xara- 
Xvovctiv iytiTgivjEie, ngoXeyco v{iiv, oh fajtiexs xazd 
[iixgov jijg noXiTeiag rial nagaycogijoavTeg. EvlO 
ydg ttftf, cb dv8geg *Jld7jvaioi, bit rgstg elat noXt- 
TSiou itagd udcsiv dvOgcortoig, rvgavvis xal oXtyag- 
%ia xal drf^oxgaTLa, Sioixovvtcu 8* al fiev ivgavvt- 
dsg xal bXiyagyiai roig Tgoitoig tcov ecpetiTrixoTcov, 
al 8e TtoXstg al 8ij{ioxgaTOV{xevai Toig vopoig xotg 15 
xBLfABvoig. Mrfdeis ovv v^icov tovt dyvoeiTco, dXXd 
dacpcog exadiog iitiardaQo, cm, orav elgirj elg 8ixa- 
OTijgiov ygacpyv 7tagav6ficov Sixdocov, ev ravir? ijj 
ijliega peXXei tjjv iprjcpov cpegeiv negl ti^s iaviov 
7taggi}<jiag ' 8t07ieg xal 6 vo k aodsT^g tovto ngcoTOV 20 
era^ev ev too tcov SixactTcov ogxcp, " tPycpiovfiai octree 
Tovg v6[iQvg" exetvo ye ev eldcog, otl, oxav diaTJjgy- 
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d %giq 8ia[jLv?i[xovevovTag v[j,as, ^uaetv t&s zd Ttagd- 
voaa ygdcpovTag, xal {.irjdev ^yetadai [Aixgov eivat25 
tcov TOiovzeov dStxiftjidTcov, dXX* exasov vitegpeyedeg, 
xal tsO* v^cov to dixatov pydeva eclv avdgcoitcov e%ai- 
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noXvv ifdij %govov ovvegyovvTeg tlcji tcov gjjTogcov 
Xv^iaivovTai Tr\v TtoXnetav^ ^iijie Tag tcov £evcov 30 
Setftfeig, ovg dva6t6aZ6(A,evoi xtveg ixcpevyovatv ix 



KATA KTH2I&S1NT02. 5 

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VfUV, Xal Z1JV TtoXtZEiaV SiaitlCiZEVCaVZES, Oi [AEV 

TtdgEitii xal inaxovovai zijsos zijs xgiOEcos, ol Si 

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zcov ogxcov ovs cofioaazs {ae[av?^ievol, xal zcov v6[xcov, 
lav iXiy^co Kz^atcpcovza xal nagdvo^ia ygdvjav- 
za xal yjEvSff xal davfifoga t?J tloXei, Xveze, co * ' Av- 
SgES ^AdijvaioL, zds nagavo^ss yvGopas, pESacovzE 

15 t# tiqXei ztfv dr/iioxgaziav, xoXdt,EZE zss vitEvavzicos 
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oW ozi Sixaia, xal svogxa, xal civ[A(p£govza vfxtv 

20 avzois ip7]cpiEL(jOE xal ndcitf zrj tzoXel. 

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iXm^co TigoEigijaOat • 7t£gl Si avzcov zcov vopcov, oi 
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zovzo zvy%dv£i yEygacpcos Kzi^icpSv, Sid ($ga%£cov 

25 ELTtEiv fiovXouai. ' 'Ev ydg zois E^TtgoodEv %govois 
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30 Oev rtgoxaz£Xd[i6avov zds Evdvvas iitaivois xal xk\- 
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6 AfSXl'NOT 

ti\v yLsyidTiiv [xiv ditogiav dftxvsictOat rovs xaTiiyo- 
Qsg, noXv Si etl pdXXov tss Stxas'ds. UoXXol ydg 
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gjLodsTTjs, Tidiidi vofxov xal fidXa xaXoos s%ovtcc, xw15 
StaggijSjiv dnayogsvovxa tss vtzsvOvvovs [it] dTScpa- 
vovv. Kal ra^0 D Stcos sv TtgoxaTsiXiicpoTOS tov vo- 
[ioOstov, svgiivTat xgeiTTOvss Xoyot tSv vdfioov, ovs 
si [iij tis v[jllv igst, XljclETS i^ajtaTiidsvTSS. - Tovtcov 
ydg tivss tSv tovs vtcsvOvvovs ot e (p av o vvt cov nag d 20 

TOVS VOflOVS, 01 fliv (pVCtSl {JLETgiol sitiLV (£6 Slj TIS 

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vttsvOvvov, iizsiSdv Xdyov xal svdvvas ttjs dg%yjs Soo. 25 
Kal 11 piv noXis to i'&ov dSixii[ia dSixstTat (jcgo- 
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Si if ots 7tfidgT7]XE, ■ Kiiioiqicdv Si, & dvSgss ^dii-SO 
valoi, vizsgTiiiSijtias tov vopov tov nsgl tcov vnsv- 



KATA r KTH2I<t>JtNT0Z. 7 

dvvcov ocsifievov, xal ziijv ngocpaaiv, ijv iyco dgzicos 
7tgoei7tov vuiv, dveXtov, nglv Xoyov, nglv £vdvvas 
Sovvat, yiygacp£ [A£zat-v Jr^ioadivriv dgyovza <jts- 
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5 Ak^ovdi 8i, co dv8g£s ^yldrjvaioi, xal hegov ztva 
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v£lv, dXX dg%£iv Soxiiiaadivz as iv zcp Scxacizrjgicp 
(in£i8r} xal at xXqgcozal dg%al ovx dSoxi^taazoi, 
dXXd 8 ox i [iao duo at dg%ovdi) , xal Xoyov xal £vdv- 

30 vag iyygd(p£iv ngos zov yga^azia xal zovs koyi- 
tfras, xaddn£g xal zds dXXas dg%ds, x£X£vu. c, Ozi 



8 Af2Xl'N0T 

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6ST0U. 

IV O'M L 

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xal iitipEluas, v^sxsgov sgyov iazlv dTto^ivr^io- 
vsvsiv xal dvxixdxxsiv xov vo^lov 7tgos xi\v xovxcov 
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vofiovs dvaigijasiv, dXX ocico dv xis d^isivov Xsyy 10 
rcagdvo^ia ysygacpms, xodovicp {asi'Covqs ogyfjs xsv- 
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ixsgav [iiv cpavqv afty 6 vopos, ixsgav Si 6 g-qxcog, 
xS xov v6{iov Sixaim %gq Sidovat xijv vjrjcpov, ov xfj 15 
xov Xsyovxos dvaw/yvxia. 

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xos xal Sixaia xal dv^Kpsgovia. ' * Rv ydg xavxy xfj 
TtoXst ovios dg%ata ovarf, xal xijXixavxt} xo psysOos, 
ovSsis stixiv d,vv7isv6uvos xwv xal otcosovv ngos toc25 
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ysga povov XapSdvovxas xal xds sv%ds vnig vfiav 30 
ngos xovs &sov$ sv%oftsvovSj xal ov fxovov tdia, dXXd 



KATA* KTI12I<PfLNT02. 9 

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Tgiijgag%oi, dXXd xal id [niyiaxa tcov iv rjj noXsc 

10 avvs8glcov vnoTrjy tcov SixaOTijgieov sg%sjai iprjcpov. 
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15 Ovx ago, axscpavcoOyjaeTaL ij fiovXr} 7\ If *Agzlov 
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20 Tlijv psXfjv, T8S 7t£VTCiXO(jCOVSi VTtSvQvVOV 7t£7tOL7^X£V 

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8co(jl Tjj noXu. Ntu, dXX! ss'l tls dvdgconos^ as sts 
2 



10 AfSXl'NOT 

stXricpzv ovdiv Tav drjiiodiav ovt dvrjXaxe^itgosrjXde 

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TioXei. f 'On di dXrjOrj Xiya, aviSv dxovoars Tav 

VOfACQV. 10 

N O'M 1. 

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na Tav dg%cov Toyiav Xoyov v[ilv ovd* evQvvas 30 
dedaxas, tcuV ?jdrj TzeLgddopat v^tds didddxsiv ix 



RATA KTH2I0SHJNTO2. 11 

zav Stj^ocIlcov yga^dzcov, Kal fioi dvdyvcodi, 
inl ztvog ag%ovzog xal itotov [irjvog xal iv zivi 
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5 dovvza zrpr dg%i]v, eygavjsv avzov dzecpavovv * dva- 
yivodxs. 

AIAAOFISMOz TJtN 'iIMEPJtN. 

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xaicog dv dXictxotzo Kzrjtficpcov * algstydg avzov ov% 

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xal vscogccov dg%r)v, xal dxsvoOrfxyv coxoS6(xovv, yjaav 
Si xal oSonoiol xal d%s8dv zr\v ohjv Sioixriaiv etyov 

20zrjg nokecog. Kal ov xazijyogcov avzcov ovd" ini- 
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fiaza Stsyetgi^e xal iniSoXds iniSakXs, xaOdnsg 

30 xal oi dlXoi dg%ovzss, xal Sixadzi^gicov r/ysfioviag 
iXd[A,6av£, zszcov v{iZv avzov Ar^[io(jdsv^v xal Kzrj- 



12 AfSXl'NOT 

oicptovxa [xdgxvgas itage^o^iat. *Eitl ydg Xai- 
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odevTjs dyogdv noiijaat xSv (pvX&v JExigocpogtcovos 
8evxiga loxapevov xal xgtxj}, xal inixagsv iv rep 5 
ipTjcptGfAaxi, ixdtfxrjs xcov cpvXcov iXiodai xovs ini- 
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xal [idla ogdcos, iv y no fas s%y vrcsvOvva 6cd[iaxa, 
itag av speXfa xSv tivqXafiivav Xoyov drtoX-qvjeoQai. 
Kai pot Xeye xd yjTjcpiGfxaxa. 10 

WH$l'2MATA. 

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Xsyav as ovx eXa%s xsi%07toids ovx i^sigoxov^Ori 
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xSv Ttegl xds dg%ds stSrj xgia, &v IV piv xal ndciL 
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ag%ovx£s, devxegov 8i octoi xi 8ta%£igi£ovoi xSv xrjs 
nofacos vitig xgidxovO' rftizgas xal ol xSv d^fxocitcov 
sgycov iruoxaxai, xgixov <f iv xa v6[xco ysyganxai, 
" Kal si xivss dXXoi algsxol tfysfiovias Scxadxiygiav 
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8ia%sigc£siv, xovxovs algsxovs ag%ovxas slvai • 30 
xovxo 8s yiyvsxai, oxav, mnsg vvv, Inixayfixi xi 



KATA* KTHZI<I>JtNT02\ 13 

Tats (pvXais, 7} rdygovs i^egyd^sddai, ij Tgirjgsis 
vavitTiyuoQai. c, Otl 8* dXridrj Xiyco, l| avrSv tcov 

NO' MO I. 

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6 fisv vofiodhrfs tovs ix tcov (pvXcov dg%eiv xslsvet 
doxifiaadivias iv t£ dixadTqgicp, rj 8i Uavdwvls 
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os ix rijs dLOixtfctsas sis tolvto, e%€c fitxgov 8siv 

10 8ixa Takavxa, BTsgos 8' duayogevsi v6[aos dg%rjv 
vtievQwov [nq OTecpavovv, v[aels 8' oficofioxaie zard 
tovs vofiovs yj7]q)i£i(jdaL^ 6 8s gjjicog yiygacpe 
dxs(pavovv tov vtievOvvov, {iiq ngosOels " ijtstSdv 
Xoyov xal svdvvas Ttjs dg%ijs 8£" iyco 8' i^jftsyt-a 

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vjijcpLOfxaTa xal tovs dvTt8txovs Ttagsyo^ievos. Ucos 
oi)v dv tls nsgtcpoLvsaTEgov ijtt8u^sisv dvdgcojtov 
TiagavofiaTaTa ysyga(poTa ; 

c J2s Toivvv xal ti\v dvdggy\6iv tov tiTsydvov 

20 jtagavoacos iv tS vjijcpia^iaTt xeXevel yiyveodac, xal 
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ixxXyioia, aXXodi 8i ^,r}8a^.ov. Kai ftoi keys tov 

25 vofiov. 

NO 'MO 2. 

Ovtos 6 vopoSi co dv8gss * Ady\vaioi, xal fidla 

xakcos ix EL ' ®v y&Q (°fy at ) &to SsZv o vo[xodi- 

ttis tov grpoga asfivvvsaOat ngos tovs s^aOsv, 

30 aXX dyaitav iv amy tjj noXst Ttpcopevov mo tb 

8tJ^s xal [xtf igyoXafislv iv tols XTigvytiaGiv. c O 



14 AfSXl'NOT 

{iiv vofiodhrfs ovtcos • 6 #£ Ki7i<jtcp6v rtcos ; dvayi- 
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WIl'ftlZMA. 

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Tgaymdeov dyovitofiivov xaiv&v, ovd* ivavTiov tov 10 
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ngosgto vjjLiv, iva mj XddijTE i^anaTTidivTEs. Ovtol 15 
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tov djjfiov ciTEcpavov^isvov flfj XljgVJTUV £%CO TTjS 
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ts vofis [ligst Tivl xXItztovtsg Tijv dxgoaoiv vp£v, 20 
xal nagi^ovTat vofiov ovdiv TtgogijxovTa Trj ygacpy 
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N O'M O L 

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16 AfSXl'NOT 

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XBLVOL fxiv [A8Td VJ7](pLCi[jLGLTOS, TtSLdaVTSS V^ds, OVTOl 



RATA" KTH2I®S£NT02. 17 

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N O'M 1. 

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icp » pdXisa tfTtsftd'Cto ' tovto d* itirtv q izgocpaoig, 30 
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KATA' KTHZI®J£nTOZ. 19 

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20 AfSXl'NOT 

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KATA* KTHZIftltNTOZ. 21 

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5 Titixd (puiiii tco Syj{Aco 7t87toXiTev(j0cu ' xav [itf ftsXco 
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20 8oxco dno8si%siv tols 8ixadTais, ttjs [isv dcoTygtas 
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30 tov S7tl tyjv sig7jv7^v, f^v dv xal <pLhoxgdT7}S 
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22 aTsxi'not 

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KATA y KTH2I<I>S[NT02. 23 

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20£Lvat (pcloi, £7t£i8}j Si Ta%i6Ta £ts Tapvvas 7ta- 
gr^Xdo^v xal to Kojvkaiov dvo[ia£6p£vov ogos 
v7t£g£6dXof,i£v, ivTavda KaXkias 6 Xakxt8£vs (ov 
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dTgaT07t£8ov to ttJs 7toX£m si'g Tivas 8vs%cagtas xa~ 

25TaX£X?.£L6[A£VOV, od£v [irj vtxijdaoi pd%i} v ovx r\v 
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7t£pvjd(A£vos, o t d8£Xcpos avTOv Tavgoddivqs, 6 

30 vvvl ndvTas S^tov^vos xal 7tgosy£Xc3v, tovs @a- 
xixovs %£vovs 8ia6t6ddas, rjXdov itp* v^xas us aval- 



32 A?2XI'N0T 

g-qtiovxss. Kal si firf ngaxov [iiv &scov xis sctcoae 

XO tfXgaXOTtsSoV, S7lSid° ol CtXgaXl&Xai OL VfjLSXSgOL 

xal Tte'Col xal Imtsls dvSgss dyaOol sysvovxo, xal 
7tagd xov LTtTtoSgo^ov xov iv TapvvaLs sx Ttagaxd- 
%scos \i(i%Ti xgaxrfctavTSS dfisaav vnoanovSovs xovs 5 
TtoXsfiiovs, ixivSvvsvtisv dv rtftcov ij tcoXls atd^Ldxa 
TtadsLv • ov ydg xo Svsxv^jjaaL xaxd noXsiiov {isyL- 
dxov ioxL xaxov, dXX oxav xls ngos dvx ay (awards 
dva^ias iavxov dcaxtvdvvsvcov ditoxv%q, SLTtXatiiav 
slxos elvai xt\v avficpogdv. ' AXX Spas v^isls xol- 10 
avxa, nsTtovdoxss, itdliv StsXvoaaOs Ttgos avxovs. 

Tv%cov 8i 7i ag vp&v dvyyvap^s KaXXias 6 XaX- 
xlSsvs pxgov diahjtcov %govov uakiv r(xs cpsgo^s- 
vos sis xijv iavxov (pvoiv, Ev6oixov [iiv xo Xoym 
(jwedgcov sis XaXxiSa tfvvdyav, la%vgdv Si xrjv 15 
Ev6oiav if v^ids sgyco nagatixsva'Ccov, i^aigsxov 
S* avxco xvgavviSa 7tsgi7toLov[ASvos ' xal xavxr\s 
sXtcl^cov tfvvaycdVLS'tfv 0ckc7t7tov XyipstiOai,, aTtijXOsv 
sis MaxsSovlav xal Ttsgtjjst [isxd <&ikimzov, xal 
xSv ixaigcov sis dvofid^sxo. ^ASixfjdas Si <PlXl7Z-20 
7iov, xdxsWsv aTtoSgds v7ts6aXsv iavxov cpsgcov 
QrfiaioLS' iyxaxaXnttov Si xdxsivovs, xai nXsiovs 
xga7z6[isvos xgonds xov Evginov, nag ov &xsi, sis 
fxsaov TtLTtxst xrjs xs 07]6aic)v s%6gas xal xrjs <PiXi7t- 
Ttov. ^Anogasv S^ xi xg/jctatxo avxeo, xal 7tagay-25 
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XotTtrjv xaxsiSs Gaxyigias, svogxov Xa6siv xov x&v 
^Adrivaicov StJ[aov, av^a^ov ovofxaadivxa, fiorjdrf- 
dsiv dv xls ire avxov qp, o ngoSrjXov ffv iaofxsvov, si 
p?} vpsls xoXvdatxs. Tavxa Si Siavoridsls dnos'sX-so 
Xsl Ssvgo 7tgs€t6sis FXavxixqv xal 'EpTtsSava xal 



RATA' KTH2I<HltNT0Z. 33 

/fi68cogov tov 8oXi%o8goi.itf(javTa, cpigovras tco psv 
8-q{icp ilrtLdas xsvds, Jij^oddsvEt 8* dgyvgiov xal 
tols itsgl avxov. Tgta 8* ijv a d^ia s^covslzo * Ttgco- 
tov [xiv [iij 8ia<j(paXfjvai Tijg ngos v[xds <jvn{ia%ia?, 
5 ov8sv ydg fjv to piciov, si [avijoiQsls tcov ngoTsgcov 
d8iX7Hidjcov 6 8jj[iog firj 7Zgos8s£(UTO tt\v dv^iiayiav^ 
dXX it7rfJQ%£v avTB ij cpevyuv sx XaXxi8os, ?} 
TsOvavat iyxaTahjcpdevTi, Tijlixavxat 8vvd^£ts 
stz avzov BTtsaxgdzevov^ ?j t£ (Jpik'ntnov xal i\ 0i\- 

10 6atcov • 8svzsgov 8* ipcov ol (.uctOol tco ygdvjavTi 
ttJp (jvfifia%lav, vTteg tov [itf dvvsSgsvsiv '^iQjjvrjtft 
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Kal tovtcov tcov 7tgoatgi(j£Gv ov8£[Mas a7Z£Tv%£ 
KaXXcas, dXX 6 ^ttaoTvgavvos JmioaQivijs, cos avTos 

15 7lgOS7tOl£LTCU (6V cpi^ai Kiijaicpcov zd ftikTis'cx, X£y£iv), 
d7zi8oTO (.liv tovs xougovs tov? ttJs ttoXecos, sygayjs 
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fiovov avTixaTaXXa^dpsvos, dvTt tovtcov svcpij^xiag 
svsxa ngosygdvj as, xal XalxtSsas fioydstv idv tis 

20 iji in * AQy\vaiiss • tocs 8i avvs8gias xal zds ovvtU- 
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8oto, xallisoig dvoftatiiv aldyigas ngd^sis ygdcpcov, 
xal tco Xoyco ngosStGd'Ccov vpds, toc? [xiv fiorjdsias 
m 8sl Tijv itoXtv 7tgoT£gas nouiaOai tols dsl 8s- 

25 ofiivois tcov ^Xhjvcov, tccs 8s civ [i pastas vtiTsgas 
[iSTa ras svsgysoias. c 'Iva 8* sv slStJts otl d?^6ij 
Xsyco, Xd6s poi tijv KaXXts ygacpjjv xal Tiqv dv^a- 
%iav, xal dvdyvcodt to vjtfcpidpa. 
wh'&iuma. 

30 Ovjtco Toivvv tovto £ciTi 8£ivov, £t ol xaigol U£- 
ngavTai TTjfaxovToi xal avvs8giai xal tfwraj-as, 
5 



34 Afzxi'Nor 

dXXd noXv tsts SstvoTsgov v^ilv (pavrfdSTat o fxiXXco 
Xsysiv. Els ydg tovto 7tgo7J%0q KakXias [xiv 6 
XaXxiSsvs vSgscos xal nXsovs%ias, Jt\^odQkv7is Si 
(6V inaivsl E.Ty\6icpuv) ScogoSoxias, costs jds If 
3 J2gsov dwrd^sis xal rds If ^Egsrgias, %d Ssxa5 
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vpcov vcpsXopsvoi, xai tovs ex tcov noXscov tovtcov 
awed govs nag v^ioov piv aviary Gav, ndXiv Si sis 
XaXxtSa xal to xaXovpsvov Ev6o'ixov dvvsSgcov 
dvvijyayov ov Si Tgonov xal Si oicov xaxovgyy-10 
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KaXXias, xal TtagsXOcov sis tt\v sxxXydtav Xoyovs 
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jag, cos rjxoL ix UsXo7tovvtfaov vscodrl dvvTay[ia\5 
dvvTa^as els ixarov TaXdvxcov ngosoSov snl <fii- 
Xntnov, xal StsXoyi^STO odov ixddTOvs sSsi dvvTS- 
Xstv, *A%aiovs [xiv ixavTas xal Msyagsas s^qxovTa 
xdXavTa, rds S* sv Ev6oia noXsis ditddas TSTragd- 
xovTa, ix Si tovxcov tcov ^gi^idrcov vndg^siv xal 20 
vavTixjjv xal Tts&xijv Svvapiv • sivat Si noXXovs 
dXXovs tcqv c EXXi\vcov, ovs fioyXsddai xoivcovstv Trjs 
dvvTa^scos, cost ovts ^gij^dicov ovts zgaTiooTcov sds- 
ddai ditogiav. Kal raiJra fiiv rd (pavsgd* scpy 
Si xal ngd^sis ngvjiTSiv higas Si dnogg-qTcov^ xal 25 
tstoov slvai Ttvas [idgrvgas t£v i^iSTsgcov tzoXitcov, 
xal tsXsvtcov ovopadTl itagsxdXsi Ai^odOsvqv xal 
dvvsinslv 7\£,ii$. O Si ds^ivcos ndvv TtagsXOcov, tov 
ts KaXXiav vTtsgswQVSi^ xal to drcoggriTov ngoss- 
TtonqdaTo slSsvac ttJv S' sis HsXonovvridov 7tgsd6si-3Q 
av, iqv sTtgidSsvds, xal Tiqv If * Axagvavias scprj 



KATA* KTH2I&SZNT02. 35 

fislstfOai v[itv ditayysllai. r Hv 8° amco xscpdlai- 
ov tcov loycov, ndvTas [.isv neXoTtovvqaiiss vndg%siv, 
ndvxas 8* * Axagvdvas avvTSTayfxsvovs snl 0c- 
limtov vtp iavis, slvai 8s to cvvTay^a %g7][xdTcov 
5 fxsv sis ixocTov vscov t ayyvavT ovocov nhjgcoixaTa 
xal sis 7ts£ovs s'gaTimas pvgiovs xal irntsis %l1l8S<, 
vndg^sw 8s ngos tovtols rds noluzixds 8vvd[isis* 
sx HsloTtovvtfcts [isv itlsiovas rf 8is%ilt8s oTtlhas, 
s£ * Axagvavias 8s hsgovs xoaovrovs • 8s86(j0cu 8s 

lOazro ndvTcov tovicov ttjv rfyspovtav vfxtv • nga- 
%0?j<js<j6at 8s Tavxtx ovx sis fiaxgdv, dlX sis ii\v 
sxiy\v sill 8sxa ts *Av0s<ji7}gicovos prjvos * slgijodai 
ydg sv rats nolsdiv vn aviov xal nagyjyysldai 
ndvias ijxsiv aw s8 gsv a ovt as ^AQrjva'Cs sis n}v nav- 

15 dsliivov. Kal ydg n ovtos 6 dvdgcojcos i'diov xal 
ov xoivov itoisi' ol fxsv ydg allot dla&vss, oiav 
it yjsvScoviai, dogidia xal ddacpfj nsigcoviai liyscv, 
(po6ov(xsvoL tov slsy/ov • Aii^oddsv^s 8* oiav dla- 
Zovsviiiai, ngcoiov psv psO* ogxs yjsv8siai, s^tolsiav 

20 snagco^isv os savico, 8svisgov 8s, d sv oi8sv s8stcots 
saopsva, Tolpd Isysiv dgiOjicov sis bnoi sdiai, xal 
cov rd dcofiaia ov% icogaxs, tovicov rd ovo^aia 
Isyst, xlsmcov tijv dxgoadtv xal ^a^iovasvos tovs 
id?.7i6ij Isyovias • 8to xal [.idlidi a^ios Ida [mgsc- 

25 oOai, oil novrigos cov xal id tcov %gijdTcov dr^isla 
8iatp6sigsL 

Tavia 8* slncov 8i8codtv dvayvcovai vjijcpid[ia tco 
ygaufxaisi, paxgoisgov fisv irjs °Ilid8os, xsvcoisgov 
8s tcov loycov ovs sccoOs Isysiv, xal tov [3lov ov 

30fis6tcoxs, fxsdTOv 8' iljttScov ovx idopsveuv, xal s'ga- 
T07ts8cov ov8sjtOTS GvllsyT\tiOyLSvtov. ° Anayaytov 



36 AfSXl'NOT 

8° v[jias aitodsv and zov xkififiazos xal dvaxg£^d- 
aas and zav iXntScov, ivzavda 8?} dydrgixpas, ygd- 
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8ifa(o zSv °A6^vai(ov. 

Wll'ftlZMA. 

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xal zr(v navdiXr^vov xal zovs dvvidgovg Xoyep rfXQv- 
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iv tg> ngdg 0iXi7Z7tov noXi^m xal navzeXm dnogcog 



RATA' KTHZI&JtNTOZ. 37 

dtaxsiijisvoi, itiptovdi ngos avTOV T , vco0l8ti^ov tov 
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KaXXis £t?7zgdTTBLv. ^ Avayxa'Co^vot 81 oi 'Jlgst- 
toli xal ovx EVTiogsviss, vjiedsdav amm ts jaXdvjs 
zds 8ijaoalas ngosoSovg, xal toxov rfvsyxav Ar^io- 
10 adsvst tov SagoSoxifoaios 8ga%[ji7}v tov [ajjvos tj\9 
fxvds, eas to xscpdXaiov dni8o0av • xal TavT iizgd- 
%dij {i£Ta ipri<pL(jfiaTos tov 8jj(iov otl 8i Tafafdrj 
kiyco, Xd6e ^lol to ipijcpw^ia tcov ' JlgsiTcov. 

WH'ftlZMA. 

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KTii0icpG)VTos ' top ydg ovtos ai0%gcos 8ogo8oxsvTa 
ovx eaiiv dvBga yeyovivac dyaQdv, o T6%6Xpix6v 

20 ovtos ygdipai iv to vj-qq) io paTt. 

*EvTavQ^ 1J811 TETaxxai xal 6 TgiTos tSv xaigcov 7 
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25 d8ixov 8i xal ov8a^ios l0ijv ti]v ngos 0ii6atss 0v[i- 
[ta%tav ygdyjas. ' ' Ag^o^iai 8i duo tSv 6ts tovs 
&60vs avxov ithjii{X6h]iLdTCdv XiyBiv, 

"E0tl ydg, a dvdges ^Adijvaioi, to Kig^aiov 
a)vo^ia0^iivov tc68lov, xal Xi^ajv 6 vvv i§dyi0Tos 

30 xal ijidgaTos ovoaa0fiivos' TavTijv tiot6 xrjy %6- 
gav xaT6%K\0av Kiggaioi xal ^ AxgayalXi8ai^ yivif 



38 A?2XI'N0T 

7taQavo[AG)TaTa, ol us to legov to iv Jeltpols xal 
m dvad-q^iaTa rjae6ovv, e^r^idgTavov 3i xal els 
tovs 'ApcpixTvovas ' dyavaxTi\da.vTes 8" enl tols 
y tyro pivots [idltciTa [iev (cos leyovTai) ol ngoyovot 
ol vfihsgoi, eneixa xal ol allot 'AixcpixTvoves, [iav- 5 
xsiav ipavTSvGavTO nagd tS #£«, xivi %gi( Tipa- 
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dapevovs dvaQelvai tS Anollcovt zS UvOia xal 
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ndctji degyla, xal Taviijv tt\v yjogav ^irjfi avrovs 
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dvvazs, xal negl noiijdiv xal (pLlodo(piav diajSTgi,- 
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ix tcov 'A^uptxTvovcov, efyvdganodidavTO tovs dv-20 
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fiyx dllep entTgeyjeiv, dlld fioiydifeeiv t£ &e£ xal 25 
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ev Trjdgd* " El tis Tade ((p^dl) nagaSaivoi, ij no- 30 
Ats, ?} IdiaTTjs, ^ edvos, ivayrfs (cp-qdiv) etiTa tov 



KATA* KTHZI&J£nTOZ. 39 

'AitoXXcovog xal zrjg ^AgzifxiSog xal A-qzovg xal 
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5 cpvtfiv yovdg Ttotsiddou, yzzav 8i avzolg sivai TtoXips 
xal dix&v xal dyogcov, xal it-aXsig slvai xal avzovg 
xal oixiag, xal ykvog zo ixsivav, xal [AtJTtozi 
((prjtiiv) odicog d^vaaiev zS ' AttoXXovi, [tq8i zjj 
^Agzi^iLdt, [iTfds zjj Atjzoi, [i7]3* ^Ad-qva Ugovaca, 
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dvdyvcoQt zyjv zs &ss pavzuav, dxovdazs zrjg dgdg, 
dvafxpijadj^zs zcov ogxoov. sg vpcov ol ngoyovoi (iszd 
zoov 'Apcptxzvovcov dvvoo^iodav. 

MA NT El A. 

15 "Ov nglv zrjg8s noXijog igeivjszs nvgyov sXovzsg, 
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"OP KOI. °APJl. 

TavzTjg zrjg dgdg xal zSv ogxoov xal zrjg fiavzslag 

20 ysvopsvrig, dvaysyga^^isvcov izi xal vvv, ol Aoxgol 

ot * A^tpiddug, [idXXov 8i ol ngosdzjixdzsg avzcov, 

dv8gsg nagavo^toozazoi^ iitetgyd'Covzo zo 7ts8lov, xal 

zov Xijxkva zov i^dyidzov xal indgazov ndXiv izsi- 

%idav xal dvvooxcdav, xal zkXr\ zovg xazanXkovzag 

25 i^iXsyov, xal zcov dfixvsfisvcov ug AsX(povg UvXa- 

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vjtig zov [i^dsfiiav [iveiav nsgl avzoov iv zoig *A[i- 

30 (pixzvodt itoirjdaddat • 8ico^oXoyrjdii 8' avzoo xal eis 

zov XoiTtov xqovov dTtodzaXrjdeddai 'AOrjva'Ca zov 



40 AfSXl'NOT 

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44 Af2Xl'N0r 

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KATA* KTH2I&SLNT02. 45 

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20 ysysviifisvrjs. 

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46 AfZXl'NOT 

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KATA* KTH2I&IHNT02. 47 

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did xijs 0oxidos eve avxds xds Orj6as< xal xo xe- 



KATA" KTHSIrliJtNTOZ. 49 

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50 A?2Xl'NOT 

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KATJ: KTH2I1>s£l$TQ2. 51 

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20 daodou ti\v slgijvijv, xal 7tgso6sta? dnoaxskXsiv 
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RATA' KTH2I4>s£NT02. 53 

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34 A1*2XI'N0T 

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KATA* KTH2!I&J?NT0Z. 55 

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R A TJl K THZI® JTN TOZ. 57 

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oji t?J 8vvdast Aagstos xaTs6s6?]xs^ 6 8' ^AXs^av- 
5 8gos rjv aTtscXi^i^svos sv KiXixia ndvicov ivdsrjsi 
cos sfr^ada av, amixa [.tdXa 8^ ij^isXXsv (cos rjv 6 
nagd aov Xoyos) Gvu7TaT7]d?fosadai vno zijs Usg- 
aixrjs iitnov, ti\v 8i aijv dijSiav ?/ noXis ovx i%co- 
gsi xal ids irciGToXas, & i^gx^fiivos ix tSv 8a- 

IOxtvXcov 7isgitfsis. E7ti8eixvvcov xicl to if.wv itgoscoitov 
oos ix7t£7th)/ijJvov xal d6v{xovvTOS, xal ygvaoxsgcov 
ditoxaXtov xal xaTSGTEipdai cpdaxeov, el tl icjatfjfia 
ovii6tf(j£Tai AXst-dv8gcd, ov8* ivzavda snga^as ov- 
8iv, dXX its iiva xaigov dvs6dXXs xaXXico. ^Yizsg- 

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axgaxtSxas, 3 HXelol 8* avxols av£t{isxs6dXovxo xal 
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vov avvijys OTgaT07is8ov^ to 8* saopsvov d8-qXov i^v. 

25 3 lZvTav0* ripLiv ano8u^iv Tzoifjoai, co Aijuoadsvss, tl 
noT rfv a sngat-as xal tl tiot rjv a sXsyss, xal el 
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(?oi, a 81 tot sksyss, iyco vvvl Xs^co. Ov fiifivrj- 

30 60s avTOv xd [iiagd xal dnidava g-q^aTa^ a nas 
nod* vpELS, S 6i8rigsoii sxagTsgsiTS dxgotopsvoi $ 
8 



58 A?2XfN0T 

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Xoyco SexxaXovs xal HsggaiSovs dcpitixdvai." 2Jv 
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oil ngos noXiv, dXXd ngos oixiav, onov xivSvvos 
ngossdxiv 1 dXX si [xsv nov %grtfiaxa dvaXidxsxai, 
ngosxadsodrfcfr}, ngd^iv Si dvSgos ov ngd^sis * idv 
S 3 avxofiaxov xi ctvpSy, ngosnoujay, xal aavxbv 
inl xd ysysvi^xivov iniygdvjsis • dv 8* sXOjf cp66osl5 
xts, dnoSgatft} ' idv Si &aggij(jcofX£v, Scogsds alxTJdsis 
xal xgvdOLS dxscpdvois dxscpavovdOai. 

Nat, dXXd Stj^oxixos ioxiv. 'JEdv [iiv xoivvv 
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i^anaxrjOrftiEdds cosnsg xal ngoxsgov, idv 8* sis t^i>20 
cpvdiv xal xi\v dX-qdsiav, sx i^anaxrjdrjdsdds ■ ixsi- 
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fxsd 3 vfxcov Xoyiovfiai a Set vndgt-ai iv xjj cpvdsi xco 
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nolov xiva sixos is'iv sivai xov bXiyag%ixbv avdgco-25 
nov xal cpavXov • vpsis S* dvxidsvxss ixdxsga xov- 
xcov ftscog-qdax avxov p?} bnoxigov xov Xoyov, 
dXX bnoxigov xov fiiov ioxiv. 

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Sslv vndg^at xco S^ioxixco • ngcoxov [iiv, iXsvdsgov 30 
avxov sivai xal ngos naxgos xal [Myxgos, iva (i?) Sid 



KATA* K TH21 j£N TO 2. 59 

ttjv nsgl to ysvos axv%iav 8vsfisvrjs j} tols vopois, 
ol acot,ov6i Trjv 8rnioxgaTiav, dsvrsgov 8s, and t6v 
ngoyovcov svsgysatav Tivd avTco ngos tov dfftiov 
vndg%siv, jj (to y dvayxaioTaTOv) [ir}8s[iiav s%0gav, 
5 iva fir} fiorjOGov tols tSv ngoyovcov dTv%rjpa6c xaxcos 
sm%sigjj noislv ttjv noXiv • xghov, acocpgova xal [is- 
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diairav, oncos fir} did Trjv ddsXystav Trjs 8andvr\s 
8ago8oxrj xard ts 8rjfi8 • TSTagTOV, fsvyvcbfiova xal 

lOdvvarov sinew, xaXov ydg Trjv [aev didvoiav ngoai- 
gsictdac rd /3iArtora, Trjv 8i nai8siav Trjv tov grJTo- 
gos xal tov Xoyov nsldstv tovs dxovovTas, si 8s [xrj, 
Trjv y svyvcofioavvijv del ngoTaxTsov tov Xoyov • 
nsfiTiTov, dvdgsiov slvai Trjv yjv%ijv, tVcc fir) nagd tcc 

IbSeivd xal tovs nokifiovs syxaTokinri tov Sijpov. 
Tov 8* okiyag%ixov, ndvTa TdvavTia tovtcov s%siv • 
Tt ydg Set ndliv 8is%dvai ; axsvjaods 8rj xi tovtcov 
vndg%sc Arnioddsvsi, 6 8i koyt&[i6s sgtco snl naai 
8ixaiois* 

20 Tovtco naTrjg fisv rjv Ar\ pood svr\s 6 Uaiavisvs* 
dvrjg iXsvdsgos (ov ydg 8si vjsv8sa6at) • rd 8° duo 
Trjs fxrfTgos xal tov ndnnov tov ngos [irjTgos ncos 
s%si avTco, syco cpgaGco. JTvXgov rjv ex Ksgapscov, 
osTts ngo8ovs tols noXepiois Nv[icpaiov to iv too 

25 Uovtco, tots Trjs nolscos s^ovaqs to %(dgiov tovto, 
cpvyds ix Trjs nolscos syevsTO, &avaT8 xaTayvcoadsv- 
tos avTOv, Trjv xgiaiv ov% vnopsivas, xal dcpixvst- 
Tat sis Bosnogov, xdxsl Xa^6dvsi 8cogsdv nagd rcov 
Tvgdvvcov tovs covopaofisvovs Kijnovs, xal yafist 

Soyvvatxa nXovaiav psv vrj Jia xal %gvdiov snicps- 
gopsvqv noXv, JExvdw 8s to ysvos ' it; t\s yiyvovxai 



60 Af2Xl'NOT 

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[dv zov Ttditns zov ngdg pixgdg TioXifiiog dv eltj zco 
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1<jtiv i ix rgir]gdg%ov Xoyoygdfog dvsipdvii, zd na- 
zgSa xazayEXddzag ngos^isvog • amzos ds xal Tcegl 
xavza $ofccs Etvai, xal tovs Xoyovg ixcpsgcov zotg 
dvzidixoig, dvs7Z7~{87j(j£v inl zd ftrjfia' nXsietzov 3* ix 15 
rrjg noXsog siXiiipfog dgyvgtov iXdyitixa nEgisnoiyj- 
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ysvEXO. Kal zd xscpdXaiov, zdv ftwv sx ix xcov cdt-20 
cdv itgogodcov Ttogi&zai, dXX ix zSv vftEzsgav xivdv- 
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nicpvxs ; SsivSg Xeystv, xaxcog (3tSvac. Ovzco ydg 
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Sgz* i[is [xrj fiovXectQai Xkysiv a zovzco ningaxzai m 25 
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SatvEt zjj noXsi -/ oi [isv Xoyot xaXol, zd S' hgya 
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avv^Eizs avz(d, $tazgi6?}v 6 Xoyog dv [ioi itag£6%£v • 



KATjC KTH2I&SLNT02. 61 

i7tsidrj Si xal amos ojiokoyu iv rats ixxtydtais, 
xal vpsis civvis's, Xontov vnoyuvY^ai tss 7tsgl tstov 
xupkvovs vopovs. c O ydg 2}6Xav, 6 TtaXaios vofio- 
^ir^g, iv tois avTOts iniTi^i'iois (osto Suv iviy^dQat 
5 tov adTQaTSVTOv xal tov XsXoiTtdra ttjv Tat-iv xal 
tov SeiXov bfioias* udl ydg xal SuXias ygacpai. 
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ygacpat' udi' tlvos kvsxa ; iv k'xadTOS Tjft&v, rds 
ix tcov vo^icov Zrj^uas cpo6ov[A£vos {idlXov 7} tovs 
10 7To}.£{jliovs, d^iuvcov dycovLdTrjs vnig Trjs naTgiSos 

V7tdg%Jj. C [A£V TOiVVV V0(106£T7}S TOV ddTgdl£VTOV 

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id%aT7iv dOvpiav i[i6aXuT£. "Oti S° d^Oi] Ai/«, 



62 Afsxi'isor 

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vi i tots fxsv SiacpsgovTSs, vvvl Si noXXS ytaTa- 
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viGTag s^sts Tjjg dgsTyjg, sdv Si tcq fiovXofisvco xal 30 
tois SiaTTga^ajjisvoig %agifycOs, xal ra? snisixsls 



KATA* K TH2I SIN TO 2. 63 

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imxaXsfisvog, 6 Ttjv avofioiov s/cov incovvfiiav Jri- 

10 fioadsvsi $ dXX sy coys, fid Tovg &sovg Tovg *OXvfi- 
niovg, ovS* iv Talg avratg T^iegais d^iov 7)yov[iai 
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15 dTScpavcodai. *A%dgi(>Tog dg irv 6 Sijfiog ; sx, dXXd 
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20 gas dOdvaxog ovaa Stafisvsi • Scogsdg di Tivag iXdfi- 
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c Egficov, iyrjxs Si fir] iniygdysiv xot bvofiaTa ja 
savTcov, iva fir} tcov dTgaTTiycov, dXld tov drjfiov 

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fi4 AfSXl'NOT 

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inl di zco davzigco, 
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3 A[i<pi %vvoiai ngdyftaac fi6%dov s%eiv • " 10 

inl di zto zgizco iniyiyganzai 'Egfiy, 
""Ex nozs zrjsde noXijos ap 'Azgsidzjai Msveadevs 

< Hyelzo tddeov Tgo'ixov dpnediov, 
a Ov nod* "OfiTfgos spy Javacov nvxa %aXxo%Lzoovav 

Koafji^Tcoga pd%7js s%o%ov dvdga [loXsiv. 15 

Ovzcas ovdiv dstxis *AQy\vaioi<ji xaXelodai 

Kodpjzds nole^iov z dpcpl xal qvogsris" 
"Edzt ns zd tcov dzgazyyav ovofia ; ovdafiov, dXXd 

TO ZOV drffAOV. 

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m dvdgsg 'AOqvatoi, o iyco Keyed $ ivzavda -q iv 
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ziazas. *Ev zoivvv za Mijzgtooo Ttagd zd fiovAev- 30 
jrjgiov, rjv edoze dcogedv zots and 0vXt}? <psvyovza 



KATJC\ KTH2I^SLNT02. 65 

tov Sij^iov xwiayayovaiv^ sotlv idetv. ~ Hv [A6v ydg 
b to ip^fLOfia yg dip ag xal vixijaag \Ag%Zvog 6 Ix 
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15 #' dXrjdrj Xsyco, dvayvcoasTai vfiiv to vj-qcpidixa. 

WH'®I2MA I1BP? A SI PEA '2 TO f 2 A' II 
®TAH*2. 

UagavdyvcoOc xal o ysygacps KTTjtiupcov Jtj[xo- 
adsvst tS tcov [isytGiTov xaxcov ahicp. 

20 <PH'$>12MA. 

Tovtco to ipr}(pi6LiaTL s^aXsicpSTai ?J tcov xaTaya- 
yovTcov tov 8tJ[aov 8coged, Ei tst s/sl xaXcog, exst- 
vo alc»%gcos ■ si ixslvot xckt d^iav sTi^iijdijaav^ sTog 
dvdt-ios cov GTScpavovTcu. 

25 KatTOi nvvOdvo^at y aviov {isXXscv Xsysiv, cog 
s dixaia Ttotco 7iaga6dXXcov cci/tw Ta tcov ngoyovcov 
sgya ' ov8s ydg <PiXdp[icova (pyjasc tov tivxti\v 
3 OXv[i7tiacti OTScpavcoOijvai vix-qdavTa JTXavxov tov 
naXaiov sxslvov itvxTijv, dXXd Tovg xaf? savTOv 

ZodycovioiTdg, cognsg fftidg d.yvosvTag, oti ToTg fisv 
TZvxTcus iciTiv 6 dycov ngog aXXr^Xovg, tols 8* dt-istft 
9 



66 AfZXI.'NOT 

dxscpavsaOai, ttqos avxi\v xi\v dgsxqv, rjg xal svsxa 
dxEfavsvxac, Jei ydg xov xijgvxa dipsvSuv, oxav 
xi]v dvdggijtiiv iv xS &£axgcp noiyxat ngog xsg c 'EX- 
kqvas. M-q sv r^ilv m Uaxaixlcovog dftEtvov ueuo- 
XixEvdai 8i£^idi, dXX* icpixo^isvog xrjs dvdgayaOcag 5 
ovtcj id? ydgixag xov dijfiov dnaixEi. 

c 'Iva Si pj dixoitXavco vfidg and xijg vTZodeoeas, 
dvayv6(j£xai vfiiv 6 yga^ifiaTEvg to inlyga^tfia, o 
iniysyganxai xolg and (PvXijg xov dijpov xaxaya- 
yovdi, 10 

"eui'tpamma. 
" TssS* dgsTrjs Svsxa s'Sfdvoig iysgaigs naXalydcov 

zfrjfiog * AQy\vamv, oi noTE xovg dSixoig 
Osdfiocg dg^avzag ng&TOi nokscog xaTanavsiv 

* Hg^av, xivdvvov d6[iadiv dgdfiEvoi" 15 

"On jovg Ttagd isg vofiovg dg^avxag xaxiXvdav, 
dtd T8T avTss cpijdtv 6 noiyxyg Tipidijvai. " Evav- 
Xov ydg yv hi tots nddiv, on xyvixavTa 6 Brj^iog 
xaTskvOq, snEiS-q Ttvsg tcc? ygacpdg tSv nagavopav 
d,vslXov. Kal ydg tl wg iyco tov naTgog ts i[xavT8 20 
invvQavopiv (os sxy fiiovg ivsvjjxovxa xal nsvxs 
sTsXsvnjdsv, drtdvTcov {isxadymv xtov novcov xrj no- 
Xsi), og noXXdxig ngog ipi Sist-ysL inl d%oXfjg* k'fif 
ydg, oxs dgnog xaxsXyXvdsi 6 Sjjfxog, el xig sigioi 
ygacprjv nagavo^tcov slg dixadTijgtov, stvai Sfioiov xo 25 
ovoua xal xo sgyov • xi ydg dvodi6x£gov dvSgog 
7Zagdvo[ia Xiyovxog xal itgdxxovxog ; xal x?jv dxgo- 
adtv (»? ixEivog djzrfyyEXXsv) ov xov aviov xgonov 
inoiovvxo, Sgitsg vvv ylyvsxai, dXX ijdav noXv %a- 
XsTiaxEgoi oi dixactxal xotg nagd,vofia y g dcpov a iv 30 
avxov xov xaxyyogov, xal itoXXdxig dv£7z6di£ov xov 



KATA\ KTH2I<X>ltNT02. 67 

ygafipaiea xal ixeXevov ndfav dvayivioGxeiv tovs 
vofiss xal to yj7](pi(jfia, xal t)Xl6xovto ol itagdvo^a 
ygd(povTes sx el ndvias 7tagamih\6aLev tovs vojass, 
dXX el fxcav [loviiv ovXXa6ijv nagaXXdt-aiev. To 
5 Be vvvl yivo^ievov ngay^ia vrtegxaTayeXadTov hiv • 
6 per ydg ygafipaTevs dvaytvcofjxei to Ttagdvopov, 
ol Bi Bixas'al, Ssrceg e7icoh\v 7} dXXoigiov tl ngdy^ia 
dxgo6[ievoL, ngos hega tlvi ttjv yvapiv eyovGLv. 
"Hdrj S* ex tcov Teyvcov tcov zfiifioodevovs aldygov 

lOedos ev tols BLxa^gloLs 7zaga8e%ect0e • [XBTevijvexTai 
ydg vfiiv tcc Tijs noXecos dixaia • 6 [xev ydg xaTijyo- 
gos dnoXoyeiiaL, 6 de cpevycov tt\v ygacpijv xaTijyo- 
get, ol de dtxaGTai ivioie cov [iiv eitfi xgiTal enikav- 
OdvovTou, cop eT ovx elol Btxadial, negl tovtcov 

15 dvayxd'CovTai tt]v ipijcpov (pegeiv • XeyeL Bi 6 cpevycov, 
edv dga rcod* dipiiiaL tov itgdyfiaios, s% cos evvo^ia 
yeygacpev, okX cos ydy noii xal Ttgozegov eiegos 
TOiavTa ygdvjas duecpvyev • icp & xal vvvl pieya 
(pgovelv dxovco KTijOLcpcovTa. ^EioXpa §' iv vpiv 

20 7TOT£ tiefivvveddat '' ' AgctiTocpcov ixetvos 6 'A&jvisvs, 
Xeycov, otl ygacpds nagav6[icov necpevyev idSopifeov- 
ia xal TtivTe • dXX ov%i 6 KecpaXos 6 naXatos ixet- 
vos, 6 Boxav 8i] liOTtx cot aT os yeyovevai, ov% ovicos, 
dXX! eitl tols ivavTiois icpcXoiifieLTO, Xeycov, oil nXel- 

25 <Jia TtdvTcov yeygacpcos vji]cpi<j[iaTa sBe^uav nconoTe 
ygacpi}v necpevye nagavo^icov, xaXcos (otftai) ae^vv- 
v6[ievos> z ' EygdcpovTo ydg dXXijXss Tiagavo^cov ov 
fxovov ol bLaTtoltTevoiievoi, dXXd xal ol cpiXot tovs 
cpiXss, et tl i^apagidvoLcV els tj\v tcoXlv. ^Exefflev 

30 de tovto yvcoaeoOe. ' " Agylvos ydg 6 ix KotXris 
iygdipaTO nagavo^icov Ogaav6ovXov tov 2JTeigtea^ 



68 AfZXl'NOT 

ygdyjavxd yE 6x£cpavovv nagd xovs vofiovs k'va xSv 
dvyxaTEXdovTov avxm and @vXrjs, xal slXs, vecdotl 
yEyEvi^iEvov avxm tcov EVEgyEtiL&v, as ov% vnsXoyL- 
%ovxo oi dixaaiat • r^yovvTo ydg, Ssnsg tote amovs 
qpsvyovxas and <PvXijs 0gaav6ovXos xaxtfyaysv^ 
ovxco vvv [isvovxas i^EXavvELv, nagd xovs vofxovs 
ygd(povxd xi. ' 'A.XX ov vvv, dXXd ndv xovvavxiov 
yiyvExai ' oi ydg dyaOol cfxgaxrfyol v[xcov, xal xSv 
xds (jLttJ<jSis tlves Evgy^iEvov ev tw ngvxavELco If ou- 
rovvTat zds yga(pds tcov nagavofiav, ovs voxels 10 
d%agi<5Tss slvai dtxatos dv vnoXa^dvoLTE ' el ydg 
Tis lv SjjfxoxgaTia TETL^r^iEvos, iv TOLavTtj noXsi, i)v 
ot &£ol xal oi vopoi aco'CovGi, ToX^a fioijOstv rots 
7tagdvo[xa ygdcpsoi, xaxaXvet zrjv TtoXiTEtav, vcp ys 
TSTi[A7]Tai. Tis hv aTtodidsLXTai Xoyos dvdgl 6vvy\~\b 
yoga) dixatq) xal ticocpgovi, iyco Xi^co. JEls xgia [ae- 
gjj 8iaig£LTat ^ rftisga, orav elslj} ygacfq nagavopav 
els to dLxa&Tijgtov. *Ey%eiTai ydg to [aev ngcoTov 
v8ag tgj xaT-qyogco xal tols vofiois xal Ttj drffnoxga- 
T4a, to 3i SsvTSgov v8(og tcq Tiqv ygaqptfv (pEvyovTiQQ 
xal tols els amo to Ttgdy^ia XkyovCLv • inELddv di 
Tjj 7igv)Tj} vjrfqjcd [iTf Xvdi} to itagdvoyiov, ij^-q to Tgi- 
tov vfimg iy/EuaL Tjj Tifjirjoei xal tS fiEyidEL ttJs 
ogyrjs Trjs vests' gas. c 'Ostls [aev ovv ev tjj tl^giel 
tt^v vjrjipov aiTEL, T7\v ogyrjv tjjv v^Exsgav nagaLTEL-%5 
Tat' ostis & ev tco TtgcoTco Xoyco tjjv vjyjcpov airsl, 
ogxov aiTEL, vopov ahsL, hj^ioxgaTiav atra, &v ste 
ahijciaL ovdsv ocilov ovdsvl, ovx ahrjOivTa ETsgcp 
BovvaL. KsXsvaaTS ovv amss, sddavTas v^ias Trjv 
jtg&Triv vjyjcpov xaxd xovs vo^iovs SLEvsyxELV, anav- 3Q 
%dv ELS xrjv XLprjGlLV, 



KATA* KTH2I<PJtNT02. 69 

"Okas S' syooye, co dv8gss *Ady\ vaioi, oXiyov 8 so 
thtuv, cos xal vo^iov dsl TsOrjvai iitl Taig ygacpats 
povov tcov nagavoiLoov, [iiq i^stvai fjcqis too xaTToyo- 
gcp avvijyogss nags%sGQai, ^tjts t« tt\v yga(pr\v tcov 
5 nagavo^icov (psvyovTt • ov ydg dogiGTOV iarL to 8l- 
xacov, dXX oogtdfiivov tols robots iocs v^STsgots. 
"SlsTtsg ydg iv rjj tsxtovlxjj, orav etdivat fiovXcops- 
6a to ogdov xal to /irj^ tov xavova 7tgosq)igo[jtsv, <5 
8iayiyvoo(txzTai, ovtco xal iv rats ygacpats tcov na- 

10 gavoficDV Ttagaxstrat xavcov tov 8ixaiov tovtl to 
davi8iov xal to yjrifKj[ia xal ot Ttagaysyga^iievoL 
vopoi. Tavxa avficpoovovvTa dXXi]Xois imdsi^as 
xaTaOacvs * xal tl 8sZ as Jj^oaOivi^v itagaxaXuv -, 
oTav 8i vTZEg7tiyfo\<j as ttjv 8ixaiav dnoXoyiav naga- 

IbxaXrjs xaxovgyov dvdgcoitov xal ts%vittjv Xoycov, 
xXsitTEis vy\v dxgoaaiv, fiXdrtTSis ttjv tloXiv, ^aTccAi/- 
scs ttjv drjfioxgaTtav. 

Tls ovv idTiv d7iOTgo7i7] tcov tolovtcov Xoycov, 
iyco igoo. D JS7tst8dv TtgossXOcov ivTavdol Kr7}(jicpcov 

20 dis^sXOzj 7tgos vpds tovto 8rj to avvTBTay^dvov av- 
T03 ngooLiiiov, BitSLT iv8iaTgi6jj xal (j,ij a7toXoyrJTai, 
VTTOfjivijoiaT amov avev &ogv6s to aavidtov Xa6etv, 
xal tovs v6[aovs to ipi^cpla^aTt nagavayvcovai, lav 
8i TtgosTZotfJTai vticov firj dxoveiv, p]8i v^ihs ixsivs 

25 sdeXeTS axoveiv * ov ydg tcov cpevyovTcov toc? ov 8i- 
xaias duoXoyias sisshjXvdaTS axgoatiopsvot, dXXd 
tcov iOsXovzcov 8txaicos dizoXoyettidai. °JEdv 8° vjtsg- 
7tri8ipas Trjv 8ixaiav dnoXoyiav Jy^oaOevijv rcaga- 
xaXfj, pdXiGTa piv ^iij 7tgos8e^£a6£ xaxovgyov av- 

3Qdgco7tov, oio^isvov gij^iaat tovs vopovs dvaigrfctSLv, 
[A7}8* iv dgsTjf iovO* vfxSv [uo.8sls xaTaXoyi£iot6eo, os 



70 Afsxi'NOr 

av ijzavsgopivov Kzi^Kpcoyjo? " Ei xaXsaco z/tj- 
(loctdivrjv i " ngcoTOS dva6o7Joz} " xdXsi, xdXet ' " jcgc- 
XSv ydg Inl aavTov xaXsLS, iul tovs vopovs xaXzis, 
inl ttJv d-qiioxgaTiav xaXeis. 

*A.v 8* aga vulv 86^ axovstv, d^iactaTS tov z/^-5 
{jLOtidevriv tov aviov tqqkov duoXoyucidai, ovneg 
xdyco xaT7^yog7jxa' &8s itcos (iW xal vtxo^lvj^co 
vfids) ' ovrs tov i'Siov ftiov is J^ioo^kvovs ngoTS- 
gov 8i£§fjX6ov^ ovie tSv diifiQGicov ddtxi^idrcov s8e- 
vos ngozsgov ipvijadiiv, dcpdova fojitov xal noXXd 10 
e%eov Xsyeiv (r) ndvTcov y av si'yv dnogcdTaTQs) • 
dXXd Ttgaxov [iiv tovs vo^lovs drtiSsi^a dnayogzv- 
ovras [iij 0TS<payovv tovs vtcbvQvvovs^ iitBLTa tov 
gjjzoga i^Xsy^a ygdipavTa Jfjfioctdaviiv vtzsvOvvov 
ovxa (jT£(pavovv, ovSev ngo6aX6^evov, ov8i ngos-15 
eyygdvjavia " ^Eu£i8dv 8ep Tas svdvvas" dXXd nav- 
zeXcos xal v^icov xal tcov vougjv xaTaizscpgoviixoTa • 
xal rots iao^ivas ngds Tavia ngocpdasis sinov, aV 
a^tS xal vfids 8 ta L av?} f to vsvsiv, JevTsgov 8* vplv 
SietjfjXOov tovs Ttsgl tcov XTigvyftaTcov voftovs, ev ols20 
Siaggrjd^v aTZsigrjiai tov vtzo tov 8ifatov tfTecpavov- 
fisvov pi} x7jgvTT£(jdat f|fi) Tip ixxhplas ' 6 8i gjj- 
Tcog 6 (psvycov up ygafrjv, ov tovs vSfiovs povov 
7taga6s67pc8v, dXXd xal tov xaigov Tijs dvaggijascos^ 
xal tov TOTtov, xeXsvcov ovx iv Ttj ixxXi^ata, dXX iv25 
t& d'sdiga T7Jv dvdggiiGiv yiyvstf&at, s8* sxxX77Ciia- 
^ovtov *Ad7jvaicdv, dXXd [asXXovtcqv Tgaycp8Sv elsii- 
vai. TavTa 8° £L7tcov, [iixgd fiiv tzsqI tcov l8lcov 
zmov, xd 8s nXeiza itegl tov 87i^oaicov d8iX7i^dTov 
Xeyo. Ovtco 8ij xal tov Jfifioodivjiv d^todaTsSO 
dixoXoyuadat ngos tov tcov vitsvOvvov vopov Ttgco- 



KATA" KTH2I<I>JtNT02. 71 

tov, xal tov Ttsgl tcov xrjgvyfiaTav devtsgov, xgizov 
ds (psyioTOv &v Xsyco) to gos ovds d^ios idn Trjs 
dagsds. *Edv fr v^iorv dsriTai ovyycogrjoai avTth 
itsgl Trjs rd^sco? tov Xoyov, xaTETtayysXX6fi£vos as 
5 sitl iff teXevttj tijs duoXoyias Xvasi to Ttagdvofxov, 
fiij dvy^aygsiTE, pi8* dyvoetO^ oti itdXaia^ia tst eH 
dixadTijgiov • ov ydg sisavdis tzote 6ovXsTai Ttgos 
to Ttagdvoiiov ditoXoyutidai, dXX sdsv s/av 8(xaiov 
siTCSLv, sTsgcov Ttags^GoXrj Ttgayfidiav sis XrjOrfv 

10 vpds fiovksTou Trjs xaTiiyogias ifiSaXsiv. c 'J2g7t£g 
ovv iv tois yv^ivixois dycooiv ogdrs tss itvxTas nsgl 
Trjs (jTaoscds Ttgos d.XXrjXovs diaycovi^ofisvovs, ovto 
xal vfists VTtsg Trjs TtoXseos, xal Ttsgl Trjs Taboos av- 
t& T8 Xoyov {idysGde ohriv Trjv rjptsgav, xal firj iaTS 

15 avTov I'|g3 toiJ Ttagavofiov Xoyovs TtEgiiOTaoOaij 
dXX iyxadrj^svoi xal ivs8gsvovTES iv Trj dxgodou, 
sissXavvsTS amov sis tovs tov ngdypaTos Xoyovs, 
xal Tag txTgojids amov tcov Xoycov iitiTiigstTS. 
*AXX a 8ij (jVfi6rjo£Tai vfiiv, idv tovtov tov Tgonov 

20 Trjv dxgoaoiv Ttoirjods, TavO* v^Tv rjBrj dixaios sifjit 
ngosntsiv. ^Ejtsisd^si ydg tov yoirra xal ^akav- 
TioTOfiov xal StaiSTfiiixoTa Trjv noXiTEiav • ovtos 
xXaisi [iiv gdov rj dXXoi ysXeotiiv, sTtiogxsi 8s ndv- 
T(ov Ttgo^sigoiaja dvOgoizcov • ovx dv &av[id(jai[ii 

25 3s\ si [isTa,6aXX6[isvoSi tois e^oj itsgiEtiTrixoGi Xoi- 
SogrJGETai, (pdaxcov tovs fisv 6Xiyag%ixovs vn av- 
Trjs Tijs dXriOsias duigidprifiivovs rjxsiv Ttgos to tov 
xaTiiyogov fiijfio:, tovs 8e otj^iotixovs Ttgos to tov 
(pEvyovjos. a Oxav 8rj TavTa Xiyy, Ttgos [isv tss ?a- 

SOoiaoTixovs Xoyovs sxsivo amS vnoGaXXsTE, ot£, 
u 'i2 Jij fiood eves, el d oi rjtfav bfioiot ol and 0vXrjs 



72 Af2Xl'N0T 

(pevyovTa tov drjfiov xaTayayovTes 1 ovx dv 7tore 
drjpoxgaTia xaTe<jTi\ * vvv di ixelvoi piv [leydXav 
xaxav <jv{i6dvTCdv eacoaav t^v tioXlv, to xdXXiaTov 
ix natdeias gjqtxa (pOeyt-dpevot, MW MNH2JI- 
KAKEFN ' av di eXxonoieis, xal fiaXXov aoi [leXei 5 
tSv avdr^iegov Xoycov ij Tijs acDTrfgias ttJs tcoXscos" 

"Oiav d* iuiogxos $v, els ttjv did tcov ogxcov nisiv 
xaTacpvyydvq, ixelvo dTto^ivij^ovevaaTe avra), otl tS 
TtoXXdxis [iev imogxovvTi, del di ngds tovs avTovs 
fisd° ogxcov dtjiovvii maisveadai, dvotv fidrsgov 10 
VTtdg^ai del (Jav ovdhegov iaxi zf?^oaOevet vrtdg- 
%ov)' 9 i} tovs &eovs xaivovs, if tovs dxgoaTas fir} 
tovs amovs. Usgl Si tov daxgvcov xal tov tovov 
tt^s cpcovijs* ot<xv vftds inegcoTa "Hoi xaTacpvyco, dv- 
dges 'Adrfvatoi / negiygdvjeTe pe ix tt^s uoXvteias $ 15 
ovx 1(jtiv oTtri dvajtTipo^iai^ dv6vTto6dXXeTe av- 
T6), " 6 di Sfjpos 6 ' " AQi\vaicov itol xaTacpvyq, Jj^io- 
odsvss y j$ itgos noiav av^ud^eov TtagaoxevTJv ; rtgos 
noia xgfyaTa ; tl ngoSaXXo^ievos vnig tov dr^jiov 
neitoXiTsvaai ; a [xiv ydg vnig oeavTov fie6ovXev-2Q 
dat, anavTes ogSfiev * ixXmcov [iiv to asrv, sx olxels, 
m doxels, iv UecgaieZ, dXX i^ogpeZs ix Trjs noXecos • 
icpodta di Ttenogidat tt) aavTov dvavdgia to (3ac>iXt- 
xov ygvdiov xal zd di^ioGta dagodox?j[iaTa" f OXcos 
di tl za ddxgva j Tis ^ xgavyjj ; tls 6 tovos T?js2o 
fpcovrjs y ov% 6 [iiv Tijv ygacpijv cpevycov Itfri KttjcH- 
cpeov, 6 di dycov ovx drifirfTos ; <sv d° ovts nsgl Trjs 
ovoias, ovts Ttsgl tov 66{j,aT0s, ovts Ttsgl ttJs invii- 
liias dyavify ; dXXd Ttsgl tlvos is'lv avxth t\ onsdni ; 
Tisgl ygvdcov tiTEcpdvcov xal xi\gvy {laTtov iv tS &ea- 30 
rgcp Ttagd tovs vo^lovs * ov i%g7Jv, el xal pavels 



KATA* KTI1£I&J£NT02. t3 

drjfAOS. 7} tcop xadsGTJixoTcov ijtiXsX^cj^spog^ iitl tol- 
avTTjg dxaigtag i6ovXsxo aiscpavovv avzov, 7tagsX~ 
Ooi/za sis iijv ixxXiialap slnslv • " "^dpSgsg *AQy\- 
vaioi, tov [iiv aiifavov dsyo^aij top 8i xaigop 
5 aTtoSoxifid^co, iv a to xrjgvyaa yiypsTai • ov ydg 
8si if ois 7) 716X1? §TtivO?)(j£ xal ixsigaTo^ ijil isToig 
ifis aT8(pavovoQai" *^4XX\ olpai, Tavxa, flip dp 
eiTtoi dvrjg optcos fiefiiaxas [ist dgsTyjg ■ a 8i av 
Xs"%sts, sircoi dv xdOagpia fyjXoTVTtovp dgsxryp, Ov 

10 ydg 81^ lid top c HgaxXsa, tovto ys vpcop ovdslg (po- 
6iidr ( G£Tai, fir} 6 z/iifXoaOspijg, dprjg [isyaXovjvyog 
xal Td TtoXsfiixd 8iacpsgcdp, ditOTv^dp tcop dgisrsicov, 
oi'xads STtapsXQcov sovtov 8ia%grjti.7iTai * og togstov 
xaTaysXa vfjg ngog v^ds cpiXoTifiiag, Sstb tt]v pia- 

15 gap xsfaXijp Tavzrip xal vitsvdvpop, ?)V Stos nagd 
TtdpTas tovs vo^aovs ysygacps aTScpapcoaa^ pvgidxig 
xaxaTSTpixs • xal tovtcop fiiaOovg siXricps, Tgavpa- 
tos ix Ttgopotas ygacpds ygacpofispog ' xal xaraxs- 
xop8vXi$ai, costs avTOv ofyai Td tcop xop8vXcop lypri 

20 tcop Msi8iov €%8lp sti cpapsgd • b ydg dpOgcojtog ov 
xscpaXijp, dXXd ngdsodop xsxTiiTaL 

Ilsgl Si KrricicpcbvTos tov ygdvjapTog tt\p ypco- 
\Lriv+ @ga%sa ($ovXo[iai siTtsiv, Td 8i noXXd vTZsg^r)- 
aopai (ipa xal rtsigap vfi&p Xd6co, si dvpaads tovs 

25 6cpo8ga novrigovs, xap [irj Tig ngosinri^ 8iayiypco- 
gxeip) ' o 8* igl xoipqp xal 8ixo.iop tear dficpoTsgcov 
avjcop ditayyslXai ngog vfiag, tst igS. Usgisg/op- 
Tai ti\p dyogdp dXiidsis %oct dXXrjXcop s%opTsg $o|ecs, 
xal Xoyovg ov tpsvdsig XsyoPTsg • 6 piv ydg Kttjgi- 

SQcpcop s to xad* saviop (piiai cpo6si(j6ai (iXitiXsi ydg 
86^sip l8iG}T7ig sivgu), dXXd tt]p tov zfijLioddipovg 
10 



74 a fs x i'n o r 

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tofiokoyy\fdvais 6vvQr\xais avxw ngos xov ^ AQrivaicov 
Srjfiov, Gv>i7t£gikafi6dvovx as xal xss ixaxigcov avfi- 
fidyovs. HgsoSecs ygidi^av, Ev6ovkos Avacpkv- 

25 s'tos, AlayivTis Kodoxtdrfs, Kijcpiaocpcov c Pafivsaios, 
AijfioxgdxTjs 0kv£vs, Kki(ov Kodaxidrfs" 

Tavxa ygdvjavxos ifis xoxe, xal xo xrj noksi dvft- 
(psgov ov xco tpik'untcd 'Cijxovvxos, figayv cpgov- 
xtaavxss ol ygijdxol ngeaSets sxoi, xaOrjvxo iv Ma- 

30 xsdovla xgus okovs firjvas, bos r\k6B ^ikimtos ix 
®gdxr\s, ndvxa xaxatfxgByjdfiBvos xdxet, i%ov if fie- 



1 00 A HM 20 E'N OT2 

gcov Ssxa, [xaXXov Si tqicov ij TSTrdgcov sis tov 
c \EXXrjS7iovTov dcpfydai, xal rd %cogia ocoaat Xa- 
66vjas tovs ogxovs nglv sxslvov l^sXslv avid,. Ov 
ydg dv jjipaz avzeov, itagovjcov ifticov, 7} ovx dv 
cdQ%i£o{i£v aviov • Ssts tijs slgqvr^s dv dt^fxagTijxsi^ 5 
xal ovx dv dfMpoisga si%s xal njv slgrjvijv xai rd 
yojgla. To piv tolvvv iv tj} ngsaSsia ngSiov, 
xXsfifia {isv *PiXi7i7tov, dcogodoxr^ua 8s tov ddlxcov 
jovicov dvdgconcov xal &sois i%Qgd)v, tolovtov sys- 
vsro • vjtsg ov xal jots xal vvv xal dsl bpoXoycd 10 
noXspsLv xal 8ia(psgsadai tovtols. 

"Ejsgov cf svQvs scpst-fjs stl tsts fisi£ov xaxsgyrj- 
fxa d-sdaaaQs. "Etcsl8j} ydg o^oXoyijas ti]v slgijvjyv 
6 &iXi7Z7tos sl-siv, 7tgoXa6cov ttjv Ogdxfjv did tov- 
tovs, ov%i nsioQsvTag tS ipco xpjffpfofiari. TtdXivlb 
(ovsizai nag avTav, ottos fir} anioaiv ix Maxsbovi- 
a$ scos dv Td zfjs OTgaTStas rijs snl tovs @coxsas 
svTgsurj TtonjoaiTO * i'va [itf, Ssvgo dnayysiXdvTov 
avzav Stl fisXXsi xal Ttagaoxsvd^STai 7togsvsodai v 
s^sXOocts v{isls xal itsgmXsv 'o avTSs Tats TgirfgsGiv 20 
sis UvXas, Ssizsg TtgoTsgov, xXsloolts tov 7iog0[idv, 
dXX dp axioms TectV dnayysXXovTov v[iiv tstcov 
xaxslvos svtos sty IIvXcov, xal [zrjdiv s%oid* vpsls 
Ttoir\oai. Ovtco 8* fjv 6 &lXlti71os sv <p66(p xal 
itoXXji dycovia, fir], xal zavTa ngosiXricpoTos ai>T0v, 25 
Ttgo tov tovs @ooxsas aTtoXsadai dxovaavTss i/^- 
(pitiaicds fioyjQsiv avTots xal sxcpvyoi toc itgdy^aTa 
ai)TOv, Ssts ndXiv yaaQovTai tov xaTaitTvdTov tov- 
tovi, ovxstl xoivij [isTa tSv dXXcov ngsadsav, aXXd 
Idia xad* avTov, Totavza ngds vj.ids sinstv xal ajzay-Qo 
yslXai, dt w dnavx dncoXsTO, ' ' A%i(o ds, a dvdgss 



c mE'P KTH2IdiJtNr02. 101 

AOrjvatot, xal diofxat, xovxo fisfivfjddai v[ias 
nag bXov xov dycova, bxi, firj xax^yogrjaavxos At- 
6%iv8 {xydiv s^oo xrs ygacpr\Si s8" av syoo koyov s8s- 
va §7toi8[iriv s'xsgov • dndaais 8* atxiais xal ftXaocp^- 
5 yiais d{ia xexov xs^gr^iEvov^ dvdyxrj xa^iol ngos 
sxaaxa xoov xaxijyogy^iivoov (iixgd dnoxgcvBGOac. 

Tivss ovv fjaav ot nagd xovxov Xoyoi xoxs gr^- 
devxss, xal 8t ovs anavx anooXsxo ; cos ov 8sl &o- 
gv6stadai xoo nageXrjlvdsvai <PiXcnnov siaco Uv- 

10 Xoov stixat ydg anav$ oda flovXsad* vfists, lav 
k'xqd* r\6v%iav, xal dxovasods 8votv i] xguov this- 
goov, oh fiiv s%6gos r\xsi cplXov avxov ysysvi^svov, 
oh 8i cpiXos xovvavxiov avxov i%0gov. Ov ydg xd 
griptaza rag oixsloxtjx as S(p7] [3e6aisv ({idXa dspvm 

15dvopd£oov), dlXd to xavxd dvfi(pegsiv • ov[i(psgsiv 
8i 0i)/i7t7tco xal 0ooxsv(jt xal vfilv Sfiocoos an ao Y, 
xr\s avaly-ioo'ias xal xrjs fiagvxijxos dnaXXayrjvac 
xr^s xoov OrfSaiGov. Tavxa 8' da^isvoos xivss TjXsov 
avxov ', 8 cd xi)v toO* vnovaav dns^dstav ngos xovs 

20 Qr}6atovs. Tt ovv 6vvs6ii [isxd xavx svdvs ', sx 
sis fiaxgdv tovs fxsv xaXainoogovs <Pooxsas dnoXs- 
adai xal xaxadxa(pr\vai xds nolsis avx&ov, vfids 
8* rj<jv%iav dyovxas xal xovxoo nsiaOsvxas, fiixgov 
vdxsgov dxsvayooyuv ix xoov dygav, xovxov 8s %gv- 

25 diov XaSstv • xal sxc ngos xsxois, xiqv fxsv dns%Qsiav 
X7JV ngos 0r]6aiovs xal OsxxaXovs xfj noise ysvs- 
adau xr\v 8s %dgiv xrjv vnsg xoov nsngayfxsvcov <Pi- 
Xlnncp. a Oxi 8* ovxoo xavx s^si^ Xsys fioi xo xs xov 
KaXXiadkvovs vj?j(pi<j£ia, xal xi\v smaxoXry xtfv xov 

30 0iXlnns^ s£ gov d^tcpoxsgoov v^Zv anavxa xavx sfcu 
(pavsgd. Asys. 



102 A HMO 2 E'NO T > t 

WH'$I2MA. 

" 'Eitl MyqaKpiXov dg%ovjog, ovyxXrrxov ixxXri- 
otag VTto ajgajiiycov yevo^tsviig^ xal ngviavsov xal 
jSovXijg yvcoiir), MaifiaxjjigiSvog Sexdirj dmovTog, 
KaXXioOsvTjs 'Etsovlxov (fiahigsvg unts. M?i8iva 5 
\AdTivaiav {MiSe^ta nagevgioei iv ijf %oga xotzaiov 
yiyvsoOat, dkX iv daret xal Usigaisi, Soot [it] iv 
zotg cpgovgioig elolv dnoTBjay^dvot. Tstcov 8* ixd- 
Giovg, rjv 7tagsla6ov id^tv, SiaTfjQSLv, ^ijrs dcpii- 
[Asgsvovias, pjzs dnoxotjsvjag. "Og^ dv djteidtfoy io 
tS yjiitpidfiaii rovifi svo%og ego roTg x?Jg ngo8oaiag 
S7tLTi{.uQi5, idv [dij it dSvvazov kniouxvvri Ttsgl iav- 
toV ov. Hsgl Si t£v ddwdicov, inixgivkTo 6 inl 
t£v SttXov aigajijyog xal 6 iitl ttJs StoiXTJasog xal 
6 yga^uaTevg jijg fiovXijs. Kajaxofii&iv 8i xal lb 
rd ix tSv dygmv ndvia T?jv Tayigiiv • rd piv ivios 
diadtov ixarov sixocnv, els dajv xal lletgaia ' rd 
di ixzos tfxadicdv ixarov si'xoctiv, elg ' Ekevatva xal 
tpvkijv xal 3 '^4(pLovav xal c PafjLvsvja, xal JSsviov. 
Eltcs Kalliadev^g &alr)QSvs." 20 

* -Ag iitl javiaig ratg iXjtitfiv ijioteiode ttjv slgtf- 
viiv, 7) ravr imiyysiXad* vfitv oviog 6 fiioOojog ; 
Xiys 8* av t^v ijzis'ohjv, i\v 8zvg sizz^s <PiXi7Utog 

'En iz to A 11 <i> 1 A til nor. 25 

" BaoiXevg Maxs8ovov 0tXiTC7tog, ^ AQiivaiov irj 
ftovXrj xal to 8tf{Ao, %aigsiv. "lefts thiols nage- 
hiXvddras slgco HvXov, xal id xazd ttjv 0oxi8a 
vep savrovg Ttsjiotrifiivovg' xal 60a p,iv ixovoicog 
TigogsTidsjo top nokiOfidiov, (pgsgdg slgayrjOftOTag • 30 
id 8i [it] VTtaxovovja, xazd xgd*Tog Xa66vT€S xal 



c riJEP KT112IrI>l£NT0Z. 103 

i%av8ga7todi,(jd[.i£VQL xaisaxdipapiev. ^Axovcov Si 
xal v^ids Tzagatfxsvd&odai fioijOsiv avTois,yiygacpa 
vfuv, iva fnj tzXuov svo%kiyjds nsgl tovtcqv. Tots 
[lev ydg oXois, sSiv uijgiov pot Soxelts tioieZv, ti\v 
5£igrfv7(V tivvdifisvoi, xal Quotas avTutagE^dyovTES' 
xal javja, ovSi av^iXEgiEtlT^i^Evcov tSv (Poxecjv iv 
rat? xoivaXs i^6v avvQijxais. a SIste idv [iij ipfii- 
vijte tols cbfioXoyj^iivois, ovSiv ngoTEgifesTE st-co ts 
icpdaxsvat dSixovvTSs" 

10 Axovete^ 6s tfacpcos SyXoi xal Swgi&iai iv zrj 
rtgos v[xds imfjioXj} 7tgos tovs iavzov av^td^ovs, 
on " TavT iyd UEUoirixa dxovTcov 'AOyvaicov xal 
kvjispivav • Sst SLTisg ev (pgovstzE, & Oyfiatoi xal 
OsTiahol, tovtovs fiiv i%0govs v7zofo]ip£6d£, ifiol Si 

15 7ZLGTSV66TS'" ov tstgls rots grjfiacii ygdvjas, javza 
Si fiovXo^isvos Seixvvvai. Toiyagovv ix tovtcov 
&XSTO ixuvovs XaSav els to [mjSotlovv ngoogdv 
tcov psTa ravia ^S^ aloddvEcdai, dkfc idaai ndv- 
ja xa TTgd/^ar ixuvov v(p iavrS Ttoirjaactdac. 

20 '-E£ &v Tatg Ttagovoacs dvfxcpogais ol TaXaiTzagot 
QijSaioi xs%gijvTai. Z Q Si Tavujs zrjs tilotecos av~ 
tS dwegyos xal GvvaymviGTrfi, xal 6 Ssvg D ditayyu- 
Aas Tec vjevSi] xal (pEvaxtaas vfids, ovtos itiTiv 6 rot 
0rj6ai€QV oSvgopsvos vvv itdQij xal Su^tcov 6s 

25 olxrgd ' xal tovtov xal t6v iv <&ax£V6i xaxav 
xal oa dXka TtznovQaaiv ol "Elhjvss, dnavTcov 
avxos 6v aircos. ArjXov ydg on, av piv dXyus 
iitl tois oiv[ji6£6fix6(jLv, AiG%[v7j, xal tovs Sij6aiovs 
eXeels, XTr^iaT e%cqv iv tt} BoicoTia, xal yscogycov 

30 Ta ixscvcov iyco Si %aigcd, os evOvs i^qTovfiTjv vno 
tov Tcttrra Tigd^avTos. "Akkd ydg i^n iuj coxa els 



1 04 A II MO 2 L'NO T 2 

Xoyovs, ovs avxixa fidXXov dgfioaet Xeyeiv tdcos ° 
inaveific Srj ndktv inl xds anoSsL^sis, cos tcc xovxcov 
ScogoSoxi^iaxa xal dStxq^axa, xcov vvvl nagovxcov 
ngayfidxcov yeyovev aixia. 

^EneiSij ydg i^ndx^ade fiiv v^ceis vno tov <Pl- 5 
Xtnnov Sid xovxcov, xcov iv Tats ngeo6etats piddco- 
odvxcov eavxovs xal ovSiv dhjdis vjiiv dnayyet- 
Xdvxcov, it-rjndxyvxo Si oi xaXatncogot &coxets xal 
dvjjgjjVTo at noXets avxSv, xi iyevexo ; ot piv 
xaTanTvaxoi OsTtaXol xal dvatodijxoi 07]6atot, 10 
cpiXov evsgyexriv ocoTr ( ga tov 0tXmnov v { yovvxo, 
Ttdvx ixetvos rjv avxots, xal ovSi cpcovr\v i\xovov, 
el XLS dXXo xc (SovXotxo Xeyetv. c Y[ieis Si vcpogco- 
[xevot xd nengayfiiva xal Svs%egatvovxes ijyexe 
Tiqv eig-qvijv Sfxcos (s ydg i)v o xi av inotetTe ^iovoi), 15 
xal oi dXXoi Si "EXXyves, b^toicos vfdv necpevaxt- 
Ofiivoi xal diyjixagxijxoxes cov fantoav, i\yov xrjv 
elgi]V7jv doftevot, xal avxol Tgonov xivd ix noXXov 
noXsfiovftevot. "Oxs ydg negdcov 6 <PiXinnos, IX- 
Xvgtovs xal TgtSaXXss, xivds Si xal tcov 'EXXrj-20 
vcov xaxeoxgeqpexo, xal Svvdptets noXXds xai fieyd- 
Aa? inotetxo vcp eavxco, xal xtves xcov ix xcov noXe- 
cov inl Tjj jr\s etgTJvris i^ovdta jSadt^ovxss exetae 
StecpOeigovxo, cbv sis ovxos rjv, toxb ndvxes, iq? ovs 
ravxa nageaxevd&xo ixetvos, eno?>e[xovvTo • el Si 25 
[itf yaOdvovTO, exegos Xoyos ovxos, ov ngos ifie. 
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nag iffxtv del, xal onoi ne^KpQehjv • at Si noXets 
ivotfovv, xcov fiiv iv xS noXixeveaOac xal ngdxxeiv 
ScogoSoxovvxcov xal Siacpdeigo^ievcov inl %g?j[iaot,3Q 
tcov Si ISicoxcov xal noXXcov, rd ^tiv s ngoogco[A,evcov, 



c TIIE X P K Til 2 1 STN TO 2. 105 

rd Si tj7 xad* 'fjfjtsgav gaGTavrf xal 6%oki} SsXsa'Co- 
[isvcov, xal toiovtov tl TtdOog Ttsitovdoxcov dnavTav, 
nXrjv ovx scp* savrovg oio^isvcov sxdoTcov to Sslvov 
fj!-siv, dXXd did tcov hsgcov xlvSvvcov rd savTow 
5 docpaXag dyqdSLv v7toXa[i6av6vT0V^ biav fislavjcu. 
Elt\ olpai, Gv[x6s6r}xs rots fiiv izhydstiLv, dvrl Trjs 
7toXXrjg xal dxaigov gaQvpiag tijv sXsvOsglav dno~ 
XaXsxsvai, Toig Si 7tgosar^x6ai, xal xaXka nfajv 
iavrovs oiopsvoLg ncoXsiv, rcgcoTOvg iavrovs itsnga- 

10 x6(jcv jjtidfjaOac dvxl ydg (pikcov xal l-svav, d tots 
avo(id£ovTO ijvexa sScogoSoxovv, vvv xokaxsg xal 
ftsolg i%6goi xal raXXa d ngogjjxsL 7zdvza dxssdiv. 
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Gv[Mpigov £t]tg)v, xgrtfjiaTa avaXitixsL, ovS' ivtsiSdv 

15 (ov dv itgi7\Tai xvgtos ykvqrai, tS TtgoSozrj av^iGsXcp 
nsgl t£v Xoirtcov sxi %giJTai' ovSiv ydg tjv dv sv- 
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Sdv r&v ngayLiaTcov syxgarrjg b Ztjtcov dgysLv xa- 

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rrjv Si Ttov^glav slSag, tots Stf tots xal [iidst xal 
dniGTSi xal ngoitrikaxiCsi. 2Jxo71slts Si • xal ydg, 
si TtagsXyjlvdsv b rav Ttgay{idTG)v xaigos, b tov ys 
siSivai tog zoiavra xatgos dsl ndgsciTt rots sv (pgo- 

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{PiXl7T7Cov, sag TtgovSoxsv "OXvvdov {isygi tovtov 
Tipolaog, sag anaXsas OijSag • Lis%gi tovtov EvSl- 
xog xal 2Ji[Aog, ol Aagtatiaioi, sag SsTTaXiav vnd 
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14 



100 jhmozoe'notz 

iv 2!ixvSvl i xal tc UsgiXaog iv Msydgoig $ ovx 
drtEggmiisvoi ; i% &v xal tiacpstiTax av Tig i'8oi, oil 

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ugodi8ovtii xal futidagvovtii, to sysiv icp orcp dago- 5 
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vfjisis idTS timot xal s^itidoi, ijzsl did ys v^idg av- 
tovs, ndXai av dizolcoXsiTE. 

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noXXd Xiysiv, xal Tavd* r^yovfiai tcXsio tSv ixavSv 
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fjiov Tijs TtovTigias ttJs iavTov xal tSv ddtxrjpdTav 
xaxatixsddaag, ?jv dvayxaiov tfv ngog Tsg vsoTsgsg 
tSv nsitgay^isvov djtoXvtiatidai. Jlagr^va^X^tids 15 
8s xal vfieis itiag 01, xal Ttglv ipi oxiovv shtsiv, 
sl8oTsg xrjv tovtov tots (UtiQagviav • xahoi (piXiav 
tb xal '%svia»v avxijv ovopid^si, xal vvv sins rcov Xs- 
ycov ' " c Oi^V J AXs%dv8gov %sviav 6vsi8i'C(ov i^iot." 
' ' Eyh dot Review 'AXs%dv8gov ; nodsv Xa&ovTi, 7)20 
TtSg dJ-iadivTi j ovts &iki7t7tov £svov, ovt °AXs^dv- 
8gov (p'ikov eiTtoip av iy® tis * ov% ovtco fiaivo/iai ■ 
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El 8° dmtiisig, ig&TTjtiov avTOvs • [idXXov 8° iyco 
tovO* vitsg tiov 7toirjtia). HoTsgov v^iiv, co dv8gsg 
'AOr^vaioi^ [AiaOcoTos Aiti^ivrig, -q %svog slvai °AXs- 30 
%dv8gov doxsi ; dxovsts a ksyovdt ; 



'rntfp kth2i®j£ntoi:. 10? 

Bovkofiat Toivvv r^hj xal nsgl Trjs ygacpijs avTrjs 
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t6 ' iva, xainsg sides? Ala^tvijg, ofdoog dxovarf §i a 
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b[ASi£6vav sti Tsicov dcogsoov, aixaiog stvat Tvy%dvstv. 
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FPA<PIl'. 

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o at Jri{iQ<jd£in]v Aijftoadivovg Ilatavisa ygvoco 
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xal 7tg6dv{i6$ icfTi noisZv, o ti dv dvvijTat dyadov • 
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vopcov ovx ieovToov. TtgSzov piv ipsvdsZg ygacpdg slg 
rd Sy^odta ygdfifiaza xaT aft dlXsaOai, sfaa tov 

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sv too ftovXsvT^giGo dvsnisZv \ idv Si r/ ttoXls, sv 

30 IIvvxl, iv Tjj ixxh\<jia. Tiuiftia, TakavTa tcsvtt^ 
xovTa. KXrJTogss, K^cptdocpSv KqcptefocpoovTog 
'PapvovciLos, Klscov Kkscovog KodooxiSip" 



108 J HMO 20 E'N OT2 

n A piv 8icoxsi tov tp?](ptcf[j,aTGs, co avdges AQy\- 
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tcov y£yga[i[A£vcov rdi-iv, nsgl ndvTcov igco xad* sxa-5 
gov i(f£J-ijsi xal s8iv ixcov nagaXsitpo. Ts [isv sv 
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110 JHMO2 0£fNOry 

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C TIIE*P KlHZIftfLNTOZ. Ill 

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c tiie*p kth2I<i>s£nto2. 117 

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16 



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is dneXetcpdij ov Svvafiivr] dvdysGQac. Kacxoi xa- 
xd xovs ngoxigovs vofiovs dnavxa xavx iylyvsxo. 
To & atxtov iv xols nkvijatv ?jv, xco Xuxovgyuv pi} 

lodvvaadat • itoXXd 8rj xd dSvvaxa ovvs6acvev. 'Eyco 
8° ix tcqv dnogcov sis xovs svnogovs fjtexrjvsyxa xds 
xgajgagyias • ndvx ovv xd diovxa iylyvsxo. 

Kal prjv, xal xax avxo xovx* dtjios slpi iitaivov 
xvyslv, oxi ndvxa xd xotavxa Ttgoqgovfijjv noXixsv- 

20paxa, dcp gov d[xa dot-ac, xal xipal, xal dwdpsts 
dvvsSaivov xj} noXsi ' fidoxavov Si xal mxgov xal 
xaxoydss ovSsv idxc noXtxsvpa ipov, ovdi xansivov, 
ovdi xi}s noXscos dvdt-iov. Tavxo xocvvv jjdos s%cov 
sv xs xols xaxd xt}v itoXcv TtoXcxsvfxaot xal iv iocs 

2b EXXrfvcxols (pavyjtiofiai. Ovxe ydg iv xjj 7t6Xsc, 
xds Ttagd xcov tcXovg'ccov %dgcxas pdXXov r\ xd xcov 
noXXcov Scxaia slXopijv • ovx iv xols ' EXX-qvcxols, 
xd 0iXi7titov Saga xal xt}v t-sviav jjydmjGa, dvxl 
xcov xoLvfj Ttdot xols "EXXtjgii (jv^icpsgovxcov. 

30 c Hyovfxat xocvvv lontov sivac fioi rcegl xov xr\- 
gvy(xaios etTtscv xal xcov svQvvcov. To ydg cos xd 



126 JHMOZOE'NOTS 

dgidxa ts sngaTTOv, xal did navTos svvovs sl[xl xal 
ngodvpos sv noisiv v^ias, IxavSs sx tcov sigrnisvcov 
dsdyXcoctOai [ioi vofxi^co. Kahoi rd [AsyidTa ys tcov 
nsnoXiTSv^isvcov xal nsngay^isvcov £[iavT(d nagaksi- 
tcco, vnola^Sdvcov ngcoTov [asv, ifs^rjs tovs nsglb 
avTOv tov nagavopov Xoyovs dnodovvai [xs dstv ' 
scia, xav fiqdiv sinco nsgl tcov Xoincov noXiTSvpd- 
tcov, biotas nag vfxmv sxdoTov to avvsidos vndg- 

%EIV [AOl. 

Tcov [jlsv ovv Xoycov, ovs ovtos dvco xal xaTco dia- 10 
xvxcov sXsys nsgl tcov nagaysyga^svcov vofxcov, 

#T£, [id T8S &E0VS, 0L[A,CU Vftds [lavOaVSlV, OVT CtVTOS 

wdwdpriv dvvsivai tovs noXXovs. ' AnXcos 8s Tr\v 
6g0i]v odov 7tegl tcov hixaicov diaXs^o^iai. 

Tooovtov ydg dsco Xsysiv, cos ovx sipl vnsvdv- 15 
vos (8 vvv ovtos noXXdxis SiiSaXXs xal dicogi&To) , 
SsO* ajtavTa tov fiiov vnsvdvvos slvai b[ioXoyco, cov 
73 3iaxs%sigixa rj nsnoXiTSvixai nag vpiv • cov [isv- 
Tot y ex Tr\s ideas ovaias inayysiXdfxsvos dsdeoxa 
tco dTJpcp, ovdspiav ij^isgav vnsvdvvos sivai (pr^ii • 20 
dxovs ts, -Ai<j%iv7) , ovds dXXov ovdsva, ovS* dv tcov 
Ivvka dg%6vTcov tis cov Tv%y. Tis ydg 1st vopos tq- 
davTTfS ddixias xal [MtfavOgconias fjtsdTos, costs tov 
dovTa tl tcov idicov, xal noir\oavTa ngdyfia cpiXdv- 
&gconov xal (piXodcogov, tf\$ %dgiTOS fxsv dnodTS-26 
gsiv, sis ds tovs ctvxocpdvTas dysiv, xal tovtovs snl 
rots svdvvas cov sdcoxsv scpidTavai ; ovds sis dr\nov. 
Ei ds q)7}(jiv ovtos, dsii-aTco, xciyco s'sgt-co xal aiconrj- 
aopai. AXX ovx sotiv, cb dvdgss Adijvaioi. 
AXX stos tivxocpavTcov, oTi, snl Tm 3'scogixco tots cov,20 
insdeoxa rot ^g^aTa, " 3 Enjjvsdsv amov ((pjjaiiv) 



*rnE y p kth2i<pj£nt0 2!. 127 

7j f&8k% VTtSvQvVOV OVTOL." Ov 7ZSQL Z8ZC0V fS OvSs- 

vog, cov vrcsvOvvog i\v, akX icp oig irtsdcoxa, 3 ctvxo- 
cpdvza. " °Alkd xal zsi%oitoiog rjadd" cpr^ai. Kal 
dt avzo ys tst ogdcog l7r#iWpp, ozi zd dvrfXcofisva 
binsdaxa, xal sx iXoyi^o^v. c [jtiv ydg Xoyi<y[i6g, 
svdvvcov xal tcqv igszadovzcov ngogdsizai ■ ^ di da- 
gsd, %dgizog xal iitaivov dixaia idzl zvy%dvsiv. 
Aionsg zavz hygaipsv 681 rcsgl ifiov. 

"Ozi di zavd* ovzag sftsi, xa ^ °^ f^ovoy iv zoig 

10 vopoig, dXXd xal iv zoig r^iszigoig jjdsdiv agicfzai, 
iya gadlag 7toXXa%60sv dsi^a. Ugazov [iiv ydg 
JVavcfixkrjg fgairjyav, icp olg duo zav Idiav ngosizo, 
nolXdxig isscpdvazai vcp vpcov. Effl otl ids acmi- 
dag zfiozipog sdaxs, xal itdXiv Xagidrfpog, idzscpa- 

Xbvovvzo. Eld* ovzog Nsonzolspog, noXXav sgyav 
inisazy\g ©V, icp oh iizsdaxs, zsTifxrjzai. 2%szXiov 
ydg dv sty zovzo ys, si za ziva dg%tfv ag%ovzi, ij 
didovai id savzs zjj itolsi Bid ziqv dg%qv [irj il-is'au 
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128 JHM020E'N0T2 

ddoSoTijdat tovs oTtA/ras, ix Tip idea? ova tag e8co- 
xe, xal ovx eiseitga^e tov 8yj[iov. xal dvayogevaai 
tov axecpavov Aiovvdioig^ Tgayco8ois XOUVOLS." 
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tcov iTtTtiav, iv tjj em tov noTa^ioH [id%j} tcov tirga- 
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da (jTecpdvcp, xal dvayogevdai Ilavad^vaLOts tois 
{leydXois iv tco yvfivixco dycovi, xal Aiovvdiois, Tga- 
ycodois xaivots' Tip Si dvayogevoecos imfjtetydrjvaL 15 
&e<j[xodiTas, TtgvTavets, dycovoOeTas" 

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vjtevdvvos ?)v, icp oh 8* izecpavsTo, ov% vjtevdvvos ■ 
ovxovv ov8 y iyco • Tcctra ydg 8ixaid idTi pot negl 
tcov avtcov tois aXlois Sr^jts. ' EiteScoxa^ xal ijtai-20 
vovpat Std za^Toc, ovx cov vjtevdvvos civ iiteScoxa * 
y\g%ov, xal SeScoxd ye evQvvas ixeivcov, ov% cov ine- 
dcoxa, V7] Ala. J AXX dSixcos ijg^a ; eha jtagcov, oTe 
fie elsijyov ol XoyiGTai, 8id xi ov xaTqyogeis ; 

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W if & I H 'M A. 30 

" Em ag%ovTos Evdvxkess, Hvavevjicovos ivvdxri 



C TT1JS X P KTH2I<I>l£NT02. 129 

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130 jhmosoe'notz 

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c TnE'P KTH2I<l>Ji]XT0Z. 131 

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132 jhmozoe'notz 

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itsgl avxov toiovtov ov8sv, dXXd xav hsgov Xsyov- 10 
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dxovovias dXyetv noislv oxav XsycoGiv, s to 8oxsiv 
tolovtois ilvai usgisGxiv. 

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134 AIIM020IZN0T2 

(and irjs avT<Y}$ dyvocas, dcp rjsTteg noXXd TtgotedOe 
zcov xoivav) , as ngoeiXedde xdxeivy\v xal xvgiav xs 
Ttgdy\iaTOs enoir^daTe, tovtov pev evdvs drcqXadev 
as rtgodoTifv, 'Yitegidrjv de "keyeiv*ngoseTa%e % xal 
Tavza dizo tov fiapov cpegovda Tiqv ipfjcpov engage, 5 
xal ovSepia tpijyos 7Jve%07} tS piagco tovtco. Kal 
otl ravz dkriOij Xeya, xakei pot tovtov tovs jxdg- 
Tvgas. 

M1PTTPE2. 

" MagTvgovdt JfjfiodOeveL vneg dndvTav otSe ' 10 
KaKkias 2Jovvcevs, Zijvav <&Xvevs, Kkeav 0ahf\- 
gevs, Jt^iovlxos MagaQavLos, otl tov drfpov noTe 
%eigoTOvrfdavTos Aid%Lvyiv ovvdixov vneg tov legov 
tov ev Ar(ka els tovs * ApcpLXTvovas, dvvedgevdav- 
T£s r^iels exgiva^iev e Ynegtdrjv d^tov elvat fxaXXov 15 
vneg Trjs noleas Xeyeiv xal dnedTdhf\ 'Ynegidris" 

Ovxovv oTe , tovtov [teXlovTos Xeyew, dnijkadev 
avTov i\ fiovXtf xal ngosha^ev hega, TOTe xal ngo- 
8ot7]v elvat xal xaxovovv v^ilv dnecpjjvev. "Ev [iev 

TOLVVV T8T0 TOLOVTO 7toXlT£V[Aa T8 VeaVLOV TOVTOV, 20 

opoLov ye {ov ydg ;) ols 1[lov xaT7\yogel' hegov 8i 
dva[U[jivrfc>xecOe. 

c 'Ot£ ydg Ilvdava &lfannos enepvje tov Bvldv- 
tiov, xal Ttagd tSv avTov dvpfidgav dndvTav dvve- 
7te[jiipe TtgedSets, as ev aid%yvg noLijdav t^V nofav25 
xal deigav ddexovdav, tot iya [iev tS IIvOavL &ga- 
dvvo\aeva xal nolla geovTi xad° vpav, ovx el%a 
sd Y vne%agj}da, dXX oh/a<?Tocs dvTelnov, xal zee tt^s 
nokeas Stxata ov%l ngsSaxa, dXX ddixovvTa $?i- 
ktnnov e^key^a (pavegas ovtcos, asze tovs exeivov 30 
dv(jL(xdxovs avzovs dvidTapivovs b^ioXoyelv * oStos 



C TIIE'P KTH2I&SLNT02. 135 

8s tivvrjyovL&TO, xal id svavTta ifiagxvgsi Ttj naxgi- 
81, xal Tavxa, vjsv8ij. Kal sx ans^gii Tcci/za, dXkd 
xal TtdXiv {leid ravd* vcfTsgov * Ava^Lvcp za xaza- 
(jxotzco ctvvicov sis itfv Ogdticovos olxiav sl-qcpdri. 

5 KatTOL OSTLS TW VltO TCOV TtolSfJLtCOV 7TS[A,(pOsVTl fXOVOS 

[lovcp avvysL xal sxotvoXoystTo, ovtos avTos V7trjg%s 
jfj cpvctsi xardaxoTtos xal 7toXs[juos zjj TtargiSi* 
Kal ort tcciV dXTfOrj Xsyco, xaksi [aol tovtcov tovs 
[xdgTvgas. 

10 MJlPTTPEZ. 

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Nix6[ia%os Jw(pdvTov, fiagivgovGi /Jrnioddsvsi, xal 
STtco^iodavTO ini tcov 6TgaT7}ycov, eldivai Al<j%ivr(V 
' \Axgo\ir]zs Kodcoxt8^v c>vvsg%6fjisvov vvxtos sis Tiqv 

15 Sgddcovos oixcav, xal xoivoXoyovpsvov 'Avat-cvcp, 
os ixgldrf slvat xaTVMxoitos itaga Qikinnov. jLv- 
xat drcsdod^aav at fiagzvgiai snl Nixiov, c JExa~ 
TO(i6aicovos TgiTji IdTafisvov." 

Mvgia Tolvvv STsg shtslv s%cov nsgl avrov, na- 

20 gaksinco ' xal ydg ovtco tccos s%si ' noXkd y syco 
vvv sic tovtov s%ot[iL 8si£ac, Sl cov ovtos hcct sxsi- 
vovs tovs %govovs, tois [isv s%0gois v7tr}gSTcov, spot 
8° smygsdZcov svgsdr} • dXX s TidsTac ravra nag' vpiv 
sis dxgidij [xvifarfv, ov8* ijv Ttgosrjxsv ogytjv • dXXd 

25 8s8coxaTS (sdsi tlvI cpavXco) noXXiqv it-sdiav tco fts- 
Xofxsvcp tov XsyovTa tl tcov vfitv ovpcpsgovTcov vtco- 
dxsXi^stv xal GvxocpavTSLv, ttjs snl Tals Xot8ogiais 
fjSovijs xal %dgLTOs, to Ttjs itoXscos dv[i(psgov dv- 
TaXXaTTOfisvoi, Aionsg gclov sdTi xal dacpaXss'sgov 

30 «ft tois s%6gois vnrigsTovvTa [iicidagvsiv, -q ttjv 
vnsg v[xcov skofjLsvov Tat-iv noXiTSvsddai. 



136 JHMOSOE'NOrZ 

Kal to fisv Si] ngo ts 7ZoXs[islv, cpavsgcos avvayco- 
vi&adcu <Piki7t7tG>, deivov (jlsv, co yrj xal &eoi, (ncos 
ydg ov y) xaid tt\s Tiazgidos. Aotb Si, el (SbXegOs, 
Sots avzco tsto - dXX ETtsih] cpavsgcos ijfrq t& nXota 
sgsgvXtjto, Xsggovqcios §7Zog6siTQ, ivtl tijv \ 'Atti-5 
xrjv §7togsv£T avOgconos, ovxst iv dpicp lsSijtijo if ico 
zd ngdypaTa v\v, aXX ivsis'fjxst tzoXs^aos • tl fjciv 
ovv tot sitga^sv vitsg v^icov 6 ftdaxavos ovtogI 
ia^iSsioygdcpos ovx dv s%oi dsi^ai • ovd^ sGitv ovts 
[isi'Cov ovt skarrov tprjcpiGfia ov8sv Aitiyivq nsgllQ 
tcov Gv^cpsgovTcov tj} TtoXst. El 8 s cpTjdi, vvv 8si%d- 
tco ml tS ifiS vdaTi. ' AXX* sx s?iv s8sv. Kafaoi, 
dvotv avTov d,vdyxri ffaTsgov, ?j [a,7]8ev tois ngaTTO- 
lisvois vit iftov tot s%ovTa iyxaXsiv. (at) ygdcpsiv 
nagd tolvO^ ETsga, ?j to tcov s%dgcov Gv{icpsgov £77-15 

TOVVTO,, [17} CpSgSLV SIS [ISClOV TOO TOVTCOV dflELVCO. 

r Ag ovv ov8s s'Xsysv, cosnsg ov8s sygacpsv, 7\vixa 
igydtiacidai ti 8soi xaxov vftds ; sfisvovv irv shtslv 
hsgcp. 

Kal tcc [xsv dXXa xal cpsgsiv ri8vvaT0 (cos soixsv) 20 
if tioXls, a noicov stos sXdvdavsv • IV d* sTCs^sigya- 
tfccro, co dv8gss Adirvaioi, tolovtov, o jcddc tois 
TtgoTsgois STcidqxs tsXos * Ttsgl ov tovs noXXovs 
dvdXcotfs Xoyovs, zd tcov ^AficpiGdscov tcov Aoxgcov 
Sls^lcov 8oy[iaTa, cos diaGTgiipcov TdXfjdis • to 8* ov 25 
tolovtov sgtl ' tcqQsv ; * itoXXov ys xal 8st Ov8s- 
noT ixvLyjzf ov Taxst nsitgay^xeva GavToo • 8% Stco 
noXXd igsts. KaXco S* ivavTtov vucov, eb dvSgss 
AOrjvatoi, tovs ftess azrai/Ta? xal nddas, oaoc T-qv 
%cogav h^ovdi rqv y Attixt}v, xal tov * AitoXXco tov 30 
UvOiov, os TtaTgopos Igti tj} noXsi, xal s7t£v%opai 



'TIIE'P KTH2I<t>l£NT02. 137 

7td(jt tstols, si fisv alrjdij ngos vfias £i7tai[ii, xal 

SlTtOV TOT SvOvS iv TCO drjflCO, OTS 7TQCQT0V SidoV TOV- 

Tovl tov fiiagov tovtov tov ngdyfiaTOs aitTOfisvov 
(syvcov ydg, svdscos syvcov) • svTv%iav fiot dovvai 
5 xal (jCdTTjgiav • s i ds ngos s%Ogav 7} cpiXovsixias ide- 
as svsxa< ahiav indyco tovtco vjsvdrj, itavTcov tcov 
dyadcov dvoviiTov fis itoifftiai. Ti ovv tolvt lnr\- 
gafiai, xal diexeivdfnffv ovxcoal depodgcos ; oti xal 
ygdfifiaz s%cov iv tco diffiodtcp xsifisva, i% cov 
lOravr inidsl^co daepcos, xal vfias sidcos tcc nsngayfis- 
va uvrffiovsvovx as, ixstvo cpoSsifiai, fir} tov sigya- 
dfisvcov avTco xaxcov 8Tos iXaTTcov vTtoXrfcpdjj * onsg 
TtgoTegov dvvs6rf, ots tovs Tokatncogovs @coxsas 
inouidsv ditoXstiOai, zd vjsvdij dsvg° dnayysikas. 

15 Tov ydg iv ^Aficpiddxf noXsfiov, dt ov sis ^Ekdzstav 
fjlds Qikutnos, xal di ov fjgeOff zcov *Afitpwzv6va>v 
rfysficov, os duavT dvsTgsvjs Ta tcov Q Elh)vcov, stos 
itiTiv 6 tivyxaTatixsvdtias, xal itavTcov sis dvrjg tcov 
fisyidTcov aiTtos xaxcov. Kal tot svdvs ifiov dia- 

20 fiagivgofisvov xal ftocovTOS iv ttj ixxlrftiia ' " Ho- 
Xsfiov sis ztfv 'Attixtjv dysis, Ai(j%ivif, noksfiov 
AficptxTvovixov •" oi fisv ix TtagaxXrfdscos dvyxadij- 
fisvoi ovx sicov ps ksysiv, ot ds idavfia&v, xal 
xsvtfv ahtav Std tt]v id lav s%Ogav indysiv fis vne- 

25?.du6avov avTco. a Hzis ds if cpvdis, co dvdgss 'AOtf- 
valoi, ysyovs tovtov tcov itgayudzcov, xal zivos 
stvsxa zavTa dvvsdxsvddOif, xal ncos s7Zgd%Qrf, vvv 
dxovtiaxs, iitsidrf tots ixcoXvOiyzs. Kal ydg sv* 
ngdyfia dvvTsOsv ovjsoQs, xal fisydka cocpefajaeode 

30 Ttgos idTogiav tcov xoivcov • xal Stiff dsivoTtfs rfv iv 
too &i}.i7t7tG>, ftsadaads. 
18 



138 jhmozoe'notz 

Ovx ijv ts ngog ifids noXsus nigag a# 3 dnaXXa- 
yil <PiXlnncp« si py] Oij&aiovg xai 0£TTaXovg i%6gsg 
7toi-q<j£i£ jjj noXsi ' dXXd, xaiTtsg ddXicog xai xaxm 
tcov ajgajiiycov tSv vfinigcov noX£ i uovvTcov avTco, 
o^icog viz avTOv tov noXifiov xai tcov XqdTcov [ivqia 5 
£7taa%£ xaxd. Gilts ydg i§?jy£TO tcov ix rijg %cogag 
yiyvopisvcov ovdiv, ovt stgrjysTO^ cov iSsiro, avTco' 
ijv Si ovts iv tj) ■d'aXaxTt) xguTTcov tots vfxcov, ovt£ 
slg vrjv ' ' Attixt\v iXdsiv SvvaTog, ^uy\t£ ®£TTaXcov 
d,xoXsdsvTcov, firjis Oijoaicov SiCivTcov. 2Jvvi6aivs 10 
d' aviS, tS noXifico xgaxsvTi isg onotsg fafaoO* v[i£ig 
£^£7t£[si7t£i£ (jTgaTijyovg (ico ydg tovto y£), avzfj Tjj 
cpvctsi tov TQTtov xai tcov vnag%6vTcov ixazigotg^ 
xaxonaOuv. El piv hv Tijg IBias £V£X£v £%6gag, iq 
Tovg 0£iTaXovg ij Tovg Oij&aiovg av^nteidoi ^aSc- 15 
%£iv if vfidg, ovSiv dv qystro ngogi^stv amco tov 
vovv ■ dv Si rds ixuvcov xoivdg ngocpd<j£ig Xa6cov, 
?]y£ficov aiQ£6fj, gaov i)X7u££, xd ^tiv nagaxgovct£- 
adai, tcc Si nuauv. Ti ovv im%sig£t ; ftsdaaads 
cog £v - noXs^iov 7ZQi7j$ai Totg ^A^icpixTvoai, xai 7t£gi 20 
Trjv IlvXaiav Taga%rjv • £ ig ydg xavx svdvs avxovg 
v7t£Xdfi6av£v avxs derjasodat* El {xiv xoivvv xsxov 
rj tcov nag iavxs n£ i anofisvcov hgopvij^ovcov r\ tcov 
ix£tv8 Gvfifidgcov slsTiyuTo T£?, vn6vj£adai to ngay- 
{ia iv6pi%£ xai xovg OrtSaiovs xai xovg 0£xxaXovg,2& 
xai itdvTag cpvXd^adat' dv & *AQi\valog $, xai 
nag vficov xdv vn£vavxicov 6 tovto noicov, £vn6gcog 
Xi\(j£iv ' 07i£g avvsSr). Urn ovv xavx* inot7i(j£ ; 
{iitidovTai tovtovL Ovdsvos Si 7zgo£iSo f Tog, oi^ai^ 
to rtgay{La, sSi tpvXdiTOVTOs (cogn£g £tcod£ xa Toiav- so 
xa nag v^ilv ytyvsadai), ngo6X?idsig UvXayogag 



*mE'P KTH2I&SHNT02. 139 

ovTog, xal Tgiav i\ TSTzdgav % stg ot ovr\ 6 dvTcov av- 
tov, dvEggijdrf. c J2g 8e to rrjs itoXsog d^ioofia Xa6cov. 
dcplxsTO stg res *^4{A,(pixTvovas, Ttdvxa tolXX depth 
xal 7zagi8oov, Inkgaivsv iq) olg ifiictQaOi]. Kal 16- 
5yovg £V7tgosG)7T8s xal [ivOdvs, odav if Kiggaia %caga 
xadiegaOifc dvvdelg xal Sist-sXdeov, dvOgamovg dnei- 
govg Xoyav, xal to fiiXXov ov TtgoogcQ[iEvovg, Tovg 
isgoftvtffiovag, 7i£t6sc ipijcpiaaaQai nsgielduv Tijv 
%agav, i\v ot [liv ° A fx(pt(j a eig depcov avicov ovaav 

10 yecogystv ecpaoav, omog 8e Tijg tsgdg %agag finaio 
Eivai ' sdsfiiav 8txijv tcjv Aoxgcov InayovTav ij^ilv^ 
ov8* a vvv otiiog ngocpadi'CsTai, Xsyav ovx dfayOfj. 
Fvg)6eoQe <T sxeWev * ovx ivrjv, dvev tov ngosxa- 
ksaaadat fofaov^ Totg Aoxgolg 8ixi^v xazd Ti^g tzo- 

15 Xeag dwreXsaaaOai • tls hv exXiJtevgsv vpas ; duo 
no tag dgy^g ; eltzs tov Et8oTa, Sut-ov. ' " AXX ovx 
dv s%ois ' dXld xevf] ngocpdtisi TavTZ] xaT£%ga xal 
ijjsvdet. 

UsgtiovTcov tolvvv ti]v %6gav tcov *A{icpiXTv6vcov, 

20fcOCTCC T7JV V(p7fP]()tV Tl\v TOVTOV, TtgOgitEOOVTEg 01 

Aoxgolg [tixgov fi£v duavzag xo.TijxovTLCav, Tivdg di 
xal ovvijgjiadav tcov ugo^vi^ovoov. Q Jlg 8' cc7rcc| ix 
tstcov iyx?,v ( [iaTa xal TtoXefiog ngog T8g ^l{icpLC6£ig 
iTagd%drj, to [iev ngcoTov 6 KoTTvcpog avTcov tcov 

25 ' \A[MpLXTv6vcov ijyays CTgaTidv cog 8i ot fiiv ovx 
rjXQov, ot 8* e/S6vxe9 ov8sv Inoiovv^ sig tt(v etclov- 
aav IlvXaiav ijtl tov &ilnt7tov svdvg tfys^ova iiyov 
oi xaT ecxev ad fisvot xal ndXat Tzovygol tcov OsTTa- 
Xcov xal tcov iv Tatg dlXaig nolEdi, xal icgocpdascg 

30 BvXoyovg EtfojcpEdav - tf ydg avzovg slgfigeiv xal 
%ivovg Tgi(f£iv hepaoav 8etVj xal fypiovv Tovg fin 



140 A HMO 2 E'NO T2 

zavia noiovvxas, rj ixeZvov aigeTaOai. Ti 8et id 
noXXd liyetv ; ygidij ydg ix zovzov rjyepav xal 
fxezd zavt evOvs, Svvafitv avlki^as, xal nageldcjv 
cos ijtl zijv Kiggalav, iggSadai cpgdaas noD.d xal 
Ktggalois xal AoxgoZs, ttjv ^EXdzetav xazaka^d- 5 
vet. El [iiv sv fitf {leziyvoooav svdvs 07]6aZot, xal 
fied' iftimv iyivovzo, Ssizsg %£L[idggovs dv ditav zs~ 
zo zd ngay^ia els zrjv izokiv elsiiteoe. Nvv di zoze 
y i!-ai(pvr}s enia^ov avzov ixeZvoi, {xdltaza ^sV, co 
dvdges ^Adi^vaZoL, &e&v zlvos svvoiu ngos v^ias, sua 10 
pivzoi, xal odov xaO* era dvdga, xal 8l ifii. Jos 
di fjtot zd doypaza zavza, xal zovs %govovs, iv ots 
exadza nkngaxzai, iv eldijze i\Xixa ngdyiiaza q 
[itagd xecpafa] zagd^aaa avz^ dixriy ovx edcoxe. 
Aiye [ioc zd doypaza. 15 

A O'TMA A M (PIKTT O'NSL TV. 

" *Enl iegicos KXetvayogov, iagtvrjs UvXaias, 
edo^e zoZs UvXayogats xal zols dvvidgois zSv *A[i- 
(pixzvoviov, inscdij ^ApcpiddeZs iittSaivovoLv enl zrfv 
legdv %oogav, xal dizetgovdi, xal jSodxTj^aac xa~2Q 
zavifxovdLv, izteXOeZv zovs IlvXayogas xal zovs 
awed govs, xal dzjjXats dtaXa6eZv zovs ogovs, xal 
dneuiteZv zots °A(A(pi<jaavCL zov Xoltcov fjorj em- 
Satvaiv." 

"etepon ao'tma. 25 

" *Enl agios KXstvayogs, iagivrjs HvXaias, edo- 
fa zols HvXayogais xal zols avvidgots zcov °A[A(pi- 
xzvovcov, xal zS xotveo zcav *A[Mpixzvovcdv, iitmdtf 
ol IJ- A^icpLaaris zijv tegdv %zagav xazaveipdfievoL 
yeagyovdL, xal fiooxijfiaza viftsdc xal xaXvofxevotSQ 
zovzo noteZv, iv zols OTtXots Ttagayevofjtevot, zd xot- 



C T1IE*P KTH21<J)J£NT02. 141 

vov t&v c EXh\vG)v avvidgtov xsxaXvxadL [neid ftim, 
Tivds di xal z£TQav{iaTixa(ji, xal tov zgaTTfyov tov 
-qgij^iivov tcov \4^i(pLXTv6vcov K6%TV(pov tov *Agxd- 
da, TtQsa^svaai ngos *PlXlti7Zov tov Maxedova, xal 
5 d^tovv i'va fio7}6?jar} t£ te AtioXXcovi xal tols °A{i- 
cpLXTvodiv, oixcos {ii} 7iSQudrf vjto tcov dos6cjv *A{1- 
cpLOaicov tov &eov nX^^uXs^Evov ■ xal 8i6tl avTov 
6TqaT7\yov avzoxgdioga algovvzac ol "EXXijves, ol 

[A,ETE%OVT£S TOV OVVedgtOV TCOV ' A^KpLXTVOVCOV? 

10 Aiys dtf xal tovs %govovs, iv oh tavt iyiyvETO * 
slal ^ag, xad* ovs ijivXayog^dEv ovtos. Aiys. 

XPO'NOI. 

u "Ag%cdv Mvtjc>l0el8i]s, p/qvjos ^AvOsCTrjgicovos 
exTTf inl SsxaTjj" 

15 Ads 8tf {ioi Trjv imsoXrjy, ^V, cos ov% vmjxsov ol 
0i}6aL0i, itkyntu ngos tovs iv IIsXoTiovvijca) av^d- 
%ovs 6 <PiXt7i7ios • iv ei8iJTS xal ix Tavr^s ctacpcos, 
otl Ttjv [xiv dXi^drj Tigofadiv tcov ti g ay fiaTcov, to 
tccvt inl T-qv c EXXdda xal tovs Oy\$aiovs xal v[xds 

20 TcgaTTEiv, dnsxgvnTETO • xoiva Si xal tols ^Apcpi- 
XTVodc do^avza noislv ngossnoiUTO. C Q 8i rag 
d<pog[ids Toci/ra? xal Tas Ttgocpdaeis nagadss avTco, 
stos i\v. Aiys. 

'e ni2 t o Air 1 a i' nn o r. 

25 "BaGiXevs Maxedovcov <&'iknntos, JlEXonovvrjdLcov 
tcov iv Tjj av^a^ia tols dr^jLLOvgyols xal tols Owe- 
Sgois, xal tols dXXoLs 6v{A[id%ois ndai, %aLgeLv. 
°jE7t£Ld^ Aoxgol, ol xaXspsvot *0£oXac, xotolxsvtes 
iv ^A^Mpiticr}, 7tXrj(A[jLeX8(jiv els to Isgov ts * AnoXXco- 

SOvos, ts iv AsXcpoZs, xal tt^v Isgdv %cogav ig^ofiEvot 
[ied* onXcov XerjXaTovdL, fisXopai too &eco {isd* vpcov 



142 A 11 M 20 L'N 0X2 

fioiidsiv, xal dftvvaaOat xovs nagaSaivovxds xt xav 
iv dvOganots svtfsSav • asxs avvavxdxs fiszd xav 
onXav sis xi\v 0axi8a, s%ovxss iniotxiOfidv T^isgav 
xsxxagdxovxa, xov svsGxaxos (i?ivds Accov, as fffisls 
dyopsv, as ds 'AQiivaioi, Bojidgofitavos, as 8s Ko- 5 
givQiot, Havens. Tots 8s i^iiv ovvavxijdatii nav- 
typist, xQTitio'fisSa dvptdovkois, xots 8s pi] ngosOsps- 
vols, imtyfiiois. Evxv%sixs? 

Ogdd* oxt cpsvyst psv xds Ideas ngocpdasts, sis 8i 
xds ^Apcptxxvovtxds xaxacpsvyst ; xts ovv b Tavja. 10 
tivfinagaaxsvaGas am® ; tls 6 ids ngocpdtfsts xav- 
xa? ivdovs ; tls 6 xav xaxav xav ysysvY^isvav pd- 
Xtdxa ahtos i ov% ovxos j {I?} Toivvv Xsysxs, a av- 
Sgss ^AQ-qvaiot, nsgtiovxss, as v(p' ivos xotavxa its- 
tcgvOsv f} c Ellas dvQganov. Ov% vcp ivos, dXX vno 15 
noXXav xat noviig&v xav nag sxdaxots, a yrj xal 
&soi ' av sis ovxos sdxiv ' ov, si [iTidsv svlatydsvxa 
zdhrfOss slnstv 8sot, ovx av oxvjjdat^t syays xotvov 
dXtxi]giov xav [isxd xavxa dnoXaloxav dndvxav 
slnstv, dvQganav, xonav, noXsav. c O ydg to 20 
ansg^ia nagao%av, ovxos xav f/vvxav xaxav ai'xtos. 
<x Ov oTtas tcoxs sx svdvs Idovxss dnscixgdtprfxs, &av- 
ptd'Ca ' nfojv noAv xi 6xoxos, as sotxsv, set nag v^ilv 
ngo X'Tjs ahiQsias. 

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tcov * AQr\vaiG)v, xal ivOvprjdsvTas Trjs tov ngoyo- 
vcov dgsTrjs, 8ioti nsgl nXstovos snoiovvxo Trjv tcov 

10 c EXkrjvcov sXsvdsgiav 8iaTrigsiv rj Trjv idiav Ttargi- 
8a, Siaxooias vavs xadsXxsiv sis Trjv ftdXaTTav, 
xal tov vavagyov dvanXsiv svtos IIvXcov, xal tov 
OTgaTriyov xal tov imtagyov rotg ns^ds xal ras 
Imttxds Svvdfieis *Elsv6iva8s s^dysiv ■ nipy/ai Si 

15 xal 7tgio6sLs 7igos tss dXXovs °ElXrrv as, ngcoTov 8s 
ndvTcov Tigos 0r]6alovs, 8 id to syyvTaTco slvai tov 
0iXi7C7iov Trjs sxsivcov %cogas ' nagaxakslv 8s av- 
tovs, }irf8iv xaTaitXaysvTas tov ^ikimtov, dvTS- 
^sddat Trjs savTcov xal Trjs tcov dXlcov Q EXXrjvcov 

20 sXsvdsgias, xal oti b \Adr\vaicov Srjfxos, ov8sv [ivritii- 
xaxcov, st tl ngoTsgov ysyovsv dlloTgiov Tats tcoXs- 
6i ngbs dXkrjXas, fioiiQrJGsi, xal 8vvd[is6i, xal %grf[A<x,- 
61, xal fisksGi, xal onlois, sl8cos oti, xal amois psv 
Tigos dXXrjXovs Siafi<pis6r}TSiv itsgl Trjs rjys^iovias 

25 oi)6iv "EXXqai, xaXov • vied 8s dXlocpvXov dvOgcons 
dgysaOai, xal Trjs rjys^ovias duoGTsgsioQai, dvdt-tov 
slvai xal Trjs tcov 1 EXkrjvcov 86%r\s, xal Trjs tcov ngo- 
yovcov agsTrjs. "Etc 8s, ov8° dXXoTgiov rrysuzai 
slvai 6 * jLftrtvaicov 8rj[ios tov 0ri6aicov 8ij[iov, ovts 

30 Tjj avyysvsia, ovts tco bpocpvXco • dvafiifivrjaxsTat 
8s xal Tocg tcov ngoyovcov tcov savTOv sis tovs 0r\- 



152 A HM 020 E'N 0T2 

Gol'mov Ttgoyovsg svsgysaias • xal ydg xsg c Hgaxk£sg 
italdag, djtodx£govfi£vovg vuo UsloTtovvyoiov xrjg 
Ttaxgcpag dg%ijg, xaxrfyayov* xotg onkoig xgaxrfdav- 
xbs xovg dvTtSaivstv usigofisvovg jolg * HgaxXkovg 
iyyovotg • xal xov 018 mow, xal xovg fisr ixsivov 5 
lxn£dovxag, V7t£§£^d^i£da • xal srsga noXld ^fitv 
V7tdg%£L cptldvdgcoTta xal svdo^a ngog 0?}6aiovg. 
dionzg ovdi vvv a7iodxijd£xai 6 ^ A§y\vamv drjfiog 
xSv OtjSaioig is xal dXXotg a E,Wy\di dv^Kp£govxcov • 
dwdidOai da 7tgdg avxovg xal 0v>[t[m%iay 9 xal im- 1 
yapiav uoir\daddai, xal ogxovg dovvai xal XaGsiv." 

nPE f 2BEI2. 

" z/7^ioadevri§ JjjfiodOivovg Uatavuvg, c YrtsgiSffg 
Kksdvdgs JZcpiJTTiog, MvijaiQeifop .Avxicpdvsg <Pge- 
dggtog, Ayiiioxgdx7\g UcocpiXs <PXv£vg, KdXkaid%gog 1 5 
Aloxl[iov KoOcoxihjgy 

Avxi\ x6v Ttzgl 0ij6ag iyivsio Ttgay^dxcov dg%7j, 
xal xaxddxadig ngcoxrf • xd 7tgo xovxov, sis £%Qgav 
xal iiiciog xal dnidxiav rav tzoXbmv vittfyfjiivav vtco 
xovxgv. Tovxo xd xprftpbtfjia, xov xoxs xjj noku 20 
Ttsgidxdvxa xivdwov TtagslOstv lnoirid£v Sgnsg vi- 
<pog. y Hv [tiv xoivw xov dixatov itolixov xoxs 

Bsi^ai TtddlV, £1 XL XOVXCOV £1%£V d{lUVOV, [Itf vvv 

imxifidv. c O ydg avfiSovXos xal 6 dvxoq)dvxfjg, iv 

ovd£vl x6v allcov ovdiv ioixox£g, iv xovxf tzXblcixov 25 
dXltflwv Siacpigovdtv ° 6 fisv ydg, ngo xSv Ttgaypdr 
xcov yvGOfijjv dno(palv£xai, xal Stdcodiv aviov vn£v- 
6wov xotg ituddsidi, xjj xv%?}, xotg xaigois, xS (3ov- 
Xo^iivco ' 6 Si, dtyijdag 7\vix £d£i Xsyeiv, dv xi Svgxo- 
Xov dv[i6y, xovxo ftadxaivn. ' Hv $i£v ovv, 07t£g 30 
Biitov, ixEivog o xaigog, xov y£ cpgovxi'Covxog dvdgog 
xijg 7t6?.£cog, xal xow Sixaiav Xoycov. 



£ rntfP KTHZI&JtNTOZ. 153 

^Eyco 8s TotfavTTiv v7tsg6oX7Jv Ttoiovpai, Ssts av 
vvv s%t) rig 8sl%ai it @sXtiov, 7} oXcog, si' rt dXXo ivijv 
tiXtjv Sv iyco ngosikopiv, d8ixsiv opoXoyco. Ei ydg 
sad 3 o iig vvv scogaxsv, o dvvTjvsyxsv civ tots nga- 
5%6sv, tovt iyco cpr^ii 8siv ips (xtj Xadsiv. El 8s 
[atJt 1st, (.uJts t\v, fiiJT av slnslv s%oi [iijdsis [i778s7tco 
xal TTJpsgov, tl tov avfx6ovXov i%gi{V noisiv ; ov 
tcov (paivopsvcov xal svovtcov xd xgdxiGTa iXsodai ; 
T8T0 toivvv inohioa, ts XTJgvxog igcoTcovTog, jLia%i- 

10 vq, " Tig dyogsvsiv fiovXsTai ; " ov, u Tig ahcdaOac 
nsgl tcov nagsliiXvOoTcov ; " ov8s, " Tig iyyvdaOat 
toc [xsXXovTa sdsddai ; " Gov 8* aepcovov %az ixsivsg 
Tovg %govovg iv rats ixxXTidiaig xaQiipsvov, iyco 
nagsXOcov, sXsyov. *Etcsi8t} 8s ov tots, dXXd vvv 

15 8si£ov, slits, Tig 7) Xoyog, ovTiva £%grjv svgsiv, 7} xai- 
gog ov^icpsgcov, vii s^iov izagsksicpOr) tjj tcoXsi ; Tig 
8s dv^ayia, Tig ngd^ig, scp i\v paXXov s8si jxs 
dyaysiv tovtovci ; dXXd fxrjv, to [asv TcagsXTjXvQdg 
dsl Ttagd natiiv acpsiTai, xal ov8slg nsgl tovtov 

<2§ngoTidiiGiv ov8aixov fiovXrjv to 8s [isXXov 7] to 
nagdv, ti\v tov tfv{i6ovXov Ta^iv dnaiTSi. Tots 
toivvv Ta [asv spsXXsv, cog i86xsi, tcov 8sivcov, toc 
8' 71877 nagTJv • iv oig tt\v itgoaigsdiv pov axonsi 
Trjg noXiTsiag, {i7j toc dv^6aivovTa avxocpdvTSi. To 

25 {isv ydg nsgag, cog dv 6 8aifj.cov fiovXTidjj, ndvTcov 
yiyvsxai • 7) 8s ngoalgsaig ai^r^ t^V tov dv[x6ovXov 
8idvoiav 877X01. Mt\ 8r\ tsO' cog d8ix77[ia ifxov &i}g, 
si xgaTiiaai ovvs6ti ^iXinnco t^V \id'/y\v (iv ydg too 
&sa to tovtov vsXog 7iv, ovx sv spoi) • dXX cog ov% 

Sodrtavd* oda ivrjv jccct 3 dvdgcoitivov Xoyid^idv slXo- 
(A7iv, xal 8ixaicog xai/ra xal iitifisXcog sitga^a xal 
20 



154 jhmozoe'nots 

cpiXonovcog V7tig dvvapiv, 7} cog ov xaXd xal Trjg 716- 
Xscog a^ia ngdyixaTa IvsdTiiddpiv xal dvayxaia, 
Tama [io 1 dsiljov, xal tot ijdrj xaT-qyogsi {iov. Ei 
3* b dv[i6dg dxiiitTog, rj gsificov, [i?j iiovov f^icov, dXXd 
xal Tcdvjcov tcov aXlcov Q EXfojvcov [xsi^cov ysyovs, Tt5 
%qt} noislv ; cognsg av si Tig vavxhigov Ttdvi §7ll 
dcoT7\gia ngd^avTa, xal nadi xaTadxsvddavTa to 
nXoiov, dtp av vusXd^avs dcodijdsddai • s ha %si- 
[xcovi xgrjcidpsvov, xal TtovrjddvTcov avzcp tcov dxsvcov, 
?} xal dvvTgiSsvxcov oXcog, Tjjg vavayiag aiTimo. 10 
*A1X ovts sxvGsgvcov rijv vavv, cpijdsisv av • Sgjtsg 
ovd* sdTgaTijyovv syco, ovts Trjg Tv%iig xvgiog iiv, 
dXX sxsivq tcov itdvjcov. 

*A\X ixsivo Xoyi£ov xal oga • si fiszd 0r}6aicov 
?l[itv dycoviCo^isvoig ovTcog staagio nga^ai, ti %gij 15 
TZgogdoxdv, si [i7jds Toviovg sd%ofisv dv^ifidgsg, dXXd 
QiXimtco Ttgogedevro (vitsg ov tot sxsivog nddag 
dcpijxs cpcovdg) ; xal si vvv Trjg {tdyjjg ysysviipsvrjg 
Tgicov fifisgcov 6801/ duo t?Js °ATTixfjg, Todomog xiv- 
Svvog xal cpo6og itsgddTri ttjv noXiv, ti av, si 7tov 20 
Trjg %cogag Tamo tovto TtdOog 6vvi6ri, Ttgogdoxrjdac 
%gfjv ; dg' ol'sdds on vvv svrjv dTrjvai, dvvsXQslv, 
dvanvsvdai ; noXXd fiia r^asga xal 8vo xal Tgscg 
sdodav tcov sig dcoTiigiav Tjj noXsi. Tots ds — 
dXX hx d^iov siusiv tbv ys pidi nslgav sdcoxs &scov25 
Tivog svvoia, xal to 7tgo6aXsdQai ti\v tzqXiv TavTiiv 
T?jv dv[i[za%iav, rjg av xaTryyogsig. "EdTi ds TavTl 
TtdvTa fioi t<x TtoXld ngog vfidg, dvdgsg SixadTal, 
xal Tovg negisetTqxoTag st-eodev xal dxgoco^evovg * 
irtsl ngog ys tovtov avxov top xaxaTtTvsov, figa%vg 30 
Teal dacp?}g i^qgxsi (xoi loyog* 



c mE y P KTH2I&SLNT02. 155 

JEt [xiv ydg yv dot ngoSfjXa to, (isXXovTa, Aldyi- 
vy\, [aovco tcov dXXcov, ots 16sXsvsto tj noXis itsgl ts- 
tcov, zoz s8si itgoXsysiv • d 8s f.i?j ngoySsiS) zrjs 
avrrjg dyvoias vnsvOvvos si tols dXXois* c 'J2sts tl 
5 {idXXov ifiov av ravza xaTTjyogsls, i\ syco aov ; to- 
govtov ydg d^tslvcov syco aov tcoXlttis ysyova sis 
avid ravra a Xsyco {xal sitco nsgl tcov dXXcov 8ia- 
Xsyo^iai) , oaov syco (isv sScoxa s^iavTov sis rd ndai 
SoxovvTa ovpcpsgsLv, s8sva xiv8vvov oxvijaas i'Scov, 
10 ov8* VTZoXoyiad^svos. 2Jv Si ovQ* szsga siitss ftsX- 
tlco tovtcov (ov ydg av tovtois sygcovTo), ovzs sis 
zavza %gijOL[iov s8sv asavzov nagsayss' onsg 8' av 
b cpavXoxazos xal 8vsjxsvsazazos dvOgconos noi- 

ijaSLS Iff 7ZoXsi, TOVTO TCSTtOLIJXCOS S7TL TOLS CVfxfid- 

15 atv sj-rfzaocu. Kal dfxa 'Agcazgazos sv iVa|«, xal 
* AgiazoXaos sv Odaacp^ ol xaQdna^ sydgol zijs no- 
Xscos, zovs AQ-qvaicov xgivovoi cpiXovs, xal 'Adn- 
vrjGiv Ala%[vys Aij^ioaOsvovs xazijyogsl. Kaizoi 
bzcp rd tcov ' ' EXXi^vcov dzvyijpaza svsv8oxi[isiv 

20 d*7tsxsLT0, dnoXcoXsvai fidXXov ovzos sazi Sixatos, -q 
xaxijyogsZv szsgov • xal ozcp avvsvjjvoyaacv ot avzol 
xatgol xal tols zrjs noXscos syOgocs, ovx svi zovzov 
svvovv slvai zfj TtaTgtSc ' SjjXols 8s if cov Zjjs, xal 
Ttotsis, xal TtoXizsvi], xal ndXiv s TtoXtzsvy. Ilgdz- 

25 zszai zi tcov vyiZv 8oxovvzcov av L acpsgsLv ; dcpcovos 
Alayivris ■ dvzsxgsas ti xal ysyovsv, olov sx s8st ; 
TtdgsoTiv Alayivijs ' cosnsg zd gijy^aza^ xal zd 
anda^iaza^ ozav zt xaxov to aco[ia XdSrj, zozs xivsi- 
zai. *E7isi8-q 8s noXvs zocs ov^6s6ijxo6iv syxsizai, 

30 fiovXo{iai zt xal TtagdSo^ov slustv ' xai fiov, ngos 
Aios xal &SCOV, [irjSsls zrjv v7isg6oXrjv &av[idcy, 
dXXd [AST svvoias o Xsyco ftsagrjodTG). 



156 JHM020E'N0T2 

El ydg tjv dnadt 7tg68yiXa rd [xiXXovTa y£vrj~ 
<j£Gdou, xal 7tgoydedav navT£s, xal dv ngovXsyss, 
Aid%ivii^ xal dtzimgrvgov jSocov xal x£xgaycos, os 
ov8* icpdiy^co, ov8* ovicos dnoGxaikov rjj noXu tov- 
tcov yrv, si'jtsg ?j dojty?, i$ ngoyovcov, rj ts [liXXovTOS 5 
alcovos el%e Xoyov. Nvv piv ydg dnoTv%elv 8oxel 
tcov ngayiidxcov, o itdtii xoivov is'iv dvOgconoLs, orav 
tco &£(? jama, Soxjj • tots 8' d^iovda itgoedTavai 
tcov dXXcov, efoa ditodTada tovtov, Qikimup 7tgo8e- 
8coxkvai ndvTas dv ed%ev ahiav. El ydg tuvtcl 10 
TtgouTO dxovuzl, Ttegl cov s8iva xlv8vvov ovnvovv 
oi>% V7tifi£ivav ol ngoyovoi, tls ovyl xaT£itTvd£v dv 
dov i [at] ydg t<y\s izolsSs y£, pi8* eitov. Tidi 
8* ofQaXfWLS, Ttgos Alos, §cogco[xev dv tovs els tt\v 
itoXiv dvQgionovs dcpLXvov^iivss, el tgc [jlsv ngdypa-lb 
Ta eh brceg vvvl 7zegL£dT7}, iiye^cov 8i xal xvgios 
•ygedri (PiXntTtos dndvTcov, tov 8* vneg tov firj ye- 
veadat tclvto. dycova, eiegoi %cogls ifticov iidav ite- 
7toi7j[i£voi , xal Tama, [iri8e7tcdnoTe Trjs tzoXecos Iv 
tols £[i7tgo(jd£v %govois ddcpdXuav d8o!-ov {idXXov 20 
7} tov V7t£g tcov xaXcov xivSvvov qgrffievris. Tls ydg 
sx oid£v c EXXrjvcov, tis 8i Bagfidgcov, on xal nagd 
0)]6aieov, xal nagd tcov en tovtcov ngoTegov Idyv- 
gav yevo[A£vcdv Aax£8ai[iovicov, xal nagd tov Il£g- 
dcov f&atfiXicasj i-ieTa noXXi\s %dgtTos tovt dv dd^i-25 
vcos i8ddr] t$ noXec, o n fiovXeTac XaSovdri, xal ra 
eavTr\s l%ovdri, to xeXevo^ievov tcoulv, xal idv £te- 
gov tcov c EXXijvcov itgoe?dvai ; dXX sx r)v Tav6\ cos 
eoixe, tols 'Ad)jvaiois naTgia, s8° dvexTa, s8* £{icpv- 
tcc * ov8* TjSvvjjdji 7ico7toT£ Tqv TtoXcv ov8ds ex nav- 30 
ids tov %govov Ttuaat, tols ityvovcu [iiv, [xr] 8ixaLa 



c mE*P KTH2I<I>fLNT02. 157 

8i ngdrrovcu, Ttgosdeixevrfv, dcKpaXcos 8ovXevstv * 
dXX dycovL&fASvr} nsgl ngcozsicov xal n^s xal 86- 
ifys, xivdvvsvovda ndvra rov alcova StarsrsXexe, 
Kal ravd* ovzco ds[xvd xal ngosrixovra rots faers- 

5 gois i\0e(jlv vfisZs vrcoXa^ avers slvcu, Sste xal rcov 
ngoyovcov rovs ravra itgd^avras fxdXidr enaiveire. 
Eixorcos * ris ydg ovx dv ayddairo rcov dv8gcov 
exeivcov rr\s dgerrjs, ol xal rrjv %cogav xal nqv tzoXlv 
exXinelv vitspsivav, sis ids rgnjgsis e^Sdvres, vjteg 

10 rov (xtj ro xeXevo\ievov noir\dai ; toV pev ravra 
dvfi6ovXevdavra OspidroxXsa* drgar^yov iXofisvoi* 
rov 8* vnaxovsiv rots STttrarro^svocs a7to(prfvd[isvov 
KvgdiXov xaraXtdcodavres ' s povov avrov, dXXd xal 
at yvvalxes at vfxeregat riqv yvvatxa aim*. Ov ydg 

15 i£rJT8v ol rore *Ady\vaioi, sre gr\roga, sre zgazrjydv, 
8 1 brov 8ovXevdovdtv evxv%cos * dXX ov8e Zjjv jjt-isv, 
ei prj per eXevOegias avrols e^edrai rovro itotelv. 
c Hyelro ydg avrcov exaaros ovyl roo nargl xal rrj 
[irfrgl povov ysysvijadac, dXXd xal rij 7targl8i. At- 

20acpegei 8s rij on 6 fiev rots yovevdi \iovov yeye- 
vr\dQat vofii^cov, rov rr\s slpagixsvijs xal rov avzofia- 
rov &dvarov TtegipeveL • 6 8i xal rij nargi8i, vnsg 
rov fir} ravnjv ijtidsiv 8ovXevovdav dnodvrpxeiv 
idsXipst, xal tfavdzov (poSsgoorigas rjytfdsrat rds 

25 v6gets xal rds dnpias^ as iv 8ovXsvovdrj rfj noXsi 
cpsgsiv dvdyxy\. 

Ei [jlsv roivvv rovz e7te%eigovv Xeyecv, as iyco 
7tgor\yayov v^ids d%ia rcov ngoyovcov cpgovetv, ovx 
ednv osris ovx dv eixorcos i7iLri{ir]dsis [ioi. Nvv 

30 8* iyco {xiv vfisrsgas rds TOtai/Tas ngoaigsdsis ano- 
(patvco, xal deixvv/u ore xal 7tgo ipov rovr sT%s to 



158 AHM02Q&N0T2 

cpgoviftia rj itoXis ' ti\s \jlsvtoi 8iaxovias z^g scp sxd- 

(jTOIS TCOV 7lS7tgay[.lSVCOV, Xal S^taVTiO [iSTStvai CpTlllL ' 

ovtos 8s tcqv SXcov xaTi\yogcov, xal xsXsvcov v^ias 
spot mxgcos sysiv, cos cp66cov xal xiv8vvcov ahicp Ttj 
ttoXsl ysysvypsvcp, Trjs [liv sis to nagov Tigris i[is5 
d/ioOTsgrjcfai yliysTai, id 8* sis dncLvxa, tov Xoniov 
ygdvov syxco^iia vficov clcpaigsiTcu. El ydg, cos ov 
tcI ftskcifa, ifis 7to?uTsvaafisv8 i ts81 xaTavjycpisloOs, 
r^iagxijxsvai do^srs, ov rrj jr^s Tvyjv\s dyvcoixodvvr^ 
tcI (jv[i6dvTa itaOstv. °AXX sx ss'iv, ovx ss'tv oncos 10 
rtfidgTSTS, dv8gss ^AO-qvaioi, tov vusg t^s dndvTcov 
sXsvOsgtas xal dcoTTigias xivdvvov dgdpsvoi, • ov pd 
tovs sv MagaQcovi ngoxiv8vvsvdavT as tccv ngoyo- 
vcov, xal tovs sv JTXaTaiais uagaTa%a[isvovs, xal 
tbs sv SaXayuivi vav^iayrioavTas, xal tovs stc °Ag-i5 
Tspi(jLcp, xal noXXovs hsgovs tovs sv tols drffiodtois 
fivriixaac xsiyisvovs, dyadovs dvdgas, ovs dnavTas 
oaoios f] itoXis vf]s avzrjs d^icooaca, Tifiijs, sdayjsv, 
Alay'ivr}, ovyl tovs xaTogOcoctavTas avxcov, ovds tss 
xgaTifcavzas [xovovs • dcxatcos, °0 piv ydg rjy dv-20 
8gcov dyaOSv sgyov, anatii Ttsngaxxai • tj} Tvyjj 8s, 
ijv 6 8ai[icov dusvsL^isv sxdciTQis, TavTxi xsygr^vTac. 

" Ensii , co xaTagaTS, xal ygaixpaToxvcpcov, av fisv 
vr\s Ttagd tovtcovi Tiuijs xal cpiXavdgcoTtias spi 
ditoOTsgfitiai (3ovX6[.isvqs, Tgonata xal ^xdyas xal 25 
TtaXaid sgya sXsyss ' cov zivos 7tgoss8sizo 6 Ttagcov 
dycov ovtqol ; syis 8s, cb Tg it ay cov idi a, tov nsgl tcov 
TtgcoTSLcov ovfifiovXov Tjj noXsi nagtovTa, to tlvos 
(pgovriixa Xa66vTa dva6aivsiv sue to fir^ta s8sc ) to 
tov dvd!-ia tovtcov sgovvzos ; 8txaicos fisvz dvso 
dnsdavov. 



C TIIE*P KTH2I®S£NT02. 159 

"Ertsixa, ov8° v^ds, dv8gss ^Adrivatoi, and zrjs 
avzrjs 8cavotas 8si zds zs tdias 8ixas xal ids dyfxo- 
dlas xgivstv dXXd zd psv zov xaO* fytsgav fitov 
6v[i66XaLa, inl zcov ISlcqv vdpcov xal sgycov dxonsv- 
5 zas, zds 8s xoivds ngoaigsosis, sis zd zcov ngoyovcov 
dnoSXsnovx as a^ico^aza ' xal nagaka^avsiv ys, 
dfia zjj fiaxTJjgta xal zcp <jV{i661co, zo cpgovjftta zo 
zrjs noXscos voixi&iv sxaazov v{icov, ozav zd dypoctia 
sistyzs xgtvovvzss, sl'nsg d£ta inswap ngdzzsw 

10 oiscds %gy\vai. 

*AXXd ydg s\nts6cov sis zd nsngaypsva zois ngo- 
yovois v{icov, saziv a zcov ipijcptGpdzcov nags6ijv xal 
zcov nga%divzcov • snavsXdslv ovv oQsv sis zavza 
s%s6^v, fiovkofiat. 

15 c Sis ydg dfixopsOa sis ids Oyj6as, xazslap- 
6dvo{isv {Pikinnov, xal Oszzalcov, xal zcov aklcov 
dv^d/cov nagovzas ngsa6sts, xal zovs fisv qfiszs- 
govs cptXovs sv cpoficp, zss d* sxsivov \}gactsis. r 'Oil 
8 J ov vvv zavza Xsyco zov cfvfMpsgovzos svsxa i^iav- 

20 rep, Xsys fioi zijv ims'ohjv^ fjv zoz snsfiipaftsv svQvg 
ol 7igi(j6sts. Kaizoi, zocravz^ ys vnsg6oh} avxo- 
cpavzias ovzos xs/gyzai, cosz si psv zi zcov 8sovzcov 
ingd%0?}, zov xaigov, ovx sps cpycuv aixiov ysys- 
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25 koll ztJv ifiTJv zvyr\y aiztav sivat. Kal (cos soixsv) 
6 Ov^iGoyXos xal gijzcog syco\ zcov ^isv sx Xoyov xal 
zs fiovXsvtfaGdaL nga%0svzcov ovdsvos avzco cvvac- 
zlos slvai doxco • tw 8* sv zols oizlois xal xazd zjjv 
ozgazyyyiav dzv%?}dsvzcov, [xovos atzcos slvai. Ucos 

30 dv coyozsgos dyxocpavz-qs ysvoiz av r\ xazagazozs- 
gos zovzov ; ksys zrjv stucjzoItJv. 



160 AHMOZOIuNOTZ 

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rd ix jjjs * Attlxiis ftoGxfyiajci xal dv8gdito8a xol 
TaXXa dyaQd, us tijv BoLcoxiav ijt-ovia ' ix 8s gov 
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tois, sis zavid Si ndvza dwreivovza, sXsyov. "A 
8* joists Ttgos TavTa dvTUTto[ASv, jd jxir xaO' sxaga 
iyco [xiv dvTi Tiavios dv Tipidatfiiiv Eiuslv tov (3ls • 
vfids 8i 8s8oLxa fii), TtagsXiiXvQoToov tgov xaigcov, 20 
cosTtsg dv el xazaxXva^ov ysysvijoOat tcov Ttgaypd- 
tcov 7iyov(xsvoi^ fidxatov b%Xov tovs nsgl tovtgov 
Xoyovs vo[i,iti7)T£. "A 8* ovv iusidaiiLSv f^isis, xal a 
iftilv duExgivavTO, axovdazs. Asys tovtI XaGcov. 

°AnO f KPI2I2 OHBAl'SLN. 25 

Msxd xavTa tolvvv ixdXovv v^ds, xal [a,£tstzs[a- 

TtOVTO * |J«T£, i6oil6ELTS ' IV O, TOC iv [lECHO 7zagaXsi7ico, 
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xal tcov LTtTticov ovxcov, els rds oixias xal TO aOTV 
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xd tl^lcot axa. Kalioi, Tgia iv ixecvr) Tjj T^iEga nd- 



c mE r P KTH2I®S£NT02. 161 

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bvovg slvai, xal 8ixaioTsga d^iovv vfxdg sxgivav 7) 
ffriXiTtTtov. Kal xd nag* avxoZg, xal jd Ttagd ndoi 
8s iv tcXs'l^t) cpvXaxij. TtaZSag xal yvvaZxag, icp vpZv 
7tot7JG»avT£s, acocpgoavv77S niaxiv nsgl v[i6v s%ovisg 
sSsit-av. *Ev olg anaGiv, dvSgsg ^^idyjvaZoi, xard 

10 ys v[iag ogOeos ecpdviioav iyvaxoTsg. Ovts ydg, sis 
T?p tcoXlv slgsXdovTog tov (jigaioTCsdov, ovSslg sSsv 
sSi d8txog vfiZv ivsxdXsGsv, stco dcocpgovag Ttagsa%s- 
ts vfidg aviov?' 8tg ts dvf.iTtagaTa^dfisvot rag nga- 
Tcc$ [id%ag, T7Jv inl ts Ttoza^iov, xal T?p %sii.iegiv7 : jv, 

15 ovx d[A,£{A7iT0vg fxovoy vfxag avxovg, akXd xal&av- 
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ToZg ftsoZg. Kal sycoy ifiscog dv igoi{i7iv Aiay/ivyjv^ 

20OT8 Tavz iTtgdzTSTo, xal frftov xal %agag xal inai- 
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25 it-77Ta££TO, Ttcos ov 8sivd TtotsZ, [idXXov 8* ovd' oGia, 
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[at} itagv { v, nag ovx djtoXoXivat itoXXaxig sotI §1- 

30 xatog, si, if olg s%aigov oc aXXoi, TavTa sXvksZto 
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21 



162 jhmozoe'notz 

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Ovxovv rjpELS [xiv iv ftvoieus rj[i£v tots, 6fy6euo« 
Si iv tS Si ifcias (jstf&tfdcu vopi&iv * xal TtEgiEis'-qxEi 
tols fiorideias dsfjcteadai Soxsglv, dcp cbv IngaTTov 
ovtol, amols fioydsLV higoLs, i^ wv iitEtaQriTE poL. 5 
°AXXd (jiqv, oias tote ijcpisi (pcovds 6 @lXltctcos, xal 
iv oiais 7\v Taga%ai$ inl tovtols, ix tojv imaToXav 
t&v ixslvov {jtadijciECiOe, av els UeXotzovvjiGov etce^l- 
yj£. Kai pot Xsys Tavras Xafioov, iv elStJte otl 
i) ifin <jvv£%sia xal nXdvoi xal TaXaiTtcogiat, xal 10 
zd TtoXXd ipy^lapaTa, a vvv sros SiiavgE, tl ditEig- 
ydaaTO, 

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yovaai giftogss evSo^ol xal psyaXoi Ttgo ipov, KaX- 
ItdTgaTOS exelvos, ^AgitiTocptav, KicpaXos, Ogaav-15 
6ovXos, EiEgoi pvgiot • dXX oficos ovSeIs tovtov 7t6- 
7Z0TE did TtavTos eSooxev iavrov sis ovSiv Tjj no- 
Xel ' aXX o piv ygdcpav, ovx av ingEofiEvtisv, 6 Si 
7tgs(j6Evcov, sx av sygaipsv. c YjtEXsiTtETO ydg aviSv 
excmjtos iavTW dpa (.liv gaoTCdvijv, a\ua S\ el tl20 
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Svvov ti\v noXiv, cost ovx iSoxEt [aoi %G)gav ovSi^b 
ngovoia ovSEpiav rrjs iSias dafaXstas SiSovat, 
dXX dyamiTov swat, el ^div rcagaXEiTtov tls, a 

SEL TCgd^ELSV. *H7Z£71£1(j£L71V S* V7lig E^aVTOV, TV%OV 

aiv dvatadTfTCdv, opens S° 67t£7tslct[i7)v, [itJte ygd- 
wovt av ipov ygdvjaL (SeXtlov prjSiva, (jltJte itgaT- 30 
Tovxd tl ngd^ai, pjJTE ngsaSsvovTa TtgEtiSsvaat 



'r/IE'P KTH2IQSLNT02. 163 

ngoOvfioTsgov, (jijfcs 8ixaioTsgov. Aid TaVTCt iv 
anaoiv spavTov hauov. Asys 8r] rds suiOToXas 
<&ik'nntov. 

'E1II2T0AAI'. 

5 Els Tavxa xaTSdTTias QiXimtov 7) s{jlt} noXmsia, 
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noXXovs xal &gaGsis rd Ttgo tovtcov xi} tcoXsl inai- 
gopsvos Xoyovs. *AvO* &v 8ixaias s6TScpavov[X7iv 
V7td tovtcovl ' xal 6v nagcov ovx dvTsXsyss ' 6 8s 
10 ygavjdpsvos Aic)v8as to Ttk[ntTov fisgos t£v tprjcpcov 
ovx sXa6s. Kai jjlol Xsys zavza tcc vj7](pio[ia- 
toc, rot tots fisv ditoTtscpsvyoTa, into tstov 8s ov8s 
ygacpsvTa. 

WHQ>l'2MATA. 

15 TavTt toc ipiicpLCtfAaza, 6 dv8gss * AdiivoXoi, tocs 
avTds ovXXa6d? xal toc avTd gijfiaTa s%st, dnsg 
ngoTsgov [Mv ^AgtdTovixos, vvv 8s KTiiGKpSv ysyga- 
cpsv ovTOOt ' xal tolvt Alo/cviis ovt s8ia^sv avTos, 
ovzs tcq ygavjapsvco dvyxaTiiyogiicts. Kaixot tots 

20toV ArjpopsXiiv, tov TavTa ygdcpovxa, xal xov *Ytis- 
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25 Qqxivai xavxd ygavjdvxcov, ansg ovxos vwl, xal to 
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|avra, a [itJxs 7tgoq8si [iifisls, [irJT dv mid?} xrj- 



164 AUM020tiN0T2 

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8<j7}9i t ^ v £Q7® v £Tl [AS{AV7]{18VG)V VfUOV, XOl flOVOVOVX 5 

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ff nsngayfisvov. ' "Ex ydg avzov zov ciocpov zov- 
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C T1IE'P KTH2I®jfNT0^. 165 

ycogav (8 navies coovto e&eodai), [asO* i^icov na- 

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ex &aXaTT7fs elvai ndvia tov noXeixov • dvTi di tov 
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TLOV, 0V[X7T0ke[A£lV TOVS Bv^aVTLOVS [ISO* ftflCOV ngos 

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tjv, iv ocs xaOdna^ tivcov xvgios xaTeOTij &i?unnos, 

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20 grJToga ftovXoftevos dtxaicos i%8Ta£eiv, xal fiij avxo- 
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166 JIIM0 2 0E'N0T2 

es ov ei di tcoXXco [aslIovs, ovx av iavxocpdvzeis. 
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axoicehe el dixaicos %gijao[iai to Xoyco. 

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yegalv dec • eiteaa xgrj^iaTcov evnogei, xal engar- 
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aw, ovd* ev t£ cpavegm fiovXevofisvos, ovd* vino tcov 
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Ttgos tstov avTixex ay iiev os (xal ydg tovt i|£Tatfcu25 
dixacov), Ttvos xvgtos iiv $ ovdevos. Avto ydg to 
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TtgovTideTe v{xeis tols nag exeivov [itadagvovat xal 
ijjLOi • xal baa ovtoi negtyevotvTo ipov (jtoX'Xd 
8* eyiyvexo Toiavia, dc ?}v exas'ov tv%ol itgocpaaiv), 30 
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c rnE y P KTHSIftJtNTOS. 167 

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uXdaxr(v avvxiXsiav inoiyioa. El di liysLs ij rd 
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tiovs, q rd ngog Ev6o£ag, ^ itegl tcov i'ocov vvvl Si- 

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Tgiaxociav ovdoov rcov Ttadtov, ids dixooias -q nokis 
7tagi<j%eTO, xal sx iXansadai vo^lZsda, sds xgivsda 
tovs zavza dvpfiovlsvoavTag, ovSs dyavaxTovaa 

15£7T6 tovtols icogdzo (alct%g6v ydg) • dXXd, rotg tisoZg 
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30 xal Bvlavxiov xvgiog xaTidTi], tl noutv dv, 7) tl 
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168 /lHM020tf]$0T2 

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yov, xal noXXd ye Ttgos tovtols exega ; novijgov, cb 
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Ttavia^oOsv fidoxavov xal cpiXaaiov. Tovto dilO 
xal cpvaet xcvados dvdgcoTtiov iariv, ovdiv i§ dg%rjs 
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"El to, xal to eTtoifftiev dvOgcoitos ovzool, ovx dv20 
dnidavev? ^ E^i6g6vnjTe , efaa vvv Xeyeis ; 

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e% ' A^gaxias, ovx l| ' IXXvgicov, ov nagd tcov 
Ogaxcov fiaaiXecov, ovx ix Bv^avTiov, ovx dXXodev 
bdapoOev, s rd TeXevrala ngcoriv ix GijScov • dXX iv 30 
ols xgaTrfielev ol 7tgea6ecs aifT8 xop Xoyco, Ta^Toc tols 



C T11E*P KTH 21 & JUNTOS. 169 

OTlXoiS ETtlCOV XaTECTgicfETO. Tavi 0VV dnaiTELS 

nag ipov, xal ovx al(j%vvt} tov avxov si's zs [xa- 
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k'va oVra, xgELTTco ysvicrOai ; xal ravra rots XoyoLs * 
5 tlvos ydg oXkov xvgios yjv iyco ; ov ydg jjjg ye ixd- 
(jtov ipv%f}S) ovdi irj? zvpjg tcov 7tagaTa^a(xivcov, 
ovSi T<r}s dTgaT7jyias, fjs ipi duaiisls svdvvas ' stco 
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rtolsdL ngossdTLv dnddaLs xal dvayxaia dfiagzrfixa- 

1 5 tcc, Tavza cos els iXd/LdTOv dvsEiXai, xal TsvavTiov 
els b^iovoiav xal cpiXiav, xal tov toc oiovTa tcoielv 
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22 



170 AHMOZOtiTXOTZ: 

ixegois, ravra xal 7taga7tXijc>ta xovxois idxtv. *A 
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xov fiou ov di iavxSv xo ye ngcoxov, dXXd 8t «i>15 
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174 JHMOZOtiNOTS 

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c niE'P KTH2I&SZNT02. 111 

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zovzois vvv iyxaXcov, cov zoze ovx ei%es Xeyeiv 

15 fieXzico i 

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25 akXd xal r\ cpvtiis avztf zois dygdcpois vofiipois xal 
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30 Kal Ttgos zois alkois, Ssiteg avzos anXm xal 
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23 



178 /lHMOZQE'NOTS 

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C r//£'P KTH2IQSLNT02. 179 

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20 ravTcc ydg dvfupsgovTa siXojatjv tovtoloL xal ov8iv 
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30 rj to ft?] Tavxd xal cpgovscv xal Xiyeiv ; av tolvvv 
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180 /lHM020tiNOT2 

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TOT 87ti TOLS T£T£?.£VT7}x6<Jl, XOl TTJV £X£lVOOV dg£- 

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182 AHM020tiN0T2 

'EIIl'rPAMMA. 

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C TIIE'P KTH2IQSLNT02. 183 

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184 JHM020E'N0T2 

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7tS7ioXLT£V(iai. Aid zavr d%ico ztfiaadai. 

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Ttjv xacpgsiav, d%ia [tiv %dgnog xal inaivov xgivco • 
(jtcog ydg ov ;) noggco [aevtoi nov tcov i^iaviS ns- 

10 tcoXitsv[xsvcov TiOspai. Ov ydg Xidoig hsi%ida ti\v 
tzoXlv, ov8i nXivdoig syco\ ovo^ snl tovtols [isytdtov 
tcov ipavTOv cpgovco • dlX idv tov ifiov TSiyid^iov 
fiovXsi 8ixaicog dxoitsiv, svgtfdsig onXa, xal noXsig. 
xal TOTtovs, xal Xipivas, xal vavs* xal imtovs, xal 

IbnoXXovg Tovg V7tig tovtcov d[ivvofisvovg. Tavza 
ngovSaXopjv iyco itgo ttJs 'AttlxiJs, odov yv dvdgco- 
itivto Xoyidfxeo 8vvaTov, xal tovtols STSiyida tijv yco- 
gav, ovyl tov xvxXov fiovov tov Ilsigaicog ov8s tov 
ddTSog. Ov8s y 7]ttt^v iyco zoig Xoyidpoig <&i- 

20 Xinnov (noXXs ys xal 8 si), ov8s Talg nagadxsvaig * 
dXX 01 tcov dvpfidycov dTgaTi^yol xal al 8vvdf.isig 
Tjf iv%y. Tivsg ai tovtcov drco8si^sig ; - ivagyslg 
xal cpavsgai * dxonsiTS 8s. 

Ti %gv\v tov svvovv noXiT7\v ixoisiv ; ti tov [isTa 

25 7zddrjs ngovoiag xal ngodv^iiag xal 8cxaiodvj^g 
vTtsg TT\g naTgiSog TCoXiTsvopsvov j ovx ix [aev $oc~ 
XdiTTig T7}v EvSoiav 7tgo6aXsd0ai 7tgo Ttjg ATTixijg, 
ix 8s Tr\g [isdoysiag tijv BoicoTiav, ix 8s tcov ngog 
HsXoTtovvqdov totccov, Tovg bpogovs za^T^ ; - ov zip? 

SOdiTOTtOfjtTtsiav, OTtcog itagd uddav cpiXiav d%gi tov 
Ilsigaicog xofjiidOrfdSTai 7tgo'C8id6ai j xal za ^isv dS- 
24 



186 /IHM020E'N0T2 

aai tcov v7tag%6vTcov, sxnsfntovTa fiorjdsiag, xal As- 
yovTa xal ygdcpovTa roiavia, rrjv ITgoxovifOov, tt[v 
Xsggovifetov, xiqv Tsvs8ov • xd 8* oncog oixsia xal 
dv{ifA,a% VTzdgt-y, ngd^GU, to Bv^dvTiov^ ti\v "A6v- 
8ov, rrjv Hsgivdov ; xal tcov [isv tols s%Qgolg vitag- 5 
%ovdodv 8vvd[iscov Tag [isyltiTag d(pslstv, cov 8* svskt- 
7te t# 7t6Xsi, rai/ra ngogOstvac ; TavTCL tolvvv v^llv 
clrcavTa nsngaxTai Totg s/xocg xpricpiafiaai xal tols 
sixolg 7iohTev^aatv. "A xal (3s6ovXsv(iiva, co 
avdges Adrjvaiot, lav dvsv cpQovs Tig fisXrjTat tixo- io 
ttsiv, ogdcog svgijdsi, xal 7tS7zgay[isva nady dixatoav- 
vzj, xal tov ixdg'ov xaigov ov TtagsdsvTa, s8* dyvo- 
rjdsvTa, ov8i itgo8odsvTa vii ifiov, xal oaa sig 
dvSgog ivog 8vvafj.iv xal Xoyia^ov fjxsv, s8sv iXXsi- 
(pdev. Ei 8* ij 8alfxovog Tivog i\ ti^s i<j%vg, j} 15 
CTgaTTjyoov cpavXoTtjg, i) tcov 7tgo8i86vTcov tcc? noXsig 
vficov xaxia, if navTa TavQ* d\ia s?>vpyvaTo Tolg 
oXoig, sag dvsTgsvjs, tc A7\ixo(jdsv7ig d8txst , si 
8\ olog r\v syco nag vfitv ^ocm ttjv ifiavTOv raf^, 
sig iv sxdtiTt} tcov c EXlrfvt8cov noXscov dvyjg sysvsTO, 20 
[xdlkov 8\ si sva [aovqv dv8ga OsTTakia, xal sva 
dv8ga 3 Agxa8ia, Tama cpgovsvTa sa%ov ifiol, s8slg 
ovxs tcov f|o HvXoov c EXX-qvoov, ovts tcov si'dco, Totg 
nagovai xaxoig sxs%g7}T dv * dXXd ndvTsg dv ovTsg 
iXsvdsgot xal avTovopoi, fisTa ndGy\g d8siag, ddcpa'2b 
Xcog, iv sv8ai[AQvia, rets savTcov &xsv 7taTgi8ag, tcov 
TodsTcov xal tolovtcov dyadcov, vfxcv xal Tolg dXXoig 
AQr\vaioig s/ovTsg %dgcv 8t sps. r 'Iva 8* si8i]TS 
otl noXXoo Tolg Xoyotg sXaTTOOi %gco[Aai tcov sgycov, 
svXaSsfisvog tov (pOdvov, Xsys fxot TavTl, xal cb/cc-30 
yvcodc Xa6cov tov dgidixov tcov ftorjdsioov xaxd xd 
sfid ipqcp id fiaT a. 



c r/Z£'P KTH2I<I>ltNT0 2. 187 

'API0MCJ2 BOHOEIStlS. 

Tavxa xai xd xoLavxa itgaxxuv, Ai(j%ivri, xov 
xaXov xdyadov uoXixiiv Ssl' (av xaxogdov^iivav 
piv, a yrj xai &soi, iv [xsyis'ois dyadols dvapcpisSri- 
5 xrjxas V7tf]g%£v eivai, xai xo Sixaias ngosTp/ • as 
ixsgas Si dvfiSdvxav, xo yovv svSoxl^ihv nsgieaxt, 
xai xo prfSiva psficpsodcu xrjv tioXlv, fjiriSi xrjv 
TtgoalgedLv avxr\s, dXXd xrjv xvyr\v xaxi&iv, xrjv 
ovxa xd ngdy^axa xgivaaav •) ov, fid Ji\ dnosdv- 

10 Ta xav avfxcpsgovxav xj) niiku, (xiadaoavxa S° avxov 
xols evavxiois, xovs vnig xav i%6gav xaigovs, dvxl 
xav vitig xfjs TtaxgiSos, &£ga7tsvsiv • ovSi xov fiiv 
Ttgdypaxa dfya vr\s noXeas vnoGxdvxa XiysLv xai 
ygdcpSLv xai fiivsiv em xovxav, jSadxatveiv • idv Si 

I5xis ISta xl Xvmfoji, xovxo [ispivrloOai xai xrigscv 
sS\ rjov%iav dysLv ddixov xai vnovXov, as cv tcoius 
TtoXXdxLS. ' ' R<jxl ydg, eaxiv rfivyia Sixaia xai (jvp- 
cpigovda xjj tcoXsl, ijv ol noXXol xav noXixav vfxsls 
anXas dyexs. AXX ov xavxriv otxos dyst xrjv r)dv- 

20%iav tcoXXov ye xai Set' dXX dnoaxds, oxav avxa 
86%rt, xrjs noXixsias {noXXdxis 8i Soxst), qpvXdxxsi 
bnrivixa iaxi psoxol xov <jvve%as Xeyovxos, rj Ttagd 
xi\s xvpis xi 0v[i6i6r)xev ivavxiapa, rj dXXo xl 
SvsxoXov ykyovB (noXXd Si xd dvQgartLva) • siV enl 

2bxovxa xa xcuga gijxag it-aicpvris ix xrjs r)av%ias, 
asitsg 7tvev[ia, icpdv?) • xai rtscpavatjxrjxas, xai 
6vv£iXo%as grjpaxa xai Xoyovs, avvelgsL xovxovs 
aacpas xai ditvevtiil, ovriGw fiiv ovSe^iav (psgovxas, 
ovS* dyadov xxrjaLv ovSsvos, avfMpogdv Si xa xv/6v- 

SOxl xav noXixav, xai xoivrjv al<j%vvriv. KaixoL xav- 
xris xrjs (jisXsxris xai xrjs i7tLfi,sXsias, Ai<j%ivri, sfasg 



188 jhmozoe'notz 

sx y)v%fis Stxatas sylyvsTo, xal zd xr\s TcargiSog 

GV[jl(p£gOVTa 7tgOJ)g7){l£V71S, TOVS XagitOVS 6d£C y£V- 

vaiovs xal xaXovs xal ndaiv Gxp^iyiovs uvat, 
<jvfijia%im tzoXecov, tzoqovs %g7i{idTcov, i^inogiov 
xazaGx£v?jv, vopav ovpfegovzav leasts, tols duo- 5 
deiftOuatv §%OgoZs ivavjiS^aza. Tstcov ydg dndv- 
tcov -qv iv toZs dvo %govois Ifftatfts, xal s8axsv 6 
TtagslOcov %govos noXXds dTto8si^sis dvSgl xak(h re 
xal dyaOco * iv ols ovSapiov Gv (pavijoy ysyovcos, ov 
jtgaiosi s 8svTsgos, s jghos, 8 TSTagzos, s TtifiTtTos, 10 
ov% exTos, ov% otiogzosovv ' ovxovv, §7t€i y£ xal t) 
nazgls f)v^dy£zo. Tig ydg Gv^i^aa^ia gov nga^av- 
jog yiyov£ zjj itoXst ; Tig 8s fioyjdsia, r} xttjgis svvot- 
ag 7} 86§iig ; Tig 8s 7Zg£G6£ia, Tig diaxovla, 8i ?}v i) 
TtoXig ivzmozsga ykyovs ; zi tSv oixsiav, ?} zSvlb 
^MkkrivixSv xal ^svtxmv^ otg inBGTiyg, iit^vSgdmrat 
8id o£ ; * uoZai Tgiijgeis ; nolo, $shj ; noioi v£6goi- 
xoi 1 rig iitiGX£vi] TSift&v ; tzolov Imtixov ; %i tSv 
dnavzov gv ^gjJGi^aog si; its rf zoZs svuogotg 7] zotg 
dnogoig tzoIizlxt} xal xoivq ftorftsia %gii{idTcav 7tagd20 
Gov 1 s8s[iia. ' ' AXX ', cb zdv, si ^i7)8iv xsztov^ svvoid 
ys xal TtgoGvfiia ; tiov ; itozs ; ogztg, a navzcov 
d8ix6zax£, ov8* ozs SjtavTsg, ogol uimoz ifOiy^av- 
zo iitl zov pij^iazog, sis Gcaziiglav iu£8l8oGav^ xal 
totsXsvtoliov* ^Agiozovixos zo 0vv£iXsy[isvovdgyvQi-25 
ov sis Trjy siziTipLiav ' ov8i tot ovzs 7tagrjX0ss, 
ovt s7ii8(oxas ov8sv. Ovx dnogav • 7t£s ydg ; os 
ys xsxhigovo^iJixas (iiv zmv ^PiXovos tov xt)8£Gtov 
^gjifxaTov 7tX£t6vcov yj tcsvts zaXdvzov * 8uidXavTOv 
8" £t%ss igavov 8cog£av nagd tSv ijy^ovcav tcdi/30 
Gvufjtogiaiv, £(p ols iXvpyveo zov Tgi7)gag%ixdv vopov. 



c tiie*p kth2I<j>s£ntq2. 189 

*A\X iva [Atf Xoyov ex Xoyov "keycov, tov nagovxos 
ifiavrov exxgovdco, nagaXelvjco ravia. *AXX oxi 
ye ov%l dt evdetav ovx ertedcoxas, ix tovtcov SijXov ' 
dkXd cpvl&TTcov to [xrjdiv evavTiov yevidQai nagd 

5 dOV XOVTOIS, OLS dltaVTa TtoXcTSVT}. 

*Ev Ttdiv ovv dv veavias, xal niivixa lanugos} 
rjfifix av einelv ti xard tovtcov dioi, ev tovtois Xap- 
ngocpcovoTaTOS, {ivqiiovixcoTaTOs, vTtoxgtTijs dgidTOs, 
Tgayixos Seoxgivip. Efoa tcov ngoTegov yeyevrnie- 
lOvcov dvdgcov dyadcov {jLepviidai • xal xakcos noieis. 
Ov fisvTOi dcxaiov idTiv, ch dvdges °A6r)vaioi, Ty\v 
ngos tovs TSTshsvTTjxoTas evvoiav imdg%ovdav ngo- 
J.ol66vto, nag vp&v, Ttgos exeivovs igsTd&iv xal 
naga6dXkeiv l^i£, tov dvt,covTa ped* vficov. Tis ydg 

lb OVX Olds TCOV TtaVTCOV, OTl TOIS [ISV %COdl TtdcitV VTteSl 

tis ii\ nleicov -q eX&TTcov cpQovos, tovs TsOvecoTas Si 
ovde tcov e%Qgcov sdels stl fiidel ; stcos ovv 1%6vtcov 
tovtcov Tjj cpvdei, itgos tss vtgo ifxavTs vvv iyco xgi- 
vofxac xal &ecogov[iai ; ^Tida^icos ' ovts ydg Sixaiov 

20 ovt i'dov, Aic>%ivri) dXXd itgos oi, xal oXkov ei Tiva 
fiovXei, tcov rairra dot TCgoygrftievcov, xal ^covtcov. 
Kdxelvo dxonei ' noTsgov xdXkiov xal dfieivov tj} 
noXei, did zccg tcov ngoxegcov evegyedias, sdas vneg- 
(AsyiQsiS) ovfisvovv eiitoi tis av r(kixas, rag enl tov 

25 TtagovTa fiiov yiyvopevas, sis dy v agi?iav xal ngoTCTh- 
laxidfiov dyeiv • rj nddiv, odoi ti {jlbt evvoias ngaT- 
Tovdi, tt\s nagd tovtcov ti[A7Js xal cpilavdg comas 
[i£TStvai j xal (irjv, ei xal tovt aga del fie eineiv, 
?) [iev e{ii} noXuzeia xal ngoaigedis, av tis ogdcos dxo- 

30 7r$, Tats tcov tots e7tatvov(xevcov dvdgcov ofioia, xal 
zavra fishofAevt) cpavyidexai • t) 3e di\, Tals tcov tovs 



190 JHM020gNOT2 

tolovtovs tots dvxocpavTovvTcov. /ir(kov ydg otl 
xal tcut sxsivovs y\($av tlvss tovs %govovs, ol biadv- 

gOVTSS TOVS OVTC&S TOTS, TOVS 8i TtQOTBQOV ySySVTjpi- 

vovs sntfvovv, fidtfxavov ngdypa xal tolvto noiovv- 
tss dot. Eha XiysLs as ovdiv opoios slfiL sxslvols 5 
syco • civ 8' opoios, Ai<j%ivii ; 6 8* ddeXcpos 6 aos / 
dXXos 8i tls tcov vvv grjTogcov ; syco psv ydg ov8iva 
(prffxi *AXkd ngos tovs ^covTas, to %prptei, iva (Mf- 
Siv dXXo sinco, tov £covTa i|f rcc^f, xal tovs xad* av- 
roV, cosnsg ToXka ndvTa, tss noLTjTas, tss %ogss, tss 10 
dycovtdTas. O 0cXd[ifiay 9 ov% otl rXavxov tov 
KagvOTiov xai tlvcov higov ngoTsgov fsysvrftiifHW 
dOXrjTciv dodsvis'sgos ?)v, ds'scpdvcoTos ex tt^s *OXv{i- 
jtias dnysL • dXX otl tcov sisskdovrcsv ngos amov 
dgtciTa iud%£TO, sdTScpavovTO, xal vlxcov dvriyogsvs-lb 
to. Kal tfi/, ngos tovs vvv oga [is gtJTogas, ngos 
davTov, ngos SvTtva (Soviet tcov dndvTcov * ovdsvl 
i£i6Tafiaii tov, ots {isv tj} noXsi rd j3i "kxidxa sXsadcu 
nagrjv, scpa^jtiXXov xrjs sis xrjv naxgl8a svvoias sv 
xolvco ndat xsi[i£vijs, syco xgdxis'a Xiycov s(paiv6[ir]v, 20 
xal xots spots ipTfcptdpadt, xal vopois, xal ngso6siats, 
dnavxa OLcoxsiTO ' vpcov 8s ovdsls rjv ovdafis, nkqv 
si tovtois sny\gsddaL tl dim. 'Unsidi} 8s, d prf 
noT cotpsls, dvvsdifr xal ovxhi dvpSovhcov, dXXd 
tcov tols inLTaTTOfxivoLs vnrigsTOvvTcov, xal tcov 25 
%octcc Ttjs naTgldos [itddagvstv hotpcov, xal tcov 
xolaxsvsLv sTsgss fislopivcov i^ixadis t\v, TTjvtxav- 
toc dv xal xovxcov sxadxos sv xd^st, xal piyas, xal 
lapngos Innoxgocpos ' syco 8' daOsvjjs, dfiokoyco, 
dXX svvovs {idXkov v^icov tovtoloL 30 



C TIIE*P KTH21®J£NT02. 191 

Avo d\ co avdgss ^ AQr\valoi, zavra tov cpvosi pi- 
tqiov uoXiTr\v s%eiv dec (ovtco ydg [ioi nsgl ipavTs 
XiyovTi dvemcpOovcoTaTOv eiTtuv) ' iv [xiv tolls Ifa- 
olais, Tr\v tov yevvaiov xal Trjv tov ngcoTsiov Tjj 
5 noXu ngoatgeoLv dtacpvXdTTsiv • iv uavTi Si xatgco 
xal Ttgd^si Trjv svvoiav. Tsts ydg r) cpvois xvgia ' 
ts Svvaddat Si xal 1<j%vhv, higa. TavTrrv tolvvv 
nag spot [Ae[isvrjxviav svgrjoeTS anXcos • ogaTS Si. 
Ovx i%cuTov[i£vos, ovx ^ A^cpixTvovixas Sixas ina- 

10 yovTcov [toi,, ovx anuXovvTcov, ovx i7tayysXXo[iivcov, 
ovyl tovs xtXTagaTovs tovtovs, cosjzeg &7}gia, fioi 
7tgos6aXX6vTcov, ovSa^icos iyco 7tgodidcdxa Trjv eh 
v[ias svvoiav. To ydg l| dg%rjs svdvs ogdrjv xal 
Sixaiav Trjv bSov Trjs noXiTsias slXopiv, tcc? t^uccs, 

1 5 Tds SwaOTStas. Tag svSot-tas, rag Trjs naTgiSos #f- 
gansvsiv, tlxvtlxs avt-scv, [tSTa tovtcov slvai. Ovx 
inl [xiv tols hsgcov svTv^rjfxadt cpaiSgos iyco xal ys- 
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itgoTStvcov xal svayysXt&fisvos tovtois, ovs dv ixsc- 

20 ds dnayyiXXsiv olcoyiai • tcov Si Trjs noXscos ayaBcov 
nscpgixcos dxovco, xal dTSvcov, xal xvtztcdv ds Trjv 
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Siadvgovdiv, cositsg ov% avTovs SiadvgovTSs, oTav 
tovto noicodiv - sgco di ftlsTtovciL, xal iv ols aTv/yi- 

25 ctdvTcov tcov *EXXrjvcov svTv^rfdsv hsgos, rat/r inai- 
vovdt, xal oTtcos tov anavTa %govov Siafisvsi, cpaol 
Ssiv Tfjgsiv. 

Mr] 8rJT, co itdvTSs #«oi, [irjSsls tcu/0 d vpcov im- 
vsvdsisv ' dXXd [idXidTa fxiv xal tstois ^sXtlco Tiva 

30vovv xal cpgivas ivQsirjTS ' si 8° aga i/ovocv ovtcos 
avid'ccos, tovtovs fiiv avrovs xad' iavTovs, i^coXeis 



192 JHM020E?N0T2 C TIIE'P KTH2I & SUNT O Z. 

xai rtgoaXsts iv yy xal &aXdrTzj nonjaaviB * ijfiiv 

8i TOLS X017Z0LS T7JV TGC£ttfT?p CC7TCcAAa^^V T&V IzD^- 

TrtfASvav (poSmv Sots, ycat acoT^giav dctyaXij. 



NOTES. 



ORATION OF jESCHINES AGAINST CTE SIPHON. 



Page 

2 Line 1. Tr\v (iev nagaGitevrjv, v.. t. L] You see, Athenians, the 
preparation, the array, and the solicitations in the forum, 
employed by a certain party, in order that the regular and 
usual practice may not he folloioed in the state. The Exordium 
of ./Eschines has very great beauties ; and, we may say, con- 
forms to all the rules of the art. It is not a commonplace 
introduction that might be put, with equal propriety, at the head 
of any harangue. It is adapted so exactly to this one, that it 
could not be used for any other, unless the subject were precise- 
ly similar. We immediately recognise Ctesiphon and Demosthe- 
nes, although they are not mentioned. They are represented 
as factious men, grounding their hopes entirely upon intrigue, 
and appearing before the tribunal with an escort, rather suited 
to generals offering battle, than to orators coming to plead a 
cause. All that JEschines adds afterwards, is derived immedi- 
ately from the subject. According to the rules of eloquence, 
an exordium ought to have three qualities ; it should make the 
audience favorable, attentive, and tractable. Each of these 
is found in the Exordium of ./Eschines. The orator gains the 
good will of the judges, when he declares that he confides en- 
tirely in the laws and in them, toIq vopoig v.ul vpiv, and that the 
interest of the state alone obliges him to speak ; he excites 
their attention, by the long list of disorders that certain per- 
sons had introduced into the republic ; and finally he renders 
them disposed to enter into what he is about to say, by showing 
the importance of reforming these abuses ; and by declaring that 
25 



194 NOTES. 

his object is no less, than to preserve the popular government, 2 
and the liberty of the people, now in danger. Some rheto- 
ricians blame this introduction, as too pathetic, and call it 
a peroration, rather than an exordium. But if they reproach 
iEschines for this supposed fault, with much greater reason 
should they blame Demosthenes, who addresses all the gods 
and goddesses at once, as if he wished, by his prayers, to 
interest all Olympus in the quarrel. So far from thinking that 
there is any thing to be objected to either of these orators, 
it seems to me that they have given to their discourse only the 
proper degree of warmth ; a warmth which would become the 
opening of any cause of the highest importance to the two 
parties. 

3. xc/.l tt\v ftovXrjv, Toiig n evt ax oalovg,] and the Senate of Five 3 
Hundred. To distinguish it from the Senate of Areopagus^ 
which was permanent. Athens was divided into ten tribes. 
Each of them chose, every year, by lot, fifty senators ; who to- 
gether composed the Senate of Five Hundred. Each tribe, 
in turn, held the chief rank, and then yielded it to one of the 
others. The fifty senators in office were called ngyraveig, 
Prytanes ; the particular place in which they assembled, 
■novTavuov, Prytaneum ; and the time of their employment, 
nqvjavua, Pry tarda, which lasted thirty-five or thirty-six days. 
During this time, ten out of the fifty presided every week, with 
the title of ngozdgoi, Proedri ; and he who was president of 
these upon each particular day in the week, was called imgar^g, 
Epistates. The senators from the other tribes in the mean 
time continued to give their votes, according to the rank as- 
signed them by lot ; but the Prytanes called the assembly ; 
the Proedri explained the cause, and the Epistates asked their 
opinions. 

4. xal jag ixxh]olag~\ and the assemblies. There were two 
kinds of assemblies, the common, v.vqiai ixxlriolai, and the extra- 
ordinary, xaraxl^oloci or ovyxh]ioi ixxXrjaiai. Of the former, 
which the Prytanes had alone the right of calling, there were four 
held, during each Prytania, upon appointed days, and upon fixed 
subjects. The latter were convoked sometimes by the Prytanes, 



^ESCHINES. 195 

3 and sometimes by the Generals ; and were held upon any day and 
any subject, as occasion offered. The assembly was opened 
by a sacrifice, and with an imprecation against any one who 
should do, say, or think any thing against the republic. After 
this the Proedri explained to the people the object of the meet- 
ing ; declared the opinion of the Senate of Five Hundred, and 
called on them to ratify, amend, or disapprove this opinion. If 
the people did not approve it immediately, a herald, appointed by 
the Epistates, cried out in a loud voice, " Let any one above 
fifty years old, who wishes, speak ; and then the rest of the Athe- 
nians in order." Thus they ascended the tribune in turn ; and 
after the harangues, each one gave his opinion, by pointing with 
his hand to the orator whose address had pleased him most. 
Six thousand citizens were necessary for passing a decree ; 
which was drawn up, after the votes were counted, and in- 
scribed with the name of the orator, or senator, whose opin- 
ion had prevailed. 

5. y.dl xovg vopovg, ovg ivo^od-hrjaev 6 -SoAow] The laws of 
Solon ordered that age should determine each one's rank ; 
and that the orators should ascend the tribune, beginning with 
those who were over fifty, and going down in order ; in ac- 
cordance with the law of nature, which dictates that old and 
wise heads should direct others. But these wise laws had not 
been in force for about filty-seven years; since they were abol- 
ished under the Archon Glaucippus. But although revoked, 
they were still obeyed; since reason, herself, teaches the young 
the duty of respecting the old. ^Eschines here prays for the 
entire restoration of these laws, the neglect of which had caused 
such disorders. 

27. [x£t 6gp]g v.Qtvovoi,] The word ogyr has sometimes a 
more extensive meaning than anger. It expresses the general 
character ; the manners and turn of mind, the passions, af- 
fections, and inclinations ; and sometimes is used in a good, 
sometimes in a bad sense. Different writers use it in all these 
ways. Pindar says (Pyth. II, 141.), oqyaig dxsvsg alomiyMV 
I'xeloL, entirely resembling foxes in their dispositions ; and 
(Pyth. 1, 173.) to express the benevolent character of one of 



196 NOTES. 

his heroes, he uses the same word, tvuv&tl sv ogyu nuguivMv, 3 
continuing in your noble character. In short, this word is used 
just as L iuvog, which means sometimes anger, rage, and some- 
times merely the disposition of mind ; sv^Evrjg, well-inclined, 
8vg^iivi]q, ill-inclined. Hence we can understand the meaning 
of iEschines when he says, o'v aglvovot, [iet oqyi]c, who pass 
sentence through passion. ' The word anger is implied in it. 

2. ov&' rj Tigotdgevovoa cpvb},] We have already said that 4 
Athens was divided into ten tribes. They took their names 
from ten heroes of the country, and occupied each a part of 
Athens, together with certain towns and villages in the neigh- 
bourhood. Their names were as follows ; the Acamantian 
tribe, so named from Acamas, son of Theseus ; that of Ajax, 
from Ajax, son of Telamon ; the Antiochian, from Antiochus, 
son of Hercules ; the Cecropian, from Cecrops, the founder and 
first king of Athens ; the JSgean, from JEgeus, the ninth king 
of Athens, and father of Theseus ; the Erecthean, from Erec- 
theus, sixth king of Athens ; the Hippothoonian, from Hippo- 
thoon, son of Neptune ; the Leontian, from Leo, who sacrifi- 
ced his daughters for the safety of his country ; the CEnean, 
from CEneus, son of Pandion ; the Pandionian, from Pandion, 
the fifth king of Athens. The number of tribes was not always 
the same. It varied as Athens increased. There were at first 
only four ; soon after, six ; then ten, as in the time of our ora- 
tors ; and finally, thirteen. For to the ten that we have already 
mentioned, the Athenians added three others ; when, having 
lost their liberty, they gave themselves up to Flattery, the daugh- 
ter of Servitude. These three tribes were the Ptolemaean, in 
honor of Ptolemy, son of Lagus ; the Attalian, so called from 
Attalus, king of Pergamus ; and the Adrianian, from the em- 
peror Adrian. They took a certain number from the old 
tribes, to form these new ones. 

20. vol o rofj,o&hi]c] the lawgiver. This word, when 
found without any other epithet, in the writings of the ancient 
orators, is generally applied to Solon ; to whom they gave the 
title of Lawgiver, by way of eminence. 



iESCHINES. 197 

5 2. waa wqtibq — %i)v r^xiqav.'] But as each of you would 
be ashamed to desert his post in battle ; so consider it a disgrace., 
this day, to abandon the post assigned you by the laws, that of 
guardians of the constitution. This comparison is found 
in most of the ancient orators, who were particularly fond 
of it ; as indeed it is in itself great and noble. But it was 
never more happily employed than by ^Eschines, who alludes 
to the cowardice of Demosthenes, who in the battle of Chero- 
nea threw down his buckler and fled. This remark is the 
more delicate and cutting, as it is free from all appearance of 
intentional allusion. 

22. ttsqI — twv vo^iov, — tcsqI twv vnsvd-vvcov,] Laws rela- 
ting to those who were required to give up their accounts. All 
those who had any charge, any jurisdiction or office, in Athens, 
were obliged to give up their accounts when they left the office. 
Before performing this duty, they could not dispose of any thing 
that belonged to them, or even leave Athens, on any pretence 
whatever. 

6 14. y.ajiSwv 8s Tig — vopo&STyg,] A certain laivgiver, and 
not the lawgiver, which would mean Solon. So that in this 
place the Greek word signifies one of the magistrates appoint- 
ed to correct the ancient laws, by removing those which were 
injurious, and by proposing new ones, as circumstances re- 
quired. 

25. insidccv loyov v.vX ev&vvag Tijg ocg%rjg &».] When he shall 
have given up his accounts and proved them correct. Aoyog xal 
sv&vvv.l are synonymes inseparably united by custom ; as in 
English we say, You are answerable for the cost and charges, 
But still these two words are not exactly synonymous. Aoyog 
means an account, sv&vvat, the proofs of the correctness of the 
account, ui twv dio)xrj{j,8V(av iv xaig agxalg doxifiaalai, v.a.1 i&nx- 
osig, y.al anoloym^iol. 

7 7. algsTog wV] being chosen. Athens had different kinds of 
magistrates, who were either algsTol, or xbigojjol, or yuqoTo- 
vt]Tol. AlqstoI, being certain magistrates chosen either by a 
tribe in Athens, or by a small town in Attica, and engaged in 
some office, either with or without the right of jurisdiction at- 



198 NOTES. 

tached to it. They were the lowest kind of magistrates ; and 7 
the small town or tribe only chose them on certain occasions, 
when the republic had ordered it by a previous decree. Klq- 
gwTol, were the magistrates appointed by lot, by the Thesmo- 
thetae, in the temple of Theseus. The people nominated the 
candidates who should be chosen from, by lot. They proceed- 
ed in this way ; they had as many small pieces of brass, mva- 
%itt %uXxa, as there were candidates, upon which they wrote 
their names, and threw them into an urn, with an equal num- 
ber of black and white beans. They then drew out a name, 
with a white or a black bean ; and he whose name came with 
a white bean, was declared magistrate elect. Kvocfioig xug 
agx^S aiQsTa&ah sa -id the law. Aizvlr\Qovv rag agxag xvufiM, v.ai o 
tov Xsvxov xvapov XaOctv iXdyxavsv, says Hesychius. Hence they 
called them indiscriminately xlrjQtoTol and xvapsvTol. This formal- 
ity was not always observed. The Athenians neglected it very 
properly when, without trusting at all to fortune, they were wise 
enough to oblige Aristides to accept the office of chief Archon. 
They thought that they might violate a law, in favor of a man 
who would observe, and cause others to observe, all other laws, 
with such exactness. Lastly, the xuqoxovi]toI were the magis- 
trates whom, when nominated by the Thesmothetse, the people 
chose by a plurality of voices, in the Pnyx, a place appro- 
priated to this purpose, near the citadel. The people gave 
their votes by stretching out their hands, tsIvovtsq xag /eTgug, 
and hence the magistrates elected in this way were called ^a- 
gorov)]Toi This detail is necessary, in order to understand the 
first part of the oration of ./Eschines, which turns almost 
entirely upon it. He says that Demosthenes would allege, that 
he was not obliged to give up his accounts, as only being one 
of the aigsTol, who were not obliged to do so ; and at the same 
time refutes the subterfuge of his adversary, by proving by the 
laws, that every magistrate, without distinction, who had the 
management of any of the public money, or who passed sen- 
tence, was accountable ; and that Demosthenes, in either 
case, must give an account of what he had done. 



iESCHINES. 199 

7 8. ijtLfiihid Tig xcn diuxovla •] This was not a magistracy, 
but a hind of commission, or agency. Aristotle, in the fourth 
book of his Politics, defines thus the two distinctions ; " We 
call those magistrates ag%ag, who, by the nature of their office, 
have the right of passing sentence, and who are particularly 
characterized by their giving orders ; imfielrjTal v.al imqaxm 
are those who have not, ex officio, the same right." JEs- 
chines shows, that as these rights were found in the com- 
mission of Demosthenes, he must have held an ag%i), and not 
an snifAslsLtt. 

9. oi Ssaiio&hai] The Thesmothetm were six magistrates 
who were chosen annually at Athens, to be the guardians and 
preservers of the laws. They had to examine them, and pre- 
vent any abuses from creeping in. We see here that they 
disposed of certain offices, by lot. 

24. rjysfiovlag dLxaoTrjglcov] The right of presiding at a tri- 
bunal. It is to be understood in this way ; it seems that at 
Athens there were several inferior tribunals, for deciding the 
differences of those who were employed upon the public 
works ; and that he who presided at these tribunals judged 
of these causes, in the last resort. iEschines says that these 
judges were accountable ; and that Demosthenes was therefore 
accountable, since, when repairing the walls, he had exercised 
this jurisdiction over the public workmen. 

30. xov yqa^ixaxia xal tovq XoyiGTocq,] The former was he who 
read the decrees in public, and who kept the archives ; the 
latter were judges so called ; the receivers of accounts. 
They were ten in number. Hag olg oi ngEoSsvoavTeg, ij %v <fy- 
[ioglov dixaoavTsg, r\ %wa ag/rjv ag^avTsg idldooav jag ev&vvag. 
o 19. imdsdcoxa — {ivag ixv.ibv,] ^EmoidovaL means, to give 
something of your own, to contribute voluntarily. An Attic 
mina was worth between nine and ten dollars. So that the 
sum that Demosthenes had given to the state was between nine 
and ten hundred dollars. 
9 1. Evixolnioaq xal Kijgvxag] Families of priests ; so call- 
ed because they were descended from Eumolpus and Ceryx, 
ancient priests of Athens. They had their duties regulated at 



200 NOTES. 

the festival of Eleusis, that is, at the mysteries of Ceres, institut- 9 
ed, as was pretended, by one of the ancestors of Eumolpus. 

2. tqitiquqxovq] This word means in itself commanders of 
galleys ; but custom had given it, at Athens, a different signifi- 
cation. It was applied to those citizens in easy circumstances, 
who were obliged, as such, to equip galleys, at their own ex- 
pense, for the service of the republic. 

11. jrjv {jov).7)v ti]v iv "AqbIoj nayof\ The Areopagus; a tri- 
bunal at Athens, famous in antiquity ; celebrated for the 
wisdom and equity of its decisions. The name means, Hill of 
Mars ; according to some, because Mars, accused of murder, 
by Neptune, was tried by the gods in form, and condemned, 
in that place ; and according to others, because the Amazons, 
carrying on war against Theseus, and besieging Athens, 
encamped on that hill, where they offered a splendid sacri- 
fice to Mars. Authors are not agreed as to the situation of 
this hill. Some, with considerable probability, suppose it was 
opposite the citadel ; and others, that it was in the citadel it- 
self. The Areopagus was called also r\ avo ftovkr), either in 
reference to its authority, or to the situation of the place in 
which it was held. We are ignorant of the time of its estab- 
lishment ; and can only form conjectures concerning it. The 
number of senators in this tribunal was not determined, and 
there are various opinions respecting it. All those of the nine 
Archons who performed their duties, each year, with public 
approbation, were in consequence, senators of the Areopagus. 
It will be sufficient here to give the names that have been ap- 
plied to it by different authors, to show its reputation ; sgv/ia 

13. xal ttjv ixsl axv&gianov, x. t. X.] and this august assembly, 
the arbiter of the most important affairs, brings under your 
control. I have preferred making the word oxv&qcottov agree 
with fiovlrjV, instead of putting it in the genitive plural ; since 
the sense is thus incomparably better, and more analogous as 
well to the etymology, as to the signification and application 
of the worci. oxvd-Qconog. 



^SCHINES. 201 

9 15. Ovx kqu — rgvcpMGi.] Shall not, then, the Senate of the 
Areopagus be crownedl Their predecessors have not handed 
down this usage to them. Are they not then fond, of honors 1 
certainly ; but they arc not satisfied that every one among them 
should be free from injustice, but also punish every one tvlw com- 
mits any fault; whilst your orators give themselves up to every 
indulgence. The senators of the Areopagus held a perpetual 
magistracy, and being always accountable could never be 
crowned ; consequently, they loved virtue for herself alone, 
and not for her rewards. In our days we hunt with the lan- 
tern of Diogenes for men who think and act like those of 
the Areopagus ; and if there are any, they are to be found 
only in republics or governments nearly like them. 

1 20. julavra] A talent was worth sixty minae ; a mina, a 
hundred drachms; a drachm, six oboli, or nearly the eighth 
part of an ounce. 

11 2. wQxovjoq] The Archons were the principal magis- 
trates of Athens. She was at first governed by kings, of 
whom there were seventeen. The last of them was Codrus ; 
who generously sacrificed himself for his country. In a 
war between the Athenians and Dorians, Codrus having 
learned from the Oracle, that the nation whose king should 
be killed, would gain the victory, escaped from his guards in 
disguise, and having entered the camp of the enemy, caused 
himself to be put to death. The Athenians, rightly fearing 
that they should never find so good a king, abolished royalty, 
and created the Archons ; of whom there were three kinds. 
First, were the Archons for life ; who succeeded the monarchi- 
cal government, and of whom there were thirteen, in order. 
Medon, son of Codrus, was the first, and Alcmseon the last. 
This kind of government lasted nearly three hundred years. 
Then followed the Archons chosen for ten years; of these 
there were seven; Charops being the first, and Eryxias, the 
last. This species of magistracy lasted only fifty years. Fi- 
nally, they limited the power of the Archons to one year. 
There was an immense number of annual Archons ; for they 
began to govern in the year 685 before Christ, when Nuraa Pom- 

26 



202 NOTES. 

pilius was king at Rome, and in the year 59 after Christ, there 1 1 
was still an Archon at Athens. But the last of them were de- 
pendent on the Romans. Still, however, they did not appoint 
only one annual archon; there were nine chosen, who, all to- 
gether and at the same time, possessed the sovereign authority. 
The first was the Archon, so called by way of eminence ; the 
second had the title of king ; the third that of Polemarch ; and 
the six others were called Thesmothetae. The Archon was the 
head of the state, uniting in his person the executive and ju- 
dicial powers ; and all public acts and events were dated from 
him. The king had the department of religion ; the Pole- 
march that of war ; and the Thesmothetae the care and re- 
vision of the laws. Before Solon, the election of these mag- 
istrates was by suffrage : but he thought it better that they 
should be appointed by lot, and having undergone an examina- 
tion, should be finally approved and confirmed by the people. 
When the year of their administration was finished, having giv- 
en up their accounts and given satisfaction with respect to them, 
they became senators of the Areopagus. It was under this 
kind of government that Athens was most flourishing ; and the 
most illustrious Archons were Draco, Solon, Miltiades, Aris- 
tides, Themistocles, Acibiades, &c. 

11. avTiygaysvg] Corresponding to the word controller. c 
xa&iGT(i[ASvog im twv xaTa6aXX6vT(tiv xiva jy noXsi xgijfiaTa, togrs 
avnyQ(xcpeaS-aL zama. Harpocration. 

17. a7tod8XT(tiv.] This office answers to that of receiver, treas- 
urer. An o d sxt a i ag^V T ^ & l na Q A&rjvuloig r\g noXXdxig 
[ivrji^iovsvovaiv ol QijTogsg xal ol xcofuxol ' AqiGTOxiXr\g d iv rfj 
A&7]valwv noXuiun dsdrjXojxsv, (ag dixa ts ur\oav xccl cog nagaXa- 
6ovTsg tu ygccf-ifiaTEla anaXucpovai toe ■aaza6aXXo^va xgy]fiaxa zrjg 
(jovXi]g ivavxlov iv tw fiovXsvxrjgla), xal naXiv aTiodidoaac xa 
yQV.Miaxua xaj dr]{iool(o ' xal anXoog a ngdxxovai dictaacpu. Har- 
pocr. 

18. vsojglcov uqxi)v,] Literally, superintendency of ship -houses ; 
and more freely, of the navy. Ai^v is properly the harbour ; 
opfiog, from tQ{ia, every place where vessels are at anchor ; 
vavzct&jAog, the place in the harbour where the vessels are ; 



.ESCHINES. 203 

1 1 vewgux and vsagoatoi, mean the same thing, viz. buildings 
erected in the harbour in which they put their vessels under 
cover, xonov ug ovg at vijeg dviXxovxai. Homer calls these 
houses enigiov, Ionic for icpiguov. 

18. oxsvo&ijxtjv] arsenal, ?} x&v noXE/j.ixcJv axevuv dno&rpa]. 

12 2. eagyrjXimvog] The month of July. So called because 
during this month they celebrated the feast of the sun, called 
OagyrjXia, from &sgwv yijv rjXiog, the sun heating the earth. 

2. dsvxsga (p&lvovrog,] The twenty-ninth. The Athenians 
divided their month into three portions of ten days each. 
They called the first day vovprjvla, from viog and fi^vrj, new 
moon, and the other days [itjvog iga^ivov dtvxega, x. x. X. and 
so on, to the tenth, dsxdxr). Beyond this number they counted 
ngwxr], x. x. X. (xrjvbg ^.foovvxog or inl dixcc, to the twentieth, uxdg. 
The fifteenth day was called navosXyvog full moon, from ndv 
and oeX^vt]. They named the last day of every month lvr\ xal 
via, old and new moon, nr\vr\ being understood. And during the 
last ten days they counted backward ; adding the word 9^/- 
vovxog or Xi]yovxog, dsxdxrj, hvdxi], x. x. X. to express the twenty- 
first, twenty-second, and so on ; as if we should say, ten days, 
nine days, Sfc. before the end of the month. They said, how- 
ever, sometimes ngaxi] dniovxog, or inl eixddi, or ^isxa. uxuda, 
and so on, to the last of the month ; following the natural order. 
Some, however, consider amovxog, as having the same con- 
struction and force as cp&lvovxog. 

4. ^xLQocpoQiwvog] The month of August. During this 
month they celebrated the feast of Minerva called Zxtgoyogua, 
from cpEQco oxlgov, to bear a canopy ; because they carried a 
canopy in the procession in honor of the goddess. 2x1 gov 
oxiddiov igi, fistf ov cpsgofievoi f| dxgonoXswg sl'g xiva xonov xa- 
Xovfisvov axlgov nogtvovxai r\ xs xrjg A&rjvag iigsia, xal 6 xov 
Hooudwvog isgsvg, xal 6 xov rjXlov. Harpocr. Those who write 
it with gg must derive it from a singular etymon. 

28. xgixxvsg] Tgixxvg igi xo xglxov pigog xv\g qtvXijg ' avirj ydg 
dijigrixai ug xgla fiigt], xgixxvv xal I'&vrj xal cpgaxglag, tag cpi]aiv 
AgioxoxiXrig iv xjj 'Axhyvalcav noXixua. Harp. This was then the 
third of a tribe ; and each third was divided into thirty fami- 
lies, ug xgidxGVxa yivi\. 



204 NOTES. 

29. ol drjuoi] boroughs. These were about one hundred 12 
and seventy-four in number ; and were divided among the ten 
tribes. In signatures, contracts, and judicial acts, an Athen- 
ian annexed to his name, that of his father, and of the bor- 
ough to which he belonged. 

31. i^yolc/Mnv iv joig y.i]Qvy^aaiv>~\ turn proclamations to pur- 10 
poses of interest. ? JEgy oXd6og } o cplavqoig Ttgayfiaav xgw^tEvog 
naga rolg qi']toq(jl, '/.(/.I ov/ 6 vnig tivojv i'gycov yia&ov la[i6avix)V 
y.al £%cov jovg ovvsgya&pEVovg, w? i] ovpi']&eiu. Bekker. Anecdd. 
p. 259. 

5. IJvvxY] Uvi>$ Tonov oiWf.ux, iv w 8ij/xog exxlrjaia^av Gvvi]yz- \ 4 
to. A place wlicre the people sometimes held their assemblies. 
Some say that the oblique cases were declined nvxvbg, llvxvl, 
for euphony ; but I see no discord in saying nvvxl, and at 
the same time we avoid the ambiguity arising from the word 
nvxvog. Still however, it is probable that it takes its name 
from nvxru ixn avreldur, to assemble often ; or from tcettvv- 
c&ai, to be prudent. Notwithstanding its decrees were not 
always dictated by prudence. Kalzoi ^.vqimv ixst avotjTcov xal 
fidElvgojv noXldxig EXxhjdLaodi'TCOv, xai (31u6eqoc rjj uoXel iprjcpioa- 
tihuv. Woliius. 

20. xUmovTzg Tt)v axgoaaiv] by stealing aivay your atten- 
tion ; or deceiving your ears. Homer employs the word xXimo), 
in the same sense, Iliad, A. 131. 

Mi] 8 ommg, ixyadog tleq ecov, &eoeIxeI AyiAXEV, 

Klim.E VOO)' ETtEi OV 7tUQElEVUE<y.L, Ovdi (48 TlELGEig. 

31. avv7]yoQQvg zovg vofiovg] I will produce your laws for my 
advocates. This expression is full of force and energy. The 
laws seem to be present, to escort, to surround yEschines ; 
and in concert with him, to speak, to cry out against the pre- 
varications of Demosthenes. 

5. dvo — vTiEvaviiovg] two laws upon the same subject, op- \ 5 
posed to each other. Nothing injures a state so much as con- 
tradictory laws ; they open a door for evasion ; every one has 
a law for obeying or disobeying, as he pleases. Truth being 
one and unchangeable, whatever is variable and subject to 
contradictions has not its character. 



^SCHINES. 205 

15 30. Twy sTKovvfiojv,] the statues of the heroes, whose names 
were given to the ten tribes. 

1 6 26. fisL'Qooi xifiao&ai] to be more honored. The word Tipcug 
is understood ; without its being necessary to insert it in the 
text, or to change fiel'Cooi into ^si^cvoog, since the idiom is very 
common in Greek. 

19 IS. Tl yag del vvv xavxa liyuv,~\ For why is it necessary now 
to mention these things 1 ^Eschines, by saying that it was not 
necessary to relate three adventures very disagreeable to De- 
mosthenes, recalls them in a very malignant and cruel manner. 
The first was the dispute that he had had with Demomeles, his 
kinsman, who had given him several blows, and whom he had 
therefore delivered up to the tribunal of the Areopagus. He was 
suspected on this occasion of having scarred his own head, to 
make him pay for it. The second was his baseness in becom- 
ing the accuser of Cephisidotus, whom he ought for every 
reason to have defended. The third was the blow that he re- 
ceived from Midias in the full theatre. 

23. KrjcpHJidoTov] Cephisidotus having besieged Halopeco- 
nesus, and being denounced for his stipulations with Charide- 
mus and condemned, payed a fine of five talents. 

25. xal ttsqloc/ojv] It seemed to be an honor to the com- 
mander on board whose vessel the general went; since he 
seemed to prefer his galley to others, as being better con- 
structed. 
23 4. nag ixslvov, xoiig ds] In other editions it is xal xovg 
nag ixslvov ngsoBsig ovx avapslvavxa, and not having waited for 
his ambassadors, (those of Philip). But this is contrary to his- 
tory and to what follows soon after, povog — sygaips anslaao&ai rw 
xy\gvxi xm nuga xov ftillnnov xal xoig ngsoSsoiv, he only proposed 
to stipulate with the herald and ambassadors of Philip. So 
that it would be an evident contradiction in ^Eschines, to say 
that Demosthenes had not waited for the ambassadors, whom 
his own words prove to have been present. Various correc- 
tions have been proposed for this passage ; some think the 
words nag ixslvov superfluous, and that he is speaking of the 
ambassadors whom the Athenians had sent against him ; 



206 NOTES. 

others suppose the words ovx avafxuvavxa are an interpolation, 23 
and then it would refer to the ambassadors of Philip. Toureil 
proposes to put ncxg ixslvov which would be undoubtedly the 
best correction, and the sense would be, not waiting for the 
ambassadors sent against him ; but the expression xax ixslvov, 
would be still more probable and more according to usage. 
For my part, I have corrected it by inserting xovg 8s which 
had probably been effaced. Not only does the sense become 
clear and include the two ideas j having flattered Philip and his 
envoys, (ug nQoedglav xccXsaotg, %. x. X. p. 28 1. 3.) and not hav- 
ing waited for our ambassadors ; but the ear is also gratified. 

7. K£QOo6Ximr}v,] Cersoblejptes was the successor, although a 
younger son of Cotys, that cruel king, who shamefully slew his 
wife from jealousy. Cotys amused the Athenians by the show 
of a warm attachment as long as he had need of them in his 
ambitious projects, and afterwards broke his engagements. 
When the Athenians declared him a citizen of Athens, I, 
said he, will make them citizens of Thrace. Their friendly 
intercourse ended in a quarrel. The fortune of his son was 
exactly the reverse ; for after a short war relating to the Cher- 
sonesus, the necessity of joining against their common enemy, 
Philip, reconciled them, and united them by all the ties of 
common wants. 

22. ovxs laxwv ovx imXaxuv,] The first means, chosen by 
lot, so that it related to the candidates for senators and magis- 
trates, afterwards, to every one who was chosen by lot ; anoth- 
er imXoiyxavev, was chosen, so that if the first was disapproved 
or should die, the second might take his place. 

23. vnodoxyv] taken metaphorically from the reception 
given any one ; that is to say, in order that he (Demosthenes) 
might in every respect support Philocrates, by his words and 
actions, by a favorable reception of his motions. 

1. *EXa(pr}6oXL<x>vog] The month of May. During this month 25 
they celebrated the feast of Diana, called Elaphebolia anb xov 
iXayovg (3(xXXhv, because they sacrificed deer to this goddess. 

2. IdoxXtimw] Demosthenes, without a precedent, summoned 
the Senate of Five Hundred on a festival day, during which there 



^SCHINES. 207 

25 was always a vacation, as upon the days ansvxxol or aTioygccdsg 
y/xsgcu, days of ill omen. Here I have departed from the com- 
mon text, and chosen among different readings, that which 
seemed the best in every point of view. 

23. iyivovTo dircal ixxX^alai *] All the editions have ds al in- 
stead of 8ltxuL One is so much like the other, and it is so 
probable that it was mutilated in the manuscript, that we may, 
without fear, adopt the latter, which renders the sense clear and 
flowing. But by leaving ds at, the whole phrase is without a 
consequent, avanodoxog ; it would have stood thus: when then 
the feast of Bacchus was passed, when the assemblies were held, 
and there had been read in the first of them, fyc, and the follow- 
ing sentence not answering to the preceding insidrj, the remain- 
der of the sentence must have been wanting. According to 
my text it reads thus, when the feast of Bacchus was passed, 
two assemblies were held ; and in the first of them they read a 
common decree of the allies, of which I will mention the princi- 
pal points in a few words. Reason, and what follows, requires 
it to be so. 

28. avayxouoTsgav ij xaXXla] Here the comparative is used 
idiomatically. By thinking that the peace was rather necessary 
than best ; the sense is, that the peace was necessary, but not 
good, avayxaiav [isv, ov xaXrjv ds. 

26 27. anoQQTJScu, a. x. X.] to tear the alliance from the peace, 
that is to take away ; or rather to make a peace without conclu- 
ding an alliance. The metaphor being too bold and harsh, 
gives JEschines some reason to blame the expression. 

27 12. nQoxadsL,6^svoq^\ equivalent to nQosdysveov, president, 
which is its signification here, and not xa&s£6[j.svog, simply 
holding a seat in the assembly, since in speaking of Demosthe- 
nes, just below, he says, tig 6 xocvxa sTxuprjcplaag Tigosdgog. 

28. avTopoXovGiv] a military term applied to deserters ; here 
used metaphorically instead of avxipsxaSaXXofiivoig, those who 
changed their party in the government. 

28 5. Trooedglav] It means here that they gave them the first 
seat, the place of honor. The strictness of a republican 
would not be shocked at this politeness, but it seems to me 



208 NOTES. 

that there was the baseness of flattery in spreading cushions, 28 
ngogxfqxxlcutt, and hanging round the purple tapestry, cpoinxldag. 

9. Xwyy ogsixa,] synonymous with ruiioviv.a, of a mule; and 
not oqlhoc, of the limits. It comes from ogsvg a mule, from 
ooog, since they are adapted to bear the fatigue of travelling on 
the mountains. Iliad, A. 50. 

OvQijccg [isv ngwTov ettco^eto v,al xvvag aqyovg. 

17. Xagidi^wv] Charidemus, a native of Oraea in Eubcea, 
was naturalized at Athens, and chosen general. 

23. b6d6(it]v — TSTsfavTrjxvLag,] the seventh day after the death 
of his daughter. This use of the accusative, instead of the 
dative, is elegant, and practised by many authors, thus Thu- 
cyd. VIII. 23. tqIh]V ^iqav avxov yxoviog. 

24. nsv^aai] this was to dress one's self in black, to shave, 
shut one's self up at home, and such like things, which were 
t« vofu&fisva, the last offices of respect to the dead ; duties that 
were established by the laio of custom. 

25. Uvxi]v tod-rjTcc] We may see from this passage, and a 
thousand others, that we receive the custom of expressing joy 
by a white garment, and grief by a black one, from the an- 
cients ; of these passages I will mention only one, that in 
Eurip. Phoenis. 328. 

"dTtsnlog qxxgsav Xevxojv texvov. 

26. Tfjv y.6v7\v — xal ngaTrjv'] The word 7tQc6rr h is here a 
pleonasm, since, being the only daughter, she was the first, as 
well as last. The order of the words being reversed, would 
supply this want of gradation. But is there not art in this 
seeming fault? this striking down his adversary, as with a 
battle-axe, before the audience, and then adding the second 
word, to finish the work ? But all that JSschines says in ac- 
cusation of Demosthenes, on account of his indifference to the 
death of his daughter, might be turned to his praise, since 
his country was before every thing, and we well know the stoi- 
cism of the ancients in this respect. 

28. ov to dvgTv%r}[ia oV«67£co,] Eurip. Orest. v. 4. xovx 6vel81- 
£<w xv/a?. The sense is, / do not mention this misfortune to 
insult him. 



^SCHINES. 209 

28 31. Gojfiaja] The word here signifies persons. 

29 5. xbv xgoTtov, alia xov tottov] he did not change his charac- 
ter, but his place. There is in these words what is called na- 
govo^aala, a play upon words, that is full of grace. 

29. dwgodoy.Laq ^lorvnlag,] This explains the meaning of 
what he has just said, diacpegsod-al tl tov zJt]uoa&svi]v xal <Pi- 
lozgaxijv, as if they were disputing who should have the most 
of the money received from Philip. 

30 15. i'aj] xal 6fioio\ neutral and impartial. This use of these 
words arises from its being necessary, in order to being truly 
neutral, that the party should be equal in power with, and 
similar to, I'aog xal opoiog, those by whom it wishes to be respect- 
ed. Without this, there can be neither neutrality or impar- 
tiality. 

19. negl ovlla6av dtayegofievog.] quarrelling about syllables. 
iEschines treats Demosthenes as a caviller, who was particular 
even about syllables ; because he had said with respect to Ha- 
lonesus, that if Philip oldtaaiv, should give it, and not restore it, 
p) anoU8(ooi, they ought not to receive it. But in concluding 
a treaty with the crafty Macedonian, these two words were of 
great importance, since if they received it as a gift, it would 
be acknowledging that it belonged to Philip ; but if they re- 
fused to receive it unless it were in restitution, it would be 
showing openly that Philip was an usurper, and that they, 
alone, had a lawful right over the city. 

31 11. vnoGTtovdovg] on certain conditions; having dictated to 
them certain conditions. 

12. %al Tag nolug, v.. t. I.] and you gave up its cities (of 
Euboea) and its liberties, as was proper and just, to those who 
had given them in trust to you. The word axn^g instead of 
aviag, and xdlg 7taQay.ara^siJ.svoLg instead of avxolg nagaxaTad-i- 
[isvoi, will be found preferable on examining this part of the 
text. 

18. nlovTagxco] This was a second expedition of the Athe- 
nians into Eubcea ; when Plutarch, ruler of Eretria, asked their 
assistance against Philip who was threatening Euboea, and 
afterwards betrayed them by joining him. 
27 



210 NOTES. 

20. Totfivmg] A city of Eubcea, near which Phocion defeat- 31 
ed the Chalcidians. KotvXuiov is a mountain, near this city. 

22. vnegsSocXopsv,] The detail that follows in the text leads 
me to think that the Athenians were not attacked till after they 
had passed the mountain, and were probably shut up in some 
recess or valley whence there was no egress ; so that I have 
preferred the aorist, to the imperfect, commonly found in other 
editions. 

'30. del-iovfisvog'] who gives his right hand amicably ; who is 
affable; who receives one favorably. This word ds^iov^vog 
shows that the modern custom of shaking hands is derived 
from the ancients. 

14. Ev6oixbv, a. t. X.] verbally calling together the assembly of 32 
Euboza at Chalcis, but in effect fortifying Enbcea against you. 

22. y.al tiIelovq — tov Evglrrov,] having taken more turns 
than the Euripus. This is a strait that separates Eubcea 
from the continent of Greece ; its flux and reflux are very fre- 
quent every day, and although writers are not agreed as to the 
precise number of times that they take place daily, yet all 
allow that in no other sea are they so frequent. This gave 
rise to many proverbs among the ancients, as av&gwnog svgmog, 
a fickle man ; svgmog didvoia, a varying spirit ; tv^v svgniog, 
changing fortune ; svgncit.uv, to be in perpetual agitation. 
They say that Aristotle not being able to discover the cause of 
this phenomenon threw himself into the Euripus, in despair, 
crying out " Since Aristotle has not been able to understand 
the sea, the sea shall understand Aristotle." 

1. tov dokixodgoprjaavra,] Among the ancients there were 33 
different kinds of races ; but the principal were ozddiov, con- 
taining 125 geometrical paces ; dlavXog, having double that 
number ; and doXyog, which was twelve stadia or more. The 
runners took their names from the different courses on which 
they exercised, aradiodgofioi, diavlodgofioi, doh/odgofioi. The 
name dlavXog was given, as its etymology indicates, because 
when they had arrived at the end of the course, they had to re- 
turn on their steps and pass over the ground again till they 
came to the barrier, thereby making two straight lines, in the 
form of a flute. 



JESCHINES. 211 

33 8- iyxonodijcpd-ivTi,] from ^yy.aTalafx6avB0&m, to be seized, and 
not eyxaialeicpd-ivTi from tyxaiaXelTieo&eii, to be abandoned; un- 
less we refer it to the word drjpog, that is, abandoned by the 
people of Athens; but the sense would then be rather forced. 

12. avvta&iq.'] subsidies. This name was given to the con- 
tributions of the allies or others over whom they had an influ- 
ence, but who were not considered exactly as subjects, with 
regard to whom they employed the word cpogog, tribute. 

19. v.al Xalxideag] I have restored the xul which not only 
gives greater force, but also expresses to the hearer, according 
to the intention of yEschines, how little Demosthenes had 
cared for the interest of the Athenians when he said, having 
ivritten for form's sake, and that the Chalcidians should 
assist the Athenians if any one attacked them. 

25. vGTzgag] Most other editions have vGxigag noLsla&ai, 
but the repetition is entirely without grace, and must have been 
inserted by the copyist. It is too unpleasant to require the 
least hesitation in removing it. And I have also changed, upon 
my own authority, the word ngoxtgov to ngoxigag. 

27. ygacp^v] is here put for a letter. It is used in this way 
by the modern Greeks ; but seldom as meaning an accusation. 

30. ol aaigol] the opportunities have been sold, important as 
they were. The article is as proper when joined to xaigol, 
as it would be wrong if it were annexed to the words that fol- 
low. 

34 6* ogojvxojv, cpgovovvTcov, ^Isnovjoiv] whilst you were perceiv- 
ing, thinking, seeing. There is a gradation in these words ; 
ogav and ftlinuv are synonymous, although the first is used 
here metaphorically for seeing with the intellectual sight, or 
perceiving, and the second for seeing with our own eyes. 

35 12. °Av&eGTi]gi(ovog] of the month of April ; during which 
they celebrated the feast of Bacchus called Av&sGtrjgia, from 
av&og, that is, feast ofjloivers, dm to ttXugtoc twv £x rrjg yrjg 
av&elv tot?. 

15. Kat yug %i ovzog o av&gwnog] For this fellow does some- 
thing peculiar and uncommon. Other editions have Kal yag 
tovjo avd-gwnog, but according to my correction the passage is 



212 NOTES. 

more energetic, and more natural ; so that there probably was 35 
a mistake of the copyist. 

2. ovGTQsipaq,] This word is used metaphorically from dif- 36 
ferent animals, and particularly the serpent, that coils itself up 
to collect its force before attacking. As if he said ; Diverting 
your attention from his fraud, and having suspended you 
in hope, then collecting his strength for the last blow, or seiz- 
ing the favorable moment for his great attach, he orders, fyc. 
"Slgnsq TOi 3-rjQLU ovoTqiipavTa iavxa [id%ST(u, toiccvtv Tig av ur\ ov- 
gqo(f)7] yjn Xoyov, v.u&dnEq ovonEiqa^iivov nqhg dsivoTTjTct. Deme- 
trius Phalereus, § 8. 

7. ug 'jlgsov, x. r. X.] I have here on my own authority cor- 
rected the text which I considered defective ; for I could not 
leave it, as it stands in other editions, slg 'Slqebv nqbg Tsg ^Jlgsliag 
nqsoSsig, oirivtg dsriGoviai xul avxol' the reasons for doing so, 
and the obscurity, at first sight, of ^Jlqsnag nqiodsig, that seem 
to agree together, are too evident to need explanation. 

9. nsqag dndvTuv iv] I have preferred this instead of the 
common nsql andvTcav inl, for it is stronger. It has much the 
same force as, to put the seal to his wickedness. 

28. oV o] more commonly 816, therefore; but oV o,for which, 
is preferable, since it is referred to tuXuvtov, more naturally than 
to Xa6wv. 

11. sag to xEcpalv.Lov ant doGav •] till they have paid the prin- 37 
pal. The word xecpdXaiov is used in modern Greek in the same 
sense ; onoiog ^tjteI noXv 8id(poqov %dvsi xal to zecpdXaiov, he who 
asks too high interest, loses principal and interest too. 

28. to Kiqqaiov] Cirrha was a town of Phocis, at the foot 
of mount Parnassus, thirty stadia from Delphi. It seems that 
the city gave its name to a plain in the neighbourhood. 

29. i$dy lotos] polluted; as if he should say Xiav ivayrjg xal 
e^nXeog ayovg, which last word is equivalent to ^ivoog, plaofia. 

31. 3 AxgayaXXldai,] a people of Phocis, near Cirrha. 

3. 'ApcpixTvovag '] The Amphictyons were the deputies of the 38 
people and cities of Greece, who represented the whole nation, 
and were similar to the States General. They had full power 
to concert, resolve upoh, and order whatever seemed to them 



iESCHINES. ^ 213 

38 to be for the public good. Amphictyon, third king of Athens, 
instituted them, in order to unite the Greeks more closely, and 
form of them one nation, whose union might excite terror and 
respect in the Barbarians. Afterwards, Acrisius, king of Ar- 
gos, perfected the institution. The Amphictyons assembled 
twice a year ; in autumn, at Thermopylae, in the temple of 
Ceres, built in the middle of a large plain near the river Aso- 
pus ; in the spring, at Delphi, in the famous temple of Apollo. 
The Amphictyonic nations were twelve in number, and each 
one had a right to send two deputies ; the one called Ugofjivij- 
|uwy, keeper of the sacred records, was charged with every thing 
relating to religion, and was superior to the other, called 
Ilvlayogag, orator sent as deputy to Thermopylae, naga to inl 
UvXala ayogsvsiv. The former was chosen by lot ; the latter 
by an extension of the hand. 

12. *A&7]va JJgovala] At Delphi they honored Minerva un- 
der the name JJ gov a la, dice to ngo tov vaov Idgvo&ca, because 
they had erected a temple for her opposite to that of Apollo. 
Hesychius speaks of it thus, JJgovalag A&yvag Tifisvog iv JeI- 
cpoTg, as if he would say Minerva, before the temple. At Ath- 
ens they worshipped the same goddess under the name ng 6- 
volu, oxl ngovvo7]0£v onwg tsxoi r\ Ar\T(h, because having fore- 
seen the time of Latona , s confinement, she prepared every thing 
that was necessary. But as they are speaking here of the Mi- 
nerva of Delphi, and not of the one at Athens, I have with- 
out hesitation put JJgovala instead of JJgovola. 

15. 2ol(x>vog\ According to Plutarch, Solon there applied 
himself to poetry, as an amusement for his leisure hours ; but 
afterwards used it for inculcating the most important maxims 
of philosophy. The same author gives us several fragments on 
different subjects. If we may believe Diogenes Laertius, he 
composed more than four thousand verses. 

28. iigogTgo7ti]v] imprecation, or invocation of the vengeance 
of heaven, for the stain of a crime. This word comes from 
xgonaiov, since those who slew any of the enemy after the 
trophy was set up, were considered as ngogrgonaioi, synonymous 
with ivayelg, stained with crime. 



214 NOTES. 

20. ol Aoxgol] The Locrians were divided into 'O'Colcu, 39 
Ozolce, from o^ovaiv olov, and had Amphissa for their capital, 
^Afixpiaoav oi/rw xXtjS-eIoccv did to E^inEQLEXEO&ai idlg oqegi Tolg 
xsifisvoLg ' 'Em&yvQtoi, Opuntians, because they lived by the 
sea ; and in "Emxvy\iiloioi, Epicnemidii, who lived near mount 
Cnemis. 

8. zov dulfiova xal tt]v jv/rjv,] The first of these words means, 40 
the supreme intelligence ; the second, the goddess who presides 
over events, Fortune. But they are sometimes both used in 
the last sense, by a mere pleonasm, as in Latin, forte fortuna. 

11. Msidlav] This was the same Midias who struck Demos- 
thenes in the full theatre ; and against whom the latter wrote 
an oration that is still extant. 

12. AvayvquGiov] °Avayvgyg was a borough of the Erecthean 
tribe, where it was pretended there grew a fetid plant, which 
gave rise to the proverb dvdyvgov xlveTv, applied to those who 
touch any thing to their own injury. 

13. Aexxlov,] It is commonly written Aeg6lov, but I have 
prefered Aexxlov, because Asxxog was a borough of the Anti- 
ochian tribe. 

24. xaivov — i$agdGaodai,~] In speaking here of the new 
temple he does not mean that there were two at Delphi, but 
refers to the same one, which having been burnt was rebuilt 
by the Amphictyons. It is said that this temple remained for 
a long time unfinished, till the emperor Nero, passing that way, 
finished it. Hence we find nglv E^Eigydad-au and i^EgydaaoS-ca, 
before the work was finished. But I have preferred the reading 
t&Qdoao&ai, which means to consecrate, exteIegui rag dgdg, tov- 
tegtl rag Evydq inl Tcag logvGEGi twv vawv, at eIw&gcoi noiuo&ai. 
They might accuse the Athenians for consecrating the golden 
bucklers, in the new temple, before the customary ceremonies 
had been performed ; but I do not see how they could do so, 
because they had consecrated them before the work was fin- 
ished. 

26. dnb Mr}dmv xal 0i]6al(av,] The Persians and Medes hav- 
ing been united by the victories of Cyrus, sometimes the 
name Medes was given to the Persians. The first time they 



^SCHINES. 215 

40 came to attack Greece, the Thebans joined them and assisted 
them in their enterprise. 

41 9. o Kgw6vlog ixuvog] The word imlvog, this, is emphatic 
and shows that Crobylus was well known. Harpocration says 
that it was a surname of Hegesippus, the orator ; which was 
probably the case ; xguSvlog signifying in Greek a tuft of hair 
bound up. But we do not know on what subject, or on what 
occasion, he had proposed an alliance with the Phocians. 

42 2. acpoom "] avrl tov anov.a&aigto, acpccyvl£(Q, Harpoc. J keep 
our city pure from pollution as to the worship of the gods, or / 
rescue our country from the guilt of sacrilege. 

3. ivriQZTai fxsv xa xava,] word for word, it means, the baskets 
have begun, but is metaphorically used for the divine service 
has begun, since there were never any sacrifices without bas- 
kets in which to put the offerings, knife, and other things ne- 
cessary in the ceremony ; and the procession always began with 
carrying the baskets. Many passages would explain the phrase, 
but it will suffice to mention Eurip. Electr. 1142. 
Kavovv d ivrjQXTca xal xs&riyfxivT] ocpaylg. 
Some however think that it ought to be evrigxai or inrjgTai, 
induced by the passage of Aristoph. Aves, 851. 

Hal, not, to Kavovv algsoS-s xal xr\v %£gvi,6a. 

23. oool inl diexeg ^wdt,] those who attained the age of pu- 
berty two years since, that is, those who are sixteen years old. 

26. Ovxuov] name of a place so called naga to &veiv, as if 
we should say, the place of victims. 

43 9. exxlyoLav — tcov ^AjxcpLXTVovav] The Amphictyons had 
two sorts of assemblies. In the ovvedgiov, particular assembly, 
only the deputies from Greece were present ; in extraordi- 
nary cases they called together sxkItjoIu, a general assembly, 
where each one might take a. part in the deliberations, but 
the right of voting was reserved to the deputies alone. The 
others who were present on the occasion were called to xoivbv 
Tbsv A}icpLY.Tv6v(x}v, the commonalty of the Amphictyons. 

12. xgoi^iivovg tm Ssm.] Those who questioned the oracle. 
For they said 6 AjioXIcov %ga } in speaking of its responses, and 
of those who questioned it, xg^vTai. 



216 NOTES. 

16. nqb xr\g imovarjg ITvlalag] before the approaching assembly, 43 
Tr\g GjgiG[isvrjc xal reray{.iEvrjg vnb twv ngoyovwv, at Thermopylae 

at an appointed time, which was a av/alr/Tog Tlvlala, having a 
decree which they carried from home, oI'xo&fv insvsyxovTeg. 

23. vcp tj/awv] this decree having been rendered by us iLvla- 
yoQwv * he says we, as being one of those who had been nom- 
inated deputies to the Council of the Amphictyons. 

6. diacpELiisvoov] and the people having been dismissed. This 44 
is preferable to the common reading ds acpsifiivwv. 

27. nlr)v {nag nolsoog] twv OrjScjv, Thebes, entirely ruined 
by Alexander. 

31. top (Pagoafaov] This does not agree with what is found 
in a decree cited by Demosthenes, p. 141. 1. 3. from which 
it seems that Cottyphus was an Arcadian. But Pharsalia was 
a town of Thessaly, and there was none of that name in Ar- 
cadia. It might be that Cottyphus was an native of Arca- 
dia, who had settled in Pharsalia ; and that ^Eschines spoke of 
his adopted country. 

17. 2xv&ag] Philip having a personal quarrel with Atheas, 45 
king of Scythia, marched against him, defeated his numerous 
army, and took considerable booty. 

22. yojvag TTQorjxd^svoi ;] having almost uttered human voices. 
It is formed from the verb livai, and is preferable to the com- 
mon ngognTTjaa^svoi, since we say acplri^ii cpo3vr\v. 

26. r) tmv [avotwv xilzvxr] ;] the death of the initiated. It 
relates to the circumstance reported on this occasion, that the 
initiated going into the sea to purify themselves, two were 
destroyed by a whale. 

2. a&VTMV xal axaXfoegrJTav] These two words mean the 46 
same thing ; sacrifices with bad auspices, and are one of those 
elegant pleonasms used to strengthen or weaken the sense ; 
isga ad-vja, sacrifices that are not sacrifices, to express t« pj 
xala yevopsva, a common mode of speaking among the Greeks, 
like fiiog aSlcoxog, xugig a/agig, and many others. 

19. o yr)v xocl vdwg — ahuv] It was the customary man- 
ner among the Persians, when exacting submission of those 
whom they wish to subject to themselves, to ask for land and 
water. 



^SCHINES. 217 

46 31. Aaxzoaipovioi] The Lacedcemonians, having assisted the 
Phocians in a war which they sustained against several nations 
of Greece, for having profaned the lands sacred to Apollo, 
were suspected in the course of the war of having had some 
share Math the Phocians in first pillaging the temple. 

47 3. ofiriQEvoovxsq] To serve as hostages. ''O^gol uglv ol inl 
Gvp6uoei 8i86(isvoi. Harpocr. The Lacedaemonians wishing to 
throw off the Macedonian yoke, when Alexander was carrying 
on war in Asia, revolted and engaged all Peloponnesus on their 
side. But their attempt did not succeed. They were con- 
quered by Antipater, who allowed them to send an embassy to 
the king to learn their fate from his own mouth. 

8. fj v.oivr\ v.uTacpvyr] twv c EXXriv(av,~\ ./Eschines, by calling 
Athens the common asylum of Greece, bestowed on it the 
highest praise ; but he only used the words of Apollo, who, 
being consulted by the Lacsedemonians to know whether they 
should destroy Athens, answered, %r\v tcolvtjv c JEXXadog eoxlav fj,rj 
'Aivuv, they should not touch the common asylum of Greece. 

16. c Halo8og] The poet Hesiod is commonly thought to have 
been contemporary with Homer. It is said that he was born 
at Cuma, a city of ^Eolia, but that he was brought up and edu- 
cated at Ascra, in Boeotia, which afterwards passed for his 
country. All the poetry that we have from him is in hexame- 
ter verse. His works are, 1. Works and Days ; 2. The 
Theogony ; 3. The Shield of Hercules. From the first of 
them, the following lines were taken. 

20. yvca^iag ix^iavS-diveLV,] For I think it is on this account 
that, when children, we learn by heart the maxims of the 
poets. It was an ancient custom in Greece to teach the chil- 
dren the maxims of the poets. By this kind of study the 
young exercised their memories, improved their minds, and 
formed their hearts, which was the principal end proposed ; 
since they were inspired, early with a hatred of vice and love 
of virtue. There were many works formed entirely of short 
sentences ; such were, the moral poem of Theognis, the in- 
structions of Phocylides, the Golden Verses attributed com- 
monly to Pythagoras, &c. And in general, the works of the 
28 



218 NOTES. 

Greek poets abound in passages proper for instructing men in 47 
all ranks and conditions of life. We may say that reading the 
poets leads to the love of virtue, since seeing the words and 
actions of great and good men, we wish to resemble them ; for 
poetry has peculiar charms to attract the mind, and to fix good 
impressions in the memory and upon the heart. 

3. fJiQvvoji'dag, — EvgvBdTog,] The first was a famous cheat 48 
and villain, who having executed many fraudulent plans, left 
his name to be given to others of the same class. ®gvvo)vdag 
twv E7il Tiovrjgla dia6s6oi][.isv(t)v ' og £ivog wv xaia ra ITeXotiovvt]- 
aiav.a 8i£tqi6zv 'A&rjvyoiv. The second was from Ephesus, and 
was sent by Crcesus with a large sum of money, nominally, to 
be carried to Delphi ; but, in fact, that he might recruit as 
many soldiers as possible in the Peleponnesus, for a war that 
the king of Lydia was carrying on against Persia. Eurybatus 
instead of effecting his mission, betrayed the cause, and re- 
vealed the whole to Cyrus. This treachery being remarkable 
among the Greeks, when they wished to reproach any one for 
his roguery they called him an Eurybatus. EvgvBaxog nov^gog ' 
a no tov Tisjjcpd-ivTog vnb Kgolaov inl ^EVoXoylav [xetv, ^g^fidxav — 
ilia f.isTa6allofiivov ngog Kvgov. Suidas. 

5. fiayog xal yorjg] These words are in some degree synony- 
mous ; f-myog, an honorable appellation, as applied to Persian 
priests, is here used entirely in the signification in which 
it is employed by the modern Greeks, viz. one who hy sorcery, 
or rather hy jugglers' tricks? seeks to deceive the world; y6t]g 
means an impostor who invokes evil spirits? and the dead? that 
he may more easily ensnare the superstitious and the ignorant. 

14. Ogaov6ovXog 6 KoXXvxEvg?~\ KoXXvxog dfyog ion T7jg Aiyrfi- 
dog (pvlrig, which sufficiently distinguishes him from Thrasybu- 
lus, the famous restorer of Athenian liberty, who was 2Jzeigisvg. 

24. Ttgozgixpaa-d-ai, z. t. X.] to engage them to enter into alliance 
with us. The ancient enmity between the Thebans and Athe- 
nians went so far that Pindar having said Xmagal xal doidL^ioi? 
c EXXddog Egsiofxcc, nXstval *A&r\vai, splendid and celebrated Athens? 
the hidwark of Greece, was condemned to pay a heavy fine, 
which the Athenians doubly discharged ; and they also erected 
a statue of bronze to him. 



^SCHINES. 219 

49 1. *£XaTsiav] This was a city of Phocis near Thebes. It 
was an important post both for the Thebans and even the 
Athenians ; as was shown by the consternation its capture 
caused among the latter. 

13. xa nqay^axa Ssdrjlcoxs,] He hated the Thebans still more, 
as the event showed, says ^Eschines ; since Philip, after the bat- 
tle of Chseronea, where the Athenians and Thebans were 
conquered together, treated the latter much the more seve- 
rely ; putting a garrison in their city, whilst he concluded a 
peace with the Athenians, and sent back their prisoners with- 
out ransom. 

20. tzdoTov — BoHorlav — Or t 6aioig,'\ He gave up Boeotia 
to the Thebans. It must be remembered that Thebes was the 
capital, and not the mistress of Bceotia. The sovereign coun- 
cil assembled at Thebes, when the principal towns, Tanagra, 
Thespiae, Platsea, and several others, sent their deputies called 
Bceotarchs, chiefs or rulers of Boeotia. 

23. BoiwTolq toXs iv Oy6aig,] This is a circumlocution, 
meaning the Thebans. It is used by the orator to avoid of- 
fending the ear of his hearers, who had almost always been 
mortal enemies of the Thebans, and friends of the other 
Boeotians. It is for this reason that iEschines accuses De- 
mosthenes of deceiving the people by artful expressions, ovopa- 
Gi xXstitoov %a ngayiiaxa, the word y.Hmav is here synonymous 

With XQV71TWV. 

50 4. 2TQaTovliv.,~\ No general of the name of Stratocles is 
mentioned in history as commanding the troops of the Atheni- 
ans after their alliance with the Thebans. Chares and Lysicles 
are mentioned as commanders of the Athenian army at the 
battle of Chseronea; it may, however, have been under the 
orders of Stratocles in several lesser engagements before that 
battle. 

17. Kad^islav,] The name of the citadel of Thebes. 

24. diadataoLav] Dispute concerning priority. /Jiudixa- 
ala' ov% unlag naoa dim] diadixaala xuXihai, alt iv alq neoi 
Tivog ajj,cpig67]T)]aig ionv, otm ngogrjHSL (auIXov. Bekkeri Anecdd. 
p. 236. What the Germans call prioritdtsstreit. 



220 NOTES. 

29. y.al Tovg (ivQiovg, a. t. X.] Having placed the ten thousand 50 
mercenary soldiers in the pay of the inhabitants of Amphissa. 
I know of no historian who mentions the fact here related by 
iEschines. 

23. liiibiv T7}v tcx&v] An allusion to the cowardice of Demos- 5 1 
thenes at the battle of Chaeronea, where he threw away his 
shield and shamefully fled from his post. 

24. o ttHoxiJtbg noXsfAog] Most of the nations of Greece, and 
in particular the Thebans, declared war against the Phocians, 
who had profaned, by cultivating them, the lands consecrated 
to Apollo. This war was very long, and was called the Pho- 
olan or sacred war. 

4. fyeidlag] Phidias, a famous ancient sculptor, who, togeth- 52 
er with the greatest skill in his art, possessed a highly cultiva- 
ted mind. One of his principal works was his statue of Mi- 
nerva. Alcamenes and he had been engaged to make a statue 
of this goddess, to be placed upon a very high pillar. When 
the two statues were finished, they were brought forward and 
shown in public. The Minerva of Alcamenes, when the spec- 
tators stood near it, appeared an admirable piece of work- 
manship and was preferred by all. That of Phidias was 
thought hideous, and both sculptor and statue were greatly 
ridiculed. "Place them," said he, " on the pillar where they 
are to stand." They were placed there by turns, and the 
Minerva of Alcamenes no longer appeared worthy of ap- 
plause, while that of Phidias had such an air of grandeur 
and of majesty that the spectators gazed at it with unwearied 
admiration. 

8. KteoqxZvTog] This is probably the same Cleophon men- 
tioned in the oration of yEschines on the False Embassy, in 
the pleadings of Lysias against Agoratus, and against Nico- 
machus, and in some comedies of Aristophanes, particularly 
that of the Frogs ; c J2g "AgiOTOTsXrjg <pyol, ^tcc ti\v ev ^Agyivsaaig 
yaviiv;/iav, Aaxedocbfiovrnv fiovXofisvcov ix AzxeXelag aniivai, icp olg 
s/ovoiv exuTsgoi, xal uq7]V7]V uysiv em tov Kc.XXlov, KXsocpwv 
ensias tov drjfiov [ii] ngogbi^aod-au, iX&cjv sig ttjv ixxXyolav [ze&vcov 
- xal &wgaxa ivdsdvxcag, ov cpdoxwv inirgiipeiv, iotv firj ndaag dcpwoi 



jESCHINES. 221 

52 Tag nolug ol Aay.sdai[i6vL0L. Ovrog 8s 6 Klsocpwv wg &vog ztafita- 
dsbiai, Ttal §ao6aoog. Scholiast on v. 1574. See also v. 1541. 
and v. 690. 

27. iyxrofiid'CsLV ttjv exeIvojv agsT^v."] It was the custom of the 
Athenians to bring to the city the bones of the citizens who 
died fighting for their country, to bury them at the public ex- 
pense, and to choose an orator to pronounce an eulogy over 
them. Demosthenes was chosen for those who fell at Chaeronea, 
and he shows in his speech how much he was gratified by the 
choice. The eulogy was commonly pronounced on the spot 
where the bones of the soldiers had been interred. 

53 12. "Eklrjv xal] The xal is here used in explanation of "EXXyv, 
and this signification appears to me more consistent with the 
ideas prevalent at that time, than that which we should derive 
from the common reading, "Ettrjv rj xal. 

18. Tovg ogcpavovg,] Plato in the Menexenes, which contains 
a funeral oration, speaks of the custom here mentioned by 
iEschines, and nearly in the same terms. 

28. %l nox avEQEt, q Ti cp&ey&Toci /] What will he proclaim, 
or what will he say 1 This appears to me preferable to av 
iQu, and the more so because av ought not to be construed 
with the future indicative. If it be erased, the two words will 
have nearly the same signification, and I do not believe that 
this is one of the pleonasms frequently used for the sake of ele- 
gance. If the orator had used it in that sense, he would per- 
haps have put y.al instead of ^'. The use of the latter particle 
sufficiently shows that these two words must have a different 
signification, and this is in favor of the reading I have adopted, 
although this future is rarely used, the aorist avems being much 
more common. 

30. GiajTtrjd-rjosTai,] The first future middle oiwnijoeTai is 
more common, but I have not hesitated to adopt GiMJty&y- 
Gziai as having a greater analogy with the modern future, S-s 
va guott^&J]' for the modern Greek is a true guide to the 
critic, since it contains valuable remains of the ancient idiom, 
which will throw light upon the sense of authors that often 
appear obscure on account of the incorrect interpretation 



222 NOTES. 

of words, the true signification of which is yet retained in 53 
the modern language ; it is also a valuable assistance in choos- 
ing from various readings, preventing us from altering a text 
in which the passage that appears defective is merely an 
idiom, still found in the living tongue, and thus proved to 
be rightly used. 

6. Xaiaxs] Several critics write larais, but this is an error ; 54 
the accent should be on the antepenult. 

13. to fiuoiliKov xQvoiov '] The royal gold, that is, the gold 
of Darius, king of Persia, who, seeing that Philip after in- 
vading Greece intended to attack his kingdom, used all his pow- 
er in support of Demosthenes, the fiercest enemy of the king 
of Macedonia. The orator, who loved his country, defended 
it against the ambition of Philip, who vainly sought to bribe 
him ; but as he was no enemy to wealth, he was not sorry to 
be able at the same time to consult the interests of Athens by 
favoring the views of Darius, when consistent with the welfare 
of his country, and to augment his own fortune from the im- 
mense riches of this prince. He thus gratified two passions, 
one of which was far from being so noble as the other. 

15. vofilaajs ogav, a. t. L] There can be nothing more touch- 
ing and more pathetic than this description of Thebes in 
flames, and we cannot cast our eyes upon this admirable pic- 
ture, without being deeply affected. 

31. h>a fi7]dsig avioo^dm^] That no one may carelessly ex- 
pose the persons of the Greeks. The root of this word is G/sdla, 
a vessel hastily constructed, vavg azaxaay^vaoTog, anb Zvlav [io- 
vov anzglTTwg avvxed-u^ivij, from axsdbv, nearly, as being nearly, 
but yet not completely finished. 

15. NavaLylu] Nausicles, an Athenian general, distinguish- 55 
ed on several occasions by his liberality towards the state. He 
is mentioned in the oration of Demosthenes. (P. 127, 1. 27.) 

18. naliv av] This is an Attic parallelism sometimes used, 
and preferable to the common reading nahv avxog. (See p. 
123, 1. 5.) 

19. Ilavaavlov,] Pausanias was a young nobleman of the 
court of Philip, who had not been able to obtain justice from 
that prince, and who assassinated him to revenge himself. 



.ESCHINES. 223 

55 19. in ahla tf EvayyEXmv ug &valag xtjv fiovXyv xaxiaxrjGEv,] 
On account of good news, he induced the senate to make sacri- 
fices. I have followed my own judgment in thus correcting 
the text, which is commonly read thus, uq ahlav ds svayysXlwv 
dvolag ttjv fiovXyv xaxioxijos, which gives the same sense as : 
ahiaa&ai ds xy\v ftovXip etxoIi]GE xov svayyiha fi-vaai. Some 
editions have EvayysXlcov aal S-valug, that is, xal &voai ine 
xaXoig r t yysX^iEvoig. Reiske adds after %axEoxr\os the word 
noirioai, and I presume that he gives to the word ahla, the same 
signification as I do. In that case his whole sentence gives 
the same sense as mine, which being at the same time more 
concise and more closely according to the text, appears prefer- 
able. We still say at the present day, inl xlvi ahla tjX&e, 
what is the motive which made him come, or on what account 
did he come ; but even giving to the word ahla, the signification 
accusation, my correction has some advantage. 

21. Magylxyv] This word is composed of the negative par- 
ticle [irj and Igyov, work, thus meaning good for nothing. This 
name was given to silly persons on account of the satirical poem 
called Magy Ixrjg' og noXXa fj.sv ^nlgaxo i'gya, xaxtog <5' rjJilgaxo 
navxa, attributed to Homer and no longer extant. It describes 
the character of its hero in these terms : 

Tov 8 ovx ag oxanavija &soav Ssol, ovx agoxijga, 

Ovx uXXcog xl aocpov. 
Suidas says that Margites was a man celebrated for his idiocy. 
He affirms that this prince of fools could not count beyond five ; 
that after his marriage he was afraid to live with his wife, 
lest she should tell it to their common friends ; that when he 
was grown up, he put this curious question to his mother, 
whether she and he were not children of the same father. 

22. oig ov 7iivi]d-i}OExai ex Maxsdovlag,] This prediction of 
Demosthenes was soon proved false by the extravagant ambition 
of Alexander, of whom Plutarch relates, that when he heard 
the philosopher Anaxarchus say that there was an infinity of 
worlds, he shed tears from the despair which he felt of ever 
being able to conquer them all, since, as yet, he had been un- 
able to conquer a single one. 



224 NOTES. 

23. nelly] Edessa was originally the residence of the kings 55 
of Macedonia, and afterwards Pella, still more famous for the 
birth of Philip and of Alexander. Livy describes at length 
the advantageous situation of this town, and mentions that the 
consul Paulus Emilius, after having attentively examined it, 
declared that it was no wonder the kings of Macedonia had 
chosen for their capital so strong a place, the only entrance to 
which was by a bridge, which could be easily guarded by a 
handful of men. 

24. anldyxva cpvlazzovja •] Some critics understand by this 
passage that Alexander, fearful for his life, examined the en- 
trails of the victims seeking for good omens for his personal 
safety. This interpretation appears to me too far fetched to be 
correct, and I am inclined to think the sense is, he was satis- 
fied with walking through his capital, and preserving his life, 

since, naturally, if he lost his entrails he lost his life. It is 
an idiomatic phrase, and we still say in modern Greek, pj 
Xolgjiq TuvTsgd gov, in the sense of take care you do not lose 
your life ; as in Italian, salvar la panda pei fclii, and in 
German, zu seinen kutteln sorge tragen. 

1. Ki&atgcovog] Cithceron, a celebrated mountain in Boeotia, 55 
consecrated to Bacchus. It is said to be derived from the 
Syriac or Phoenician kathar, signifying a rock. 

7. ndgaloc] Instead of the common reading nagdlioi. nd~ 
galog was one of the galleys despatched on public business, and 
so called from some hero of this name. The crew were called 
ndgaloi, they received four oboli a day for their service, and 
remained at home the greater part of the year. They had also 
some other privileges granted by the city. They were called not 
only ndgaloi but also nagaXixav. Reiske conjectures ^agodlioi 
to be the proper word. 

9. ''AgiGTLwv IJlaxaLxog,] Aristion, a Platcean. Omog 2d^iog 
[isv egtiv r\ nlaxaisvg, wg Alvlldg cprjGiv, in [lugaKvlllov halgog 
/J7][toGd-ivovg. ^Entny&ri ds in awov ngog c H(paiGTL(i)va evsxa 
diallaycav, wg cpi]GL MaqGvuq iv nspnxco tcov nsgl dli^avdqov* 
Harpocr. 



iESCHINES. 225 

56 17. vtiotqcxel] This word is used figuratively, and signifies to 
insinuate, to steal imperceptibly into favor. It is like the Ger- 
man sicli bey einem einschleichen. 

26. axaTuoxsvwv] Used in three manuscripts of Bekker for 
the common anugaaxsvav, which was probably introduced by 
the negligence of transcribers ; for the sense of axaTaoxevcov is 
better and more consistent, while his own affairs were not 
yet settled, were still in confusion ; it is here almost synonymous 
with TSTaQ(xy[j.svcov. 

57 2. oaviov] Better and more forcible than the common read- 
ing £0WT\y. 

9. ag i$rjQT7}y,Evog in twv dv.y.vvXoov neQirjug,] The letters which, 
hanging from between your fingers, you showed around to one 
person after another ; a description of the manner of Demos- 
thenes, by which the orator meant to say, the letters which you 
showed with great ostentation and ceremony. 

11. xQ V0 ^Q (av > *■ T - *•] H- e ca tt e d nie the bull with gilded 
horns ; that is, a man on the point of perishing, a man just 
going to be slain. This is an allusion to the custom of gilding 
the horns of oxen, when about to be sacrificed. The same 
thing was done to any large victim. The smaller victims, 
as the goat and the ram, were merely crowned with leaves 
of the plant consecrated to each divinity, as the oak to Ju- 
piter, the laurel to Apollo, the olive to Minerva, the myrtle 
to Venus, the poplar to Hercules, the ivy to Bacchus. Homer 
in the Odyssey, book III, speaks of a bull with gilded horns. 

12. xaTEOTicpd-ui] I have been crowned like a victim. Thus 
when Philip consulted the Pythian priestess with regard to his 
expedition against the Persians, she answered : "EGxzmai usv 6 
xavgoq, z%u rslog, egtiv o S-vacav. The event soon showed that 
the oracle related to Philip, and not to the Persians. 

14. d'g Tiva v.aiqov avs6aXXa y,allLo).~\ You waited for a better 
opportunity, ironically, and as a reproach. Some critics read 
it interrogatively : ug zlva xcugov avs6allov -nalHoi ; for what 
better opportunity do you wait ? 

17. Kogqa/ov] The different interpreters and commentors 
cannot agree whether the word Corragus is the name of a man 
29 



226 NOTES. 

who commanded the army which was cut to pieces, or the name 57 
of a town ; and we have no history sufficiently minute to enable 
us to decide with regard to these details, and to fix the sig- 
nification of the word. The negl, however, is favorable to 
the latter opinion, in coincidence with Ortelius, who in his 
Dictionary counts Corragus among the towns or fortresses of 
Macedonia, quoting in his support not only iEschines, but also 
Livy. 

21. 6 ds 'AXs'Zavdgog, a. x. X.] Alexander, after the defeat of 
Darius, had penetrated into the nothern part of Asia, towards 
the Arctic pole. The orator, either for exaggeration, or because 
the Greeks in truth knew nothing beyond this, says that he 
had passed the arctic pole, and almost overpassed the boun- 
daries of the universe. 

1. "AfinelovgySat, v.. x. L] Some manage the state like a vine- 58 
yard; some have cut the shoots of the people; the nerves of busi- 
ness are severed ; ice are sewed up in narrow places as in mats ; 
some thread us like needles. These metaphors are very strange, 
and appear very inelegant, and the more so because they do 
not at all resemble the style of Demosthenes ; but it is probable 
that his artful antagonist brings together into a single pas- 
sage what was said at very different times and in very different 
places. Let us hear, however, upon this passage, the opinion 
of a celebrated orator. Cicero, after having spoken of De- 
mosthenes as an orator full of circumspection, and better ac- 
quainted than any one else with the exact import and propriety 
of words, adds : " JEschines, however, attacks him for certain 
harsh, disgusting, and insupportable expressions ; he does more ; 
for addressing him by the insulting name of beast, he asks 
him if these are expressions or monsters. So that Demosthe- 
nes himself, in the opinion of iEschines, offends the delicacy 
of an Attic ear. But it is very easy," continues Cicero, "to 
criticise a. word spoken in a moment of warmth, and to make 
it a subject of ridicule when the feelings of the hearers have 
cooled. Demosthenes, too, merely defends himself in a pleas- 
ant way, and asserts that the safety of the Greeks does not de- 
pend upon a word or a gesture." The last, expression is com- 



MS CHINES. 227 

58 monly written Tivig ngwxov, but the adverb makes no sense here, 
and I have therefore preferred to put ^uag. Some read xovg 
nguxovg, that is, the first magistrates ; there are even some who 
read yfilv xov ngwxxbv, or ngcoxxov xov ^A&ijvalcov. But this 
reading gives us an image so ridiculous, and so indelicate, 
that it is not probable that we ought to lay it to the charge of 
Demosthenes. 

5. y.lvadog ;] When neuter, it signifies an animal whose skin 
was used in making helmets. It has been thought by some, 
however, to be a generic term, applied to all kinds of animals, 
and especially the fox. 2wslmxai ds xb y.lvadog aloinsxa sy.aksv. 
Klvaidog, the masculine, signifies a debauchee. 

59 8. aoslysiav xyg dcmavijg] The irregularity of his expenses, 
that is, his profusion in licentious and dissolute pleasures. 

23. zy. Ksga^sav,] Ksgotfisig was a borough of the Acaman- 
tian tribe, and had this name anb xqg xsQapiHijg xsyvr\g, xal xov 
■dvsiv Ksgdfio) xivl ijga'i. 

24. NvfAcpaiov] A village or town of Pontus, which paid 
every year one talent as a tribute to the Athenians. There 
was another town of this name in Tauric Chersonesus, be- 
tween Panticapseum and Theodosia. 

29. Kijnovg,] This was a town near the Bosphorus, called 
Krjnoi, the Gardens. It is very possible that it stood at the 
same place near Constantinople, which is now called BactzeJcioi, 
which likewise signifies gardens, in the Turkish language. 

60 2. ovvowioe xt]v [xsv ixigav oxcodijnoxE,] He married one of them 
to I shall not say whom. The name which JEschines here sup- 
presses through policy, Demosthenes himself reveals to us in the 
beginning of his second speech against Aphobus. Hgcjxov ph 
yag, J^fio/dg^g s%(ov adsXcpi)v xyg ifMJg f.ii]xgbg, &vyaxsga ds rvlto- 
vog. Our orator here acknowledges, then, that he was, by his 
mother, grandson of Gylon, and that Demochares had married 
his maternal aunt. This passage must have escaped Plutarch, 
who seems to doubt what JEschines here asserts, and speaks 
thus in his Life of Demosthenes : A^ioo^iv^g, 6 naxi]g Ar\- 
[ioo\}£vovg, i\v fxsv xwv xalcov xal aya&wv avdguv, wg loxogsl Oso- 
nofLTiog ' insnaXslxo ds ^axaigonoLog, igyaoxrigtov t/cov fiiya, xal 



228 NOTES. 

dovXovg ts%vIt(X$ Tovg xovxo ngdxxovxag. *A d' Alo%lvr\g o gijxwg oO 
d'gyxs nsgl xijg ^iijxghg wg ix FiiXcovog xwog hi ah la ngodoalag 
cpvyovxog s| aaxsog ysyovso, %al (3ag6agov yvvaixog, ova s/oixev 
slnstv, eVx aXy&cog sl'grjzsv, she fiXaocpyiAoov xaxaipsvdofievog. Plu- 
tarch has doubts with regard to this genealogy of Demosthenes, 
the truth of which, however, the latter confesses himself, as we 
have just seen. iEschines, then, said nothing but the truth on 
that score. 

4. nagidojv xovg — vopovg] In spite of the laws, according 
to which he who was convicted of having married a foreigner, 
and not an aarfv, was punished for it, as may be seen in the 
oration of Demosthenes against Necera. 

5. o nsglsgyog xal avxocpavxrjg oiiTog] This cunning and ca- 
lumniating Demosthenes; commonly without the word ovxog 
which, however, is here emphatic, and gives strength. As to 
the word avxocpavxrjg it is composed of avxov, Jig, and cpalvw, 
I declare ; because the Athenians having forbidden by law the 
exportation of figs out of Attica, thus gave occasion to the 
lower people to accuse and attack each other in a thousand 
ways. As these accusations were often ungrounded, and strong- 
ly resembled calumny, the word sycophant came to be used for 
calumniator. 

12. Xoyoygayog] This was the name given to one who wrote, 
for a compensation, speeches relating to trials, and differs from 
the word Xoyonoiog which signifies one who writes a few speech- 
es and fables. 

17. imiisxlviis] The gold of Persia overflowed his expenses, 
used figuratively for the gold of Persia was furnished abun- 
dantly for his expenses. 

2. Xomhv vizofiVTJoai, v.. x. X.] I have only to remind you of the Q 1 
laws against cowards. Tovxovg IdsL xal aixovg xal xovg ix xov- 
xwv, axl^iovg tivai, v.a\ onoaoi Xlnoav xi]V xaS,iv, r\ aaxgaxslag r\ 
dsiHag ocpXoisv, i] xip aanlda ano6aXoisv. Andocid. nsgl xojv 
Mvgi]glcov. Lysias also mentions the same thing against Alci- 
biades Awioxallag. The Spartans also, notwithstanding their 
military government, did not punish such persons with death ; 
but they were degraded, they were declared infamous, it was 



iESCHINES. 229 

61 unlawful to transact any business with them, in a word, they 
lived as if they were dead in a civil point of view. On this 
point we cannot avoid condemning Demosthenes, whose si- 
lence with regard to it is a proof of conviction ; for if he could 
have denied the fact, he would have done it, and with no little 
stir. 

12. I'|oj tow TtSQiggavxriglav, x. t. I.] Literally, excluded them 
from the lustral vessels in the forum, or better, excluded them 
from the purifying ablution used by those who assembled in 
the forum, or still more freely, excluded them from all par- 
ticipation in the assemblies. The word nsgiggavxrigiov is com- 
posed of nsQiy around, and galvca, I water, and signifies the 
vase in which was kept the purifying water. These were 
commonly placed in the temples, in the avenues to the forum, 
and at the places where roads met. Special care was taken 
also to place them at the doors of private houses, when any 
one died in the family, and the water was sprinkled over those 
who, were present at the funeral. A branch of the olive tree 
was used for this purpose, and the purifying water was consecrat- 
ed by the plunging in of a lighted brand, taken from the altar, 
while the victim was burning. Euripides, c llgax. Mcuvoy,. 931. 
MelXwv 5s daXov %ug\ ds$ia ysgeiv, 
Elg X£Q vl 6 W S flaipeiw jUxfirjvrjg roxog. 
In other respects, this water was used for purifying ceremonies 
of two kinds. The first consisted merely in washing the hands, 
and was called %egviip, from %elg, hand, and vlmw, I wash. The 
other extended to the whole body, and was called nsglggavaig. 
This practice remains in Greece at the present time almost 
without change from the ancient forms, except in the manner 
of consecrating the water. 

18. isgov tov Jcovvaov] The temple of Bacchus. Tragedies 
were performed in the temple, and the rewards of crowns were 
proclaimed there. That decreed to Demosthenes was to be 
proclaimed there according to custom. 
62 8. oiTr\Gug iv ngvTuvdoj] The privilege of being supported 
in the Prytaneum. This privilege was granted to those who 
had shown great zeal in the cause of the republic; and it 



230 NOTES. 

was one of the most honorable rewards which a citizen could 62 
obtain. 

9. xa joiavra] It is my own judgment that I have followed, 
in correcting thus, instead of leaving nald. 

10. xataTieTiXvTai to ngdy^ia,^ All this, from being indis- 
criminately granted, lias fallen into discredit. This expression 
is borrowed from fruits or vegetables, which by being continu- 
ally watered, at last lose their savour and retain but a watery 
taste ; or from clothes, which are injured by being injudi- 
ciously washed. 

18. Uava&^vaia] The Panathenaa were festivals celebrated 
at Athens in honor of Minerva, with a great deal of pomp, 
like the Bacchanalian festivals and those of Eleusis in honor 
of Bacchus and Ceres. These were the three greatest festi- 
vals of the Athenians. 

19. nayxgaTLov] Critics are not all of the same opinion 
with regard to the game called Pancratium. Some think it is 
thus called because the antagonists contended with their whole 
strength, navzl %qdxu. Plutarch appears to decide the question 
by saying that it was a mixed sort of contest, consisting both of 
boxing and wrestling : oil yaq [is{iixtcu to nayxqaxiov i% ts nvy- 
fjbijg vial italrjg, drjlov. This assertion, as well as the passage of 
./Eschines, rj vial alio tl tw fiaovTegajv a&lojv, or some other of 
our severest contests, are against those who think that Pancra- 
tium was the same as Pentathlum, including the five modes of 
contending known by the ancients ; al^a, nodcoxslr^, dlaviov, 
axovia, Ttaltjv. 

27. aywvo&hag] Taken figuratively for the judges. The 
agonothetcB presided at the solemn games of Greece, or at the 
private games of each city. They were obliged to swear that 
they would religiously observe all the laws prescribed in every 
kind of contest, and that they would do nothing either directly 
or indirectly against the order and the police established at 
these games. The agonothetge at Athens, as a part of their 
duty, had to superintend the proclamation of the crowns grant- 
ed as rewards to the citizens, as we see in the decrees quoted 
by Demosthenes. 



^SCHINES. 231 

63 7. t&vXrjs] Phyle, a fort in Attica, about a hundred stadia 
distant from Athens. During the domination of the thirty 
tyrants, a large number of citizens, enemies to a tyranical 
government and friends to democracy, left Athens, and went 
first to Phyle and afterwards to the Piraeus, under the com- 
mand of Thrasybulus and Archinus, whence they finally re- 
entered the city in triumph. 

8. Idgunddfi's] As it was frequently necessary to fit out fleets 
and to raise troops, Aristides was chosen to determine what 
sum should be assessed upon each Grecian city. It is a re- 
markable proof of the disinterestedness of this great man, 
that after having filled an office of such importance, he left at 
his death hardly enough to defray the expense of his funeral. 
The people gratefully took charge of the education and estab- 
lishment of his daughters. He died about four years after the 
exile of Themistocles. 

20. <5w££«s] This correction appears to me preferable to the 
common reading, dwQsccg ds Tivag elu^Oavov, a^iov igi [AvrjoS-rjvou. 

23. novov] Better than xqovov. Reiske corrects the text 
thus : ol rrolhovg nolvv vnofislvavxsg /govov xal [i. z. and Taylor 
ol JiolXovg vno[i. xal p. x. 

24. 2?tqv(xovl] It was under the command of Cimon, one of 
their great generals, that the Athenians fought and defeated 
the Persians near Strymon in Thrace. The Persians had 
seized several towns in this country, whence they greatly mo- 
lested the Greeks. Cimon followed up the advantages of his vic- 
tory, and drove them thence. JEschines mentions the Medes 
instead of the Persians, but we have already shown in a former 
note, how one of these names was often taken for the other. 

27. iv xfi GToa tJj tojv ^wy,] In the gallery of the Herman. 
A Hermes was a statue of Mercury made of a square stone 
upon which an inscription was written. 

28. c jEq[au)v, tcpijxe ds] I have thought proper to place a comma 
after c Eg^av, and to insert ds, as giving much greater strength 
and energy to the passage ; the people have granted them great 
honors, and yet have not permitted them to inscribe, fyc. Other 
editions commonly have icp Jjts p), agreeing with the word 
aToa' and others i<p wu. 



232 NOTES. 

3. £7i 3 fTl6vh] °H'l(hv was a town of Thrace, afterwards called 64 
Afiq>l7ioXig. 

4. Ai\iov t al'&cava] A farce and raging famine. The word 
aid-wv is sometimes employed by Homer as an epithet for a 
lion, to express its ferocity and violence ; and it is here borrow- 
ed from the violent and furious temper of a famished person. 

12. MsveaS-Evg] Homer speaks thus of Menestheus in the 
Iliad, B. 553 : 

Tbj 6* ovTio) Tig o^Lolog £nixd~6viog yivzx avrjg, 
KoafiTjoai Xnjiovg is zul avigag aoniduaxag. 

13. apnedlov,] For <xva nsdlov. It is also written eig nsdlov. 
15. Koo[M]T(oga] Some write Koa^Tijgcc. 

20. Gjoav tt]v tiolzIXtjv *] The Pcecile ; a portico thus called 
from the different paintings it contained, representing the bat- 
tle of Marathon. 

30. tw MrjTQqcp] The temple of Cybele, the mother of the 
Gods, built near the place where the Senate of the Five Hun- 
dred met. The statue was the work of Phidias. 

2. Agfivog 6 ex Kolhjg,] Koiltj is one of the boroughs of Atti- 65 
ca. Its tribe is not exactly known, but it is supposed to be the 
Hippothoonian. 

7. S-aXXov GTsqxxvojl The crown of olive leaves was thus 
called. 

12. 7igogd6cdlov] The imperfect is better than the aorist, 
since the Lacedemonians and the thirty tyrants attacked Phyle 
several times, and not once only. 

13. ovx oaoi, %: t. X.] And not those who fled from their post 
at Chceronea, at the approach of the enemy. JEschines omits 
no opportunity of reproaching Demosthenes for his cowardice 
at Chssronea. 

27. <E>iXa[ji[iG)va] Philammon was an Athenian athletes, con- 
temporary with our orators, who was always victorious over 
his antagonists. 

28. rXavxov] Glaucus, a celebrated athletes from Caristus 
in Euboea, who, according to common report, was descended 
from the sea god, Glaucus. The truth is, however, that this 
descendant of a god was the son of a mere laborer, named 



iESCHINES. 233 

65 Demylus. His ploughshare having one day become loose, 
Glaucus who was still young, mended it, using no hammer but 
his fist. Demylus seeing how well his son could strike, thought 
best to produce him at the Olympic games. At first Glaucus, 
little accustomed to such exercises, received several blows 
which greatly injured him; but just when it was expected 
that he would yield and leave the field, his father cried out 
to him ; What has become of that hand which hammered our 
plough so well ? The young man, animated by these words, 
struck his antagonist so severe a blow, that it decided at once 
the contest. He conquered on several other occasions at the 
solemn games of Greece ; twice in the Pythian games, and 
eight times in the Nemsean and Isthmian. His son caused a 
statue to be erected to him, made by Glaucias of iEgina. 
Glaucus was represented in the attitude of an athletes, because 
it was as such that he had distinguished himself, and had gain- 
ed the victory over all his contemporaries. After his death, 
the Carystians buried him in an island which is still called the 
island of Glaucus. 

66 4. HccTmxlMvog] PatcBcion was probably an Athenian minis- 
ter of no great merit. According to Harpocration and Suidas, 
he passed for a robber and a thief. The latter adds that he 
lived upon calumny, and was in the habit of leading rich 
young men into vicious indulgences. 

12. 7iod(tlx&cjv] Child of the earth. The Athenians, like 
several other nations of antiquity, thought they had first arisen 
from the earth, probably like mushrooms, or like those insects 
which appear after rain. It is undoubtedly on account of this 
idea with regard to their origin, that they give themselves in 
their writings the names of nalalxd-oveg, avTox&oveg, yrjysvelg, 
all having the same signification. 

17. "Evavlov] A metaphorical expression, borrowed from the 
effect of the flute. The sound still vibrated on the ear ; that 
is to say, it was not yet effaced from the memory, and still re- 
mained there ; freely translated, it was yet the general opinion. 

20. Kal yaq ti] Preferable to xal yag roi. 

24. sV Tig siglot ygctcprjv] Better than si' Tig elgjjsb ygacprj. 
30 



234 NOTES. 

7. wgnsg inwdliv] A metaphor taken from the epodes in lyric 67 
poems, which answers to this ; as if they hear a song. 

20. 'AyioToywv] Aristophon, an Athenian general mentioned 
in the speech of Demosthenes (p. 111. 1. 27.), and who appears 
to have boasted that he had been oftener accused than any 
other man, without ever having been convicted. 

22. o Kicpaloo] Cephalus, an Athenian minister who was 
never accused, and who must therefore have been entirely irre- 
proachable. For in the midst of a republic like that of Athens, 
where each citizen had the right of accusing any one, and 
whenever he pleased, and where envy and malignity could 
find weak places in the most exemplary lives, it was a very 
difficult thing never to have to sustain a trial. 

28. dLanoliTsvo/iisvoi,] Wolfius conjectures avTuiolixzvoyi&voi. 
But there is a difference between the two words. The first is 
employed to signify those who hold different political 'opinions 
in the same country ; the second, those who are of different 
countries. 

1. yQuifjuvTa /s oTBCftavovv nv.ga xovg vopovg] The sense of 58 
this is : Thrasybulus, who proposed to crown in an illegal man- 
ner one of those ivho had returned with him from Phyle. The 
text is commonly thus : ygaipavzd xi naqa xovg vofiovg, axsqiavsv 
ha, having proposed something illegal, which was to crown, fyc. 
But this could not be illegal, since we see a little above that 
this same Archinus who accuses Thrasybulus, had proposed 
and carried a decree, according to which all those who had re- 
turned from Phyle were to be crowned with a crown of olive 
leaves. Reiske corrects this passage by writing xiva instead of 
xi ' others place the word gscpavvv between brackets, as if there 
was some suspicion of its having been inserted by transcribers, 
and then the sense is ; that Thrasybulus was accused of violating 
the laws, because one of those who had returned with him pro- 
posed an illegal decree. This does not appear to me at all 
probable, for it is neither consistent with good sense, nor with 
what is written below. The correction of Reiske also does 
not appear very elegant ; nor do I like the xiva, and the k'vcc x. x. L 
explanatory of it. The common text being also inconsistent 



.ESCH1NES. . 235 

68 with history, I could not avoid making a correction of my 
own, which, I dare flatter myself, is at least as good as that of 
my predecessors. 

5. anb 0vl7jg OgaavSovXog xcmjyaytv,] As Thrasybulus had 
led them back from Phyle to their country. All the glory of 
so memorable an event belongs to him. For when the thirty 
tyrants, established by the Lacedaemonians, held Athens in 
slavery, abusing their sovereign power by pillaging, exiling, 
and putting to death many citizens who had escaped the fury 
of war, Thrasybulus was not only the first, but the only one to 
declare war against them. He retreated to Phyle, followed 
only by about thirty of his friends. This was the beginning of 
the deliverance of Athens ; these were the restorers of public 
liberty. The contempt of the thirty tyrants for Thrasybulus 
with so small a band, caused his triumph and their ruin. While 
they slumbered in a dangerous security, he had time to in- 
crease his strength. He then entered the Piraeus and fortified 
Munychia. The thirty tyrants twice attacked this post, and 
were twice repulsed with disgrace. Thrasybulus used his vic- 
tory with as much prudence as magnanimity, for he forbade his 
soldiers to attack them in their retreat, holding to the princi- 
ple that the citizens should spare the blood of their fellow 
citizens. In a second fight, Critias, the chief of the thirty, 
fell, while opposing Thrasybulus with great valor. After the 
defeat of this general, Pausanias, king of Lacedaemon, came 
to the assistance of those who were in Athens. He effected a 
treaty of peace between Thrasybulus and the besieged. The 
conditions were, that with the exception of the thirty tyrants, 
and the ten whom they had appointed Praetors, and who had 
been the ministers and accomplices of their cruelties, no one 
should be exiled, no confiscation of property should take place, 
and that the government should be restored to the people. 
Cornelius Nepos said of this great man : Many have desired, 
few have obtained the happiness of delivering their country 
from a single tyrant ; Thrasybulus alone delivered his from 
thirty. 



236 NOTES. 

9. HanovvTcu'] Solicit, ash the favor. This word is also 68 
employed in this sense in Euripides, Androm. 53. 
*Hjii]os 06l6ov, TiotTQog ov tvvelv dlxrjv, 

JEt TlOjg TCI TigOG&EV OCpCiXfAttT i$CtlTOV[AEVOg, 

Oeov Ttagaaxoix ig to Xombv EvpEvrj. 

12. iv xoiavTi] tioXel,] Some critics might perhaps be tempted 
to write instead of tioXei, the word nolixua, on account of the 
preceding h^oxgaxla. But the word noXixdav, which comes 
after, being too near, I prefer to leave the text as it is, under- 
standing 8r)i.ioxQcaov{i£vrj. 

15. Tig ovv anooioEixjai] How it is assigned, permitted, 
prescribed to a just and honest defender to intercede. The 
words anoSidEiytTv.L and anolilEimui are so similar when written, 
that there might be some doubts with regard to their genuine- 
ness, but the sense of the former appears to me so good as not 
to require any change. In my text I have preferred the trans- 
position of the following words, which are commonly thus, avdgl 
dixalco avvrjyoQb) xal ococpgovi ,- the sense in this case does not 
appear to me clear enough. 

18. *Ey%E~ixai, x. t. >L] The first water flows for the accuser. 
He alludes to the clepsydra, used by the ancient to measure 
the time each orator was to speak. (See Notes, p. 136. 1. 12.) 

22. t?J TtQWTj} yrjcpoi, x. t. X,] If by the first vote the violation 
of the law is not declared to be nothing in this case, or if the 
criminal is not acquitted. It must be remembered that in 
criminal cases the judges pronounced twice. First they decid- 
ed with regard to the fact ; next they determined the punish- 
ment. By the first sentence they only declared whether they 
condemned or acquitted the defendant. If the plurality of 
votes was for the condemnation, the defendant, if the crime 
was not a capital one, was obliged to declare himself what 
punishment he deserved. After that followed a second sen- 
tence from the magistrates, proportioning the punishment to 
the crime. 

30. diEVE/xEiv,] This has the signification of eve'/xeIv, duoovoii 
ipriyov, to carry, give a vote. The addition of the preposition 
oia here makes the word express moreover, to carry a vote, 
discerning on which side you ought to give it. 



iESCHINES. 237 

69 11. aavldiov] tablet, upon which the accusation was written. 
13. aal tI dsl oe, a. t. L] Wliy recur to Demosthenes ? Ms- 

chines would have much preferred that Demosthenes should 
not answer him, but Ctesiphon ; as he might much more easily 
have overcome him than the former, whom he had good reason 
to fear, as the result showed. 

15. xcwovgyov] I was much inclined to prefer the reading 
navsgyov, which appears to me preferable here ; I have left it on 
account of the same word, 1. 29, for which there is no various 
reading. 

24. 7tQOQ7zoLr\T(u vfxwv fir) axovsiv,] I have chosen to trans- 
pose the (XT] on account of the mistake which the reader would 
make at first sight, according to the common text, eav ds fir) n. 
v. a. and if he does not feign that he understands you ; where- 
as the true meaning is, and if he feigns that he does not un- 
derstand you. 

70 1. El xaliao}] Am I to call Demosthenes? I prefer it as 
more energetic than si y.vXsgoi, which is narrative. 

2. xalwv yag] These two words are added, and give not on- 
ly more strength, but more connexion to the speech. 

7. xayw xomiyogrixcc, v.. t. I.] This correction of my own con- 
sists, with regard to the most common text, in a transposition of 
some words, in a change of the pointing, and the parenthesis, 
which renders the sense clear and easy. These are the various 
readings for this part of the text. 1. ovnsg xayco add nag xa- 
xtjyogrjxa, Xva nal vnofivi]oa Vfiag. 2. ovnsg y.aya y.aTrjyogrjxa. 
JEya ds nag y.ctTrjyogrjxa ; i. v.. vn. vpag. 3. ovn. %a. xaj. Kal 
nag xcmiyogyxa ; cods. 

12. an(dsi&a~\ Preferable to snsdsi^a, since the ancient edi- 
tions have it thus, and it is also similar to the modern Greek 
expression ansdsi^a rovg vopovg. 

71 1- rghov ds, x. t. L] In the third place, (the most important 
of all that I say) to make his apology in ansioer to my charge 
of his not being worthy of the recompense. My whole correc- 
tion consists in the transposition of to and the insertion of w. 
These are the different readings. 1. tqkov ds to psyioxov Uya, 
ag tids a$i6g sgt Tt)g dagsag. 2. tqitov ds (to psyigov Xsya) big 
a&og sgi zr\g dagsag. 3. ag ovdsv avaliog soil. 



238 NOTES. 

6. ndlmo^a] A lawyer's trick. JJaKala^iaTa t« ayoivlaficna, * 1 
oig (}ovIztv.I xig xaTanaluiaai rov avxihwov. What the Germans 
call fechtcrstreich. 

14. oh]v %r\v rjpigav,] I have thought best to place these 
words after (jLaxsa&s, although others have them after ipsig' 
the sense thus becomes more clear and natural. 

15. nsQi'kaa&ai;'] As if he had said, i^aa&ca nsgl loysg s nqbg 
to -Jiagdvo^iov anoGHnovjag, to begin speeches which have nothing 
to do tvith the violation of the laws. 

21. §alavxioTonov\ A pick-pocket, a cut-purse, alluding to 
the charge of yEschines against Demosthenes, that he was guilty 
of peculation. 

25. [xsTaSaXXofievog,] The same as ^EjaGallwv tov tgonov, in 
changing his manner, that is, from tears passing to insults. 

27. dirjQi&fjirifiivovg] This word commonly signifies enumera- 
ted, but here, separated, distinguished. 

2. drjpoxgaila] Some add the article f\. I prefer the passage 72 
without it. 

4. «x naidslag] of their education; that is to say, having 
pronounced the best word their education had taught them ; as 
if he said, ag xovg TiSTtoudtVfibVovg avdgag /grj tovto ttolsIv. This 
word was the ^17 pvrjaixaxelv, forgetfulness of the past, an 
expression used in the decrees of the Athenians to put an end 
to their civil wars. This decree is called by Plutarch, to irjg 
afivyorlag ip7]cpio[ia, the decree of amnesty, whence the word has 
passed into the modern languages. 

5. eXaoTtoiug,] literally, you produce ulcers, or better, you 
tear open our wounds. A metaphorical expression for you ex- 
asperate the minds. 

6. av&rjpsgov] The adverb is more commonly used, and is 
preferable to the adjective av&rniigwv or av&nnegivwv. 

15. nsgi/gdipsri fis ex xijg nohxuag ,-] It is better with the in- 
terrogation. It is also written TiEgiE/gdipaTE and jiEgiygdtyaxE. 
Reiske writes the future, and adds si. 

18. rj ngog] Others omit this ^'. I do not agree with 
them, but think it very good and even elegant. The most 
symmetrical is not always the most beautiful. There are 



^SCHINES. 239 

72 certain apparent irregularities made by skilful artists, which 
are far more pleasing than the work of the rule and compass. 

22. gogpelg] Thou art ready to start, thou art like a vessel 
just weighing anchor ; ix/mgelv fisXeTag xal anoyevysiv. 

27. axl^xog ';] This name was applied to a cause in which the 
laws did not define the punishment or penalty, the decision 
being left to the judges. It is in contradistinction to Tiyvrffog, 
where the laws affixed the penalty, without its being left to the 
discretion of the judges. Thus, then, o ds ayatv ova axl^xog ; 
means and the sentence^ can it be arbitrarily given by the judg- 
es ? or rather, is not the penalty determined by the laivs ? 

73 6. ixslgaxo,] The city shaved itself. A metaphor taken 
from funeral ceremonies ; for after the loss of a dear friend, 
it was customary for persons, as a sign of their grief, to cut off 
their hair and lay it upon the body of him whom they mourn- 
ed. It was a very old custom, and is mentioned by several au- 
thors of antiquity. Homer speaks of it several times, in 
describing the affliction of Achilles at the death of Patroclus. 
Traces of it are also found in the Electra of Sophocles. Bion,, 
relating the death of Adonis, says : 

A(iq)l ds (ilv vXalovxsg avaaxsva^ovaLV "jEgcoxsg 
Ksigd^isvoi %aixv.g six Adwvidu 
If we were to seek for the probable origin of such a custom, it 
might perhaps be found in those effects which excessive grief 
first produces. For in great affliction it is very natural that a 
person should tear his hair. Other nations, with the same 
feelings and for the same reason, suffered their hair and beard 
to grow, in such cases. So true it is that mere fancy is often 
the rule in such customs, attaching to conventional signs 
whatever idea it pleases. 

9. xa&ocgna £r}loTV7iovv dgsxrjv.] A wretch, who seeks to ap- 
pear virtuous, but hates virtue in his heart. Ka&agpa properly 
means an expiatory victim. This name was given to a few 
abject and useless creatures who were maintained at Athens, 
so that, in case of any public calamity, as the plague or any 
thing of the kind, they might be put to death in expiation of 
the offence which was thought to be the cause of so severe a 



240 NOTES. 

punishment. ZrjXoTvnovv is for fiiaovv. For the word t,r\Xovv is 73 
taken in a good sense, and signifies to emulate, whence comes 
the word £rjXog ' but '^Xotviiuv expresses the invidious hatred 
which one person bears to another, and is composed of ^ijXog, 
zeal, and jvnog, impression, who have the impression alone of 
zeal, but not the reality. 

14. fuugav] Some read pixgccv, having in mind this passage 
of Aristotle : ovdsfilu fiiv xeycdrj [mcqcc, ayad-r\ ' ovx i£ avdyxrjg 
d aya&tj, r\ psyaXt). 

21. TiQogodov] It appears to me that the play upon words in 
this passage would be complete, if we could find authority to 
substitute xEcp&Xmov, capital, for the word ngogodov, revenue. It 
seems to me also more logical, because the head may be like 
the capital which gives the revenue, but it is not so natural to 
say that the head is the revenue itself. 

2. ifiTilrj^lav] Terror iviih amazement, like a man who is 74 
stupefied, being struck by a thunderbolt. 

10. (ocpsirjTcu, x. j. X.] Reiske writes thus : wcpiXriT.ctL noXXa, 
vn ifiov ds nma6i6Xamai. I have preferred the reading found 
in editions prior to his, and which appears to me incomparably 
better, the word noXXa being governed by the preposition xara 
of the verb ; as if it was : fiiGXanxm ds aaia noXXa vn ifiov. 

19. y.ul Tag iv rolg yvpvaoloig, x. t. X.] And he blames exces- 
sively even my conversation in the Gymnasia, with those younger 
than myself. Those who were fond of letters, loved to go to 
the Gymnasia, or places where the young men exercised in 
wrestling or boxing, to talk with them and to instruct them 
by useful and agreeable conversation. Demosthenes will not 
attack his antagonist for this taste of his, perhaps somewhat 
frivolous for an Athenian minister. He will bring forward, 
however, most of these charges which jfEschines had foreseen 
with sagacity, and refuted with great address ; but it will be 
with a triumphant power which ^Eschines certainly did not 
expect. 

23. uXti ivdsixvvfisvoq, x. t. X.] Making a parade of his zeal 
with Alexander, knowing that he hated Demosthenes. It is not 
however by the charge that he is paying court to Alexander, 



iESCHINES. 241 

74 that Demosthenes in the very beginning of his speech is to 
throw suspicion upon the accusation of JEschines, but by re- 
proaching him for attacking him for things long since past, 
though he might have accused him while the facts were still 
fresh in every one's memory. 

25. [dlln [is avsQcoxixv,] He will ash me. yEschines here 
undertakes to anticipate and refute the probable charge of De- 
mosthenes, that he only meddled with public business rarely and 
at intervals, (p. 187.) Our orator exculpates himself by two 
reasons. The first is, his frugality ; for he knows how to be 
content with little, very different in this respect from his an- 
tagonist, whose eager rapacity alternately binds and releases 
his tongue. The second, that he is only using the liberty which 
a popular government gives to every citizen, to appear and to 
withdraw, to speak or be silent, as he pleases. 

75 9. onoxav — nQogruTTWoiv '] Wlien those ivho hire you, com- 
mand you. It was proverbially said of such a man, (3ovg inl 
ylctiTTy p£6r]xe, an ox has mounted upon his tongue ; in allusion 
to an Athenian coin, stamped with the figure of an ox. This 
proverb is also sometimes used to signify a man silent from 
principle, in allusion to the heavy jaw of this large and clumsy 
animal ; and it is in this sense that Pythagoras was said to 
place an ox on the tongue of his disciples, to signify the long 
silence which he imposed upon them. It is said that Demos- 
thenes was sometimes bribed to be silent ; witness y avvayxn, 
that very convenient stuffed throat of his, with which he was 
charged under the name of agyvgayxv> stuffed purse. 

14. (PdlTiTiov £<x>vTog,] During the life of Philip, JEschines 
brought forward his accusation, but the trial did not take place 
till the sixth year of the reign of Alexander. (See the pro- 
legomena, p. £.) 

30. fx7]diTi(a xsxqIg&cu] When you bring forward the circum- 
stance that I have never accused you. JEschines had, undoubt- 
edly, more than once attacked Demesthenes from the tribune, 
in his speeches, but he had never prosecuted him before a court 
of law. 

31 



242 NOTES. 

14. UoXXlv] Chabrias, an Athenian general, conquered Pottis 76 
near Naxos in a naval engagement. 

22. \4vaUvov~] The reason why vEschines disapproves of the 
conduct of Demosthenes towards Anaxinus, is found in the an- 
swer of Demosthenes, (p. 135, 1. 3.) With regard to Anaxinus, 
this is the only place in which his name is found. It is un- 
known what was his crime. He was undoubtedly guilty ; but 
it was not for Demosthenes, whose guest he was, to have him 
condemned, unless the public safety very urgently required 
his death. 

26. tovzov aniujuvag, xahoi] And you have caused his death, 
although, fyc. If my text is here compared with that of other 
editions, it will be seen that I have transposed the words com- 
monly placed after noajfisvog, and instead of ytal, I have written 
Y.ahot ' my pointing is also a little different from that of the other 
editions, which do not all agree. I natter myself that the text, 
as I have it, is more clear, neat, and flowing, and that it pleases 
the ear more, while at the same time it gives better sense. 

31. ^svoxrovog] Assassin of a guest. JEschines could not 
accuse Demosthenes of a more atrocious crime. For among 
the Greeks there were no rights more sacred and inviolable 
than those of hospitality. They gave to a stranger the same 
claim to protection as relationship, friendship, and neighbour- 
hood gave to a fellow citizen. 

2. rovg vrjg noluog alag] The salt of the city, that is, the ta- 77 
bles of Athens. As the common use of salt and the table gives 
origin to friendship, familiarity, and intimacy, they have be- 
come emblematic of these feelings. Aristotle says that, accor- 
ding to the proverb, we cannot mutually know each other f idly, 
without having eaten together a certain quantity of salt, aaxa 
ttjv nagoi^dav yag ovx egtlv sidrjOUL alh\lovg, nglv to'? Isyofiivyg 
alag ovvaloooai. The same author says also in another passage, 
slg nagoi^ilav elrjlv&sv 6 [isdijivog twv alwv ' the bushel of salt 
has become a proverb. We may remember also the famous 
maxim, alag xal rgdn^av fiy TiagaSalvsiv, not to violate the salt 
and the table. 



iESCHINES. 243 

77 5. <xvv7iuQXToig] I have corrected thus, instead of the common 
ayevrjToig, for which there are also the following various read- 
ings : ayvwojoig, ayvorjToig, avor\TOig, avovr\xoig, ayFwrjTOig. 

7. ETiegcoTav fis — nellsi] He will ask me. We cannot but 
admire the skill with which iEschines anticipates the arguments 
of his antagonist, brought forward, on p. 168, 1. 16. We should 
be almost tempted to imagine that he had already read the speech, 
or that some one who had heard Demosthenes read it, had given 
him an exact account of it ; otherwise we must attribute to Ms- 
chines an almost supernatural sagacity. (See Proleg. p. i(.) 

10. ivvaxoi] Literally, the ninths, ceremonies practised for the 
soul of the dead, on the ninth day after he expired, just as the 
name rgka, was given to the ceremonies of the third day. 
These are still practised in Greece under a different form, and 
the former are called iwEoi[iEga and the latter tq^ueqoc. This 
should be a sufficient answer to those who translate the word 
Evvara, by funeral. It was undoubtedly a ceremony subsequent 
to the funeral, but not the funeral itself. 

14. ajiodolTo] And not the common unodono, 

29. wg i'/w, x. t. L] I have not been willing to adopt the cor- 
rection of d>v instead of cag, nor that of ayavaxxwv instead of 
ayavaxTO). The sense appears to me clear enough as the words 
are. And by the Olympian Gods (if, however, the report I have 
heard is true), it is about that which I am going to mention that 
I am most indignant. 

78 2. xt)Xe7ox)-(u] In its proper sense this word is employed to 
express the charm and the t pleasure which we feel, upon hear- 
ing fine music, particularly the sound of the flute or of a beau- 
tiful voice. 

79 3. ejiEigiovTGJv,] Preferable to the common reading inEigayovxav. 
4. OEgGiii]v] Homer speaks of him in the second book of 

the Iliad. He represents him as a monster of deformity and 
of cowardice, whose insolent tongue did not spare the chiefs 
of the army. ^Eschines here makes Demosthenes a Thersites ; 
but he attacks rather his character than his person. 

21. rug fyxvxUovg xogovg] The name of circular or Bacchic 
choirs was given to the bands of musicians who sung the 



244 NOTES. 

dithyrambus, and danced to the sound of these hymns in hon- 79 
or of Bacchus ; sometimes joining hands, sometimes with their 
hands free. From the service of the altars the choirs were in- 
troduced into tragedy, which itself was originally only a relig- 
ious ceremony, and formed a part of public worship. Their 
origin, therefore, was very exalted, and they anciently held a 
high station upon the stage, of which they were considered as 
the principal ornament. As it was inevitable that disputes 
should arise among the large number of persons who composed 
these choirs, they had their own proper judges, who investigated 
their quarrels and settled them. And it is of these judges that 
iEschines here speaks. 

15. xal Tilslovg] Reiske, and the editors who have followed 80 
him, write o2 nlzisg. It appears to me very correct as it is, for 
we ought not to oblige men of genius always to speak by rule and 
compass. It is very well for a man of a phlegmatic disposition 
to follow the natural order of things, and to say : and even some 
were of the number of the thirty tyrants, who put to death fifteen 
hundred citizens without a trial. Instead of who, to put and, 
which refers to the word some, at first appears an irregularity, 
since it was the whole thirty, and not a few of them who caused 
these citizens to be put to death ; but we must recollect that the 
will and the vote of a few was equally the cause of their death, 
and therefore the orator in his vehemence and indignation can 
very well refer to a few, what was done by the whole band of 
the thirty tyrants of which they were members. 

1. t« Tuxi] vol Tag idcpgyg,] Having palisaded the walls and gj 
the ditches. It is more commonly written ovds tw? rdcpyovg, and 
Reiske places the passage between brackets, as suspicious, 
and others after him omit it entirely. 

2. dvslovTa] Having destroyed the public tombs. This 
word likewise signifies raised; but I have preferred the former 
meaning, because Demosthenes had not been appointed to raise 
or rebuild the tombs, but to repair the walls ; and these repairs, 
which were hastily made, might perhaps require the demolish- 
ing of some tombs which were in the way, and the materials 
of which might be employed. 



^SCHINES. 245 

81 21. imoToXrjv,'] History does not tell us on what occasion the 
king of Persia wrote to the Athenians the letter here mention- 
ed by the orator. 

82 5- W\v ay.gc/.v] The citadel Cadmeia, which was probably in 
the hands of the Macedonians. 

8. y\ nqa%ig s ytyivr\Tv.i /] We could not improve the opportu- 
nity. I know of no traces in history of the two facts here 
mentioned by JEschines. 

15. iyit<o[ua£oi,] I have thus corrected, instead of leaving 
the common eyxcofitaasi. 

28. 'jXe^dvdgs] Alexander, king of the Molossians (a peo- 
ple of Epirus, whose capital, Dodona, was famous for its 
temple and the oracle of Jupiter), had carried war into Italy 
and perished there. His armies were routed, and he was 
obliged to fly. As he was crossing a river on horseback, he 
received a mortal blow. His death did not satisfy the fury of 
his enemies ; they offered a thousand insults to his body, and 
after having cut it to pieces, it was with difficulty that they 
were prevailed on to allow the remains of this unfortunate king 
to be carried back to his country, to his wife Cleopatra. It 
was on this mournful occasion that Ctesiphon was sent to pre- 
sent to the afflicted queen the compliments of condolence. 
Although a man may have the talent of composing and speak- 
ing proper compliments on such occasions without being able 
to plead a cause, we cannot but believe that the Athenians, so 
famous for their skill and sense of propriety in speaking, chose 
on such occasions citizens who possessed these qualities in an 
eminent degree. 

83 3. Xa6glav, v.. t. L] Chabrias, fphicrates, and Timot7ieus, 
three celebrated Athenian generals, known principally by the 
victories here mentioned by vEschines. 

8. [logav] A body. Xenophon, in his Lacedaemonian Re- 
public, thus defines it : 'ExaGrr] ds tup noliTiy.oiv jxoqwv \'x u 
Tiolsfiagxov I'va, Xo/ayovg isxTagag, 7iEVTi]y.ooTi]qag oxtgj, evwfio- 
-cuQxag exxaldeyM. Consequently it must have been a body of 
four hundred men. 

11. avTegov] Commonly written &av tig egcaxa, dice xl ov <W- 
gste; Reiske omits the interrogation and adds the word qp^We. 



246 NOTES. 

19. unoxxslvy Tiva,] I have transposed the xwa, to give more 83 
clearness. In other editions it is placed after lav. There is 
also this reading : si' tco or iav tm i^ntsoovxa. As to the fact, 
we find the following passage in Pausanias, lib. VI. 11, 2. Aqa- 
xwv 'A&rjvaloig dsofiovg ygaipag cpovixoiig vtisqwqigs xal xa afvya, 

si ys sfiTtsoov xv £§ avxwv anoxxslvsisv av&gomov. Solon, who 
annulled the laws of Draco, as too severe, did not alter those 
with regard to murder, but left them in full force. The causes 
of inanimate murderers were judged by the tribunal calied 
to snl ngvxavsm, the tribunal of the Prytaneum. Pausanias 
places the origin of that jurisdiction as far back as king Erec- 
theus. Though frivolous and puerile in appearance, their 
object was very serious and very wise. It was to destroy in the 
hearts of men all thoughts of murder, by making it an unpar- 
donable crime. 

20. avxbv dtaxgijo7]Tai,] If any one hills himself, 8fc. The 
contempt which the ancients had for those who committed sui- 
cide, may be seen also in this passage of Aristotle. Nicom. 
lib. III. 7. To ds aTxo&vijoxsiv (psvyovxa nsviav i) sgcoxa 77 xu 
"kvJiriQOV ovx avdgslov, alia, fiallov dsilov ' palaxla yaq x6 cpsvysiv 
t« snlnova. 

30. xl anoxQiveio&e ;] It is also written xl xgivslxs ; 

30. at TialaloTgai,] Pal&strce, places where the young men 
practised wrestling, boxing, and other exercises, which formed 
a part of their education ; just as in our own times young men 
are taught to dance, to ride, to fence, that the powers of the 
body may be developed after those of the mind. 

31. ovd' r\ {iovomt) fiovov] This name was given to all the 
sciences ; undoubtedly because the first sages and philosophers 
were poets who sung their own verses, teaching men by their 
songs, and endeavoring, while amusing their minds and pleas- 
ing their ears, to instruct them in the civil and moral virtues, 
and the sciences necessary to their happiness. 

27. xov loyov] It is also written y.al xwv loywv wgnsq rag {5s- 84 
6aux)OSLQ xwv v.r\qvyiiax(av 6 vofjiog xslsvsi noislo&ai slg (5. Reiske 
has it thus : aal xcav loyojv xag (3s6aiojosig (wg nsql xwv xrjqvyfia- 
xoov o v, x. n.) 



^SCHINES. 247 

85 12. bignsg Tragaysy^ganojg] As if he had fallen into child- 
hood. It is what we now call sSavafiwgafisvog, from s£, ava, /ico- 
gog, that is, a second time silly, or rather, childish, since ficogo 
naidl, is used to signify a child in the cradle, and the word 
naidl is frequently understood. 

17. eguvcov, x. t. X.] As if you were returning from some 
luncheon, after having divided the dishes handed around, or the 
remains of the feast. I presume that he here alludes to the 
large sums derived from the contributions of the allies of the 
republic ; sums originally destined for expeditions for the wel- 
fare of Greece, but which were by abuse used for distribu- 
tions to the people on the days of assembly, and of public 
shows. 

23. c, Ei£gog 5* IdioiTTjg] This other individual was named 
Leocrates. He was one of those timid citizens, who could not 
resist the fear which prevailed in Athens after the defeat at 
Chseronea, and sought safety in flight. The orator Lycurgus 
accused him before the courts, of having betrayed his coun- 
try, and violated the decree passed a few days after the battle 
of Chaeronea, which forbade any citizen to leave Athens. Ly- 
curgus has described the character of Leocrates, and has re- 
lated his desertion and flight in the only speech which remains 
to us from him. 

26. el ds, a. t. X.] Had there been one more ball, he would 
have suffered exile or death. It was the common practise of 
the Athenians to acquit, when the votes were divided. They 
never failed on such occasions to favor the accused and not the 
accuser. A very wise practice, and in accordance with all the 
laws of justice and humanity. 

28. 6 Tiavxcov] Preferable to the common reading, anavrxov. 

86 5. t« Ilvd-ia — ovvsdgiov — ] In a few days the Pythian 
games and the meeting of the Greeks ivill take -place. When 
iEschines pronounced this speech, the Amphictyonic council, 
or States General of Greece, were about to assemble at Delphi, 
to deliberate on the common interests of the whole nation, and 
to preside at the Pythian games, one of the four solemn games 
of Greece, celebrated every five years near Delphi, in honor of 



248 NOTES. 

Pythian Apollo, and of which they were the ex officio judges. 86 
(See Notes, p. 119, 1. 17.) 

24. Alt slg ti]v ala^ovdav, %. t. L] Here the peroration be- 
gins. It is beautiful, magnificent, and grand, and at the same 
time very touching and pathetic. ^Eschines bring before us So- 
lon, Aristides, Themistocles, all the heroes who on the plains of 
Marathon and of Platsea, sacrificed their lives for the republic. 
He calls them forth from their tombs to witness the sentence 
presently to be pronounced. He calls upon the earth, the sun, 
upon virtue, that universal reason, that celestial light, which 
illumines every mind, and makes it distinguish good and evil. 
In a word he omits nothing to engage all nature in his contest, 
to raise heaven and earth, gods and men, against Demosthenes. 

25. Bv£(xvtiov — e&taWat] We see in the speech itself of 
Demosthenes how he saved Byzantium. This orator says 
nothing of the Acarnanians, a people of Epirus in Greece, 
whom he undoubtedly excited against the king of Macedonia. 
The determination of the Thebans to alliance with the Athe- 
nians, is the most striking and the most important part of his 
speech. 

14. "AQd-fiiov] ArtJimius was the son of Pythonax, and born 87 
at Zelia, a town of Troad. He frequently passed through 
Athens, where he enjoyed the rights of hospitality. As an 
emissary of Artaxerxes, king of Persia, he scattered through 
Peloponnesus the gold of this prince. He came to Athens ; but 
the Athenians, having discovered his practices, banished him 
from their city, and declared him and his posterity for ever 
infamous. Much is said of him in the third Philippic. 

17. nag ovdsv [isv rjl&ov] It wanted nothing, synonymous 
with naga [iixgbv, nag oliyov, little was icanting. 

27. 3 JEy oj fisv, %. t. L] Demosthenes ridicules with great se- 
verity this passage of Eschines, (p. 132, 1. 2.) 

29. fie6orj&<>ixa] Reiske is in favor of ^e66i]xa. 



ORATION OF DEMOSTHENES FOR CTESIPHON. 



"" 1. ITganov] In every age both of the ancient and the mod- 
ern world, this exordium has been regarded as a master-piece. 
Demosthenes begins by presenting to his hearers the most 
grand of all sights. He opens to them Olympus, and he en- 
gages all the gods and all the goddesses to favor his cause. 
But while he offers to their mind those objects most capable of 
exciting wonder and admiration, he does not neglect to bring 
forward that which may also affect their feelings. In the be- 
ginning of his oration, he leaves nothing untried to do away 
the evil impressions which the speech of J^schines might have 
produced, and to engage the judges to suspend their decision, 
until they have also heard what he has to say in his defence. 
Although this demand is a perfectly just one, he takes care to 
bring forward every thing which can enforce it. He therefore 
recalls with great skill to the mind of his hearers, the services 
he has rendered to the republic, services which were certainly 
a great presumption in his favor ; the oath of the judges, who 
have solemnly sworn to hold an even balance between the two 
parties, and to hear both accuser and accused with perfect 
impartiality ; and two great advantages which iEschines pos- 
sesses as the plaintiff in this cause, and which ought to induce 
the judges to lean rather to his own side, if it was right for them 
to look with greater favor upon one. than the other He finish- 
es his exordium as he begins it, that is, by imploring the as- 
sistance of the gods. And this he does, that he may first give 
the judges a great opinion of his religion, being persuaded that 
there was no better way to obtain their confidence, than by 
showing above all things piety, the possession of which ren- 
ders worthy of credit all the actions and all the words of men. 
32 



250 NOTES. 

2. naoi xal ndocug,] I pray all the gods and goddesses. 90 
Demosthenes appears to have had in view this famous line of 
Homer: (Iliad, o' 5.) 

KixlvTb fisv TiavTsg re &eoI, naoal T£ S-icavai. 
These two celebrated passages have not escaped Lucian, who, 
as is his custom, applies them in a very witty and amusing 
manner. He supposes that Jupiter, having called an extraor- 
dinary meeting of the gods, for an affair which is of the last 
importance to them, is disconcerted at the sight of the pro- 
digious crowd which is gathering on Olympus, and losing his 
presence of mind, tells Mercury he does not know whether he 
ought to begin by the line of Homer which we have just quoted. 
Mercury, who has some fondness for orators, advises him to 
take an exordium from the speeches of Demosthenes, altering 
it a little to adapt it to his subject, as the modern orators do. 
In another dialogue Lucian introduces Rhetoric, complaining 
that he has abandoned her for dialogues, and in the speech she 
makes on the subject, she uses the exordium of Demosthenes. 
It seems that the ingenious author wishes to give us to under- 
stand by this, that Rhetoric herself, when speaking in her own 
cause, could not do better than to repeat the opening of a 
speech which all ages have unanimously regarded as the most 
perfect model of eloquence. We must believe, however, that 
the object of Lucian was not only to eulogize Demosthenes, 
but also to censure the plagiaries of his time. 

6. tovto naQaozi]oui] The sense is as if the passage stood 

thus : E7TSLT SV%0[lCa Iv ol &EOC tig VOVV VfUV EflSdXcOOL TO (If] TW 

(xi'Tidl'/.o) av^SovXevocod-ai tzeqi tov tqotiov %cc& ov axovaxsov i(is, 

0718Q TOV& V71SQ VflWV IgtI, X. T. X. 

11. c O[ioiG)g, x. t. X.] To hear equally both parties. Solon 
and almost all legislators have made it an express law. But it 
is a law which nature has indelibly engraved on every heart, 
and which every one intuitively assents to, the moment it is 
expressed. It is one of those first principles which carry their 
own evidence with them. Whoever judges after having heard 
but one party, even though his decision may be just, is yet 
guilty of a sort of injustice ; and if he listens to one with more 



DEMOSTHENES. 251 

90 favor than to the other, we may of course say that it is to one 
only that he gives a fair hearing. Phocylides, in his beautiful 
poem on the different duties of men, has not forgotten this 
important maxim : 

Mr\ n dlxi]V dixdoyg, nglv av a^.(f>o%v fiv&ov axovatjg. 
The Athenian judges regarded this great rule as the basis and 
the foundation of their jurisprudence. They engaged them- 
selves by a solemn oath to observe it with the greatest strict- 
ness. And in the speech on the Ill-managed Embassy, ./Eschi- 
nes says to the Athenians, with the express purpose of throw- 
ing odium on Demosthenes : og hollos nagaxelevacca&ca irgog 
avdgag ofKOfioxoxag tcov avxidlxcov opolcog apcpOTegcov axovow&ai, 
jfjv tqv xwdvvevovTog cpcovTjv [it} vno^ieveiv. 

91 1. o-lt efiol [iev — ] But to me — we might add xlvdvvog eaxv 
tcsqI xwv iaxdzctv. This rhetorical figure is called dnoomnriaig. 
He then says why he did not finish what he had begun to say ; 
but I will pronounce no words of ill omen in the beginning of 
my speech. We must remember that the ancients had a su- 
perstitious fear of certain sinister expressions. To pronounce 
such words, they called filccocprjfielv. This superstition was re- 
markably seen in the ceremonies of sacrifices, in which the 
herald took great care to warn the people to pronounce no un- 
lucky word. This was also carefully attended to in other 
places besides the temples. Demosthenes in his oration against 
Leptines, when speaking of the ancient splendor of Athens 
says : xoxe fxev rj nohg 7/^wv, xou yrjg rjvnogsi, xal xgrjfidxav ' vvv 
ds evnogrjaei, del ydg ovxo) Xiyetv, xal p) fikaacprjfAUv. 

2. ex negiovolag] He accuses me gratuitously, being at 
liberty to do it or not. Some have understood by this pas- 
sage that JEschines, enriched by the money he had received 
from Philip and Alexander, does not fear to lose his cause, 
since he can very well afford to pay the fine. I prefer 
the other interpretation ; that JEschines had it in his power 
to remain quiet, while Demosthenes must necessarily de- 
fend himself, and cannot avoid answering : in that case ex 
negiovolag, becomes almost synonymous with ex negixxov, as if 
he added, tiegixxov yag efxov [idxyv xad-unxeod-oa not xaxt\yoguv. 



252 NOTES. 

3. o <pvaei] Reiske, instead of o, which refers to sisgov, 9 1 
writes a, referring to 1. 6. tovtoov toivvv. I am so far from 
agreeing with him in this instance, that if the text stood as it 
is corrected by him, I should have felt inclined to alter it, and 
to write it as it stands originally. Tovtoov toivvv refers to the 
two things preceding, p. 90, 1. 19, a Ev uiv, p. 91, 1. 3, "Etbqov 
ds. That is, it refers to these grammatically ; but for the sense, 
the orator has in view the latter only, as if he had forgotten 
what he had first said. This is one of those instances of inat- 
tention, which are always found in writers who think more 
of their subject than of the words which they employ, and 
which, in such cases, should be regarded as beauties rather 
than faults. The ear, to which I often appeal as a judge in 
my decisions upon the text of the orators, is very well satis- 
fied with the text as it is, o qruoei, but in reading the passage 
as corrected by Reiske, this a arrests me, and seems like a 
rock which rises and disturbs the calm and peaceful flow of a 
river. 

5. Tolg inaivsai (5' avTttg a%&£o&cu'] To be indignant against 
those who praise themselves. It is true in general, that one 
who praises himself runs a great risk of displeasing. Yet 
there are cases in which we can with propriety and advantage 
become our own panegyrists. Such are cases in which the 
praise is supported by truth, and founded upon merit univer- 
sally acknowledged ; when it is necessary ; when it is used, 
not to add to the glory of him who praises himself, but to de- 
fend him from a certain danger, which he does not deserve to 
encounter. A person may then speak his own praise, provided 
he do it with dignity, and that he speak only of his heart and 
of his good deeds ; for all men seem to have agreed that no one 
should ever permit himself to speak boastingly of his mind and 
his talents. Self-praise on such occasions, and with these pre- 
cautions, rather conciliates, than displeases, and calling back 
the mind of the hearer from the confusion into which it had 
been thrown by strange events, gives him the invariable law 
which he is to follow. History furnishes several remarkable 
examples of this. I will mention only that of Pericles, who 



DEMOSTHENES. 253 

9 1 seeing that the Athenians, exasperated by the evils of war and 
the plague, began to murmur against him, the apparent author 
of their calamities, for having counselled war, said to them 
in the assembly which he had called together purposely to 
appease them : Kalxoi epol xowvxca avdgl ogyi&G&e, og ovdevog 
^oatov oXoyai sivou yvtovai xs xa dsovxcc, aal EQfxrjvsvGai, xavxa ' cpv- 
XonoXig xe, xcu %grjfia,Ta)v xqsIgowv. Thuc. L. ii. 60. Dionysius 
of Halicarnassus severely blames Pericles on this account; and 
perhaps he judges of the goodness of the speech from its 
success, since Pericles was deprived of the command and con- 
demned to pay a fine. It is certain, however, that the speech 
produced an instantaneous effect ; for Thucydides assures 
us that the whole assembly were convinced : ol ds dyfioala yiv 
xoig Xoyoig avsnd&ovxo ' but that the citizens returning to their 
houses and being reminded of all they had to suffer, could no 
longer bear the violence of their sufferings, and passed sentence 
against their great magistrate. We must grant then, according 
to the testimony of the historian, that the speech of Pericles 
was at first successful ; and if this famous Athenian general 
fell from his power not long afterwards, it was the fault, not 
of his eloquence, but of circumstances. 

11. (jadl'Cco,] I walk. This word is here employed figura- 
tively ; if I walk over my actions as a public and private man, 
that is, if I enter into the details of my public and private life. 

21. to)] It has no accent because it is enclitic, and has the 
same signification as xivi. 

22. [lahga ds — ogoj tisq] instead of xooovxco {laXXov oaw. W. 

25. «|iw y.al dzofiou] These two words are almost synony- 
mous, yet we may take the first in the sense of i" think it just, 
and the second as meaning I" beg of you. By the first of these 
words he preserves dignity, by the other he seeks to gain pity. 

26. 6[iol(og v^iojv,] It was enough, observes Taylor, to say : 
opolag ay.ovoai fiov anoXoyov^iivov, without dixalwg, which is 
probably a comment on 6y.okog. The remark which Taylor 
makes, shows that he construed 6fiomg with axovoca ' but this 
is incorrect ; it should be construed with vpwv, all of you, 
without exception, strong or weak, young or old, &c. 



254 NOTES. 

2. ngoxsgog] One manuscript gives ngorsgov instead of txqo- 92 
rsgog. This gratuitous correction was probably made by some 
grammarian, puzzled by an infinitive preceded by a nom- 
inative. But ngoxegog should be retained, because it is un- 
derstood of the same person to whom the word \g%vu relates. 
Thus, p. 162, 1. 23, cogxs navxa tiolbIv dvxog. 

3. nageX&uv,] to pass beyond, or escape ,• but it is here used 
for vixTJom, a metaphor in allusion to racers; and as the words 
duoxtov, accuser, and cpevycov, accused, would be translated liter- 
ally the pursuer and the pursued, it is a remarkably happy one. 

5. Xiyovxog vox s gov'] It is also written voxigov liyovxog, and 
Reiske even prefers it thus. I do not agree with him, and it is 
sufficient to observe the hiatus resulting from xov vox. The 
oldest editions also have the text as I have retained it. 

6. 7cgogde$rjxcu, — noir\(sr\xai\ It is also written ngogdi&xcu, 
and Tioirjoexai * but I am inclined to consider it better as left in 
my text, since it is more analogous to our modern dialect. 

7. diayvwGLv] According to Taylor, didyvcooiv is the Attic 
for diayvco^rjv, and his note is founded on the opinion of Thom- 
as Magister. But it is not so. Demosthenes uses diciyvaoig, 
not because it is more in accordance with the Attic mode of 
expression, but because dcayvcofiw would here be improper. 
/I mx yv co oig means a discussion, and diayvtoprj what results from a 
discussion, that is, the decree, as we may see it in Thucyd. L. i. 
87, r\ ok diayvwfiT] avxr\ xr\g sxxlrjotag, xov xag anovdag Xtlva&aL, 
and in L. iii. 42, ovxs xovg ngo&svxag ttjv diayvcofirjv av&ig. 

13. diaxeXco] This verb, joined with a participle, indicates 
constancy, habit, and continuance. 

17. nagaoxTJaou] to bring to your mind, and naglaxaa&cu, to 
come to the mind. (See p. 90, 1. 6, and note.) 

20. ngoSovhvfiaxog] This word means a preparatory decree, 
preliminary decree of the Senate. (See ngoSovXevaai, p. 146, 
1. 21 ; and Notes, p. 113, 1. 25.) The decree of Ctesiphon 
was approved by the Senate. The approbation of the people 
was still necessary for its execution ; and this ./Eschines wish- 
ed to prevent, by accusing Ctesiphon of having infringed the 
laws in his decree. 



DEMOSTHENES. 255 

93 4. %va prjdev enax&k Xsyco] See p. 191, 1. 2, 3. 

6. tovtm [isv] On the authority of some manuscript, Reiske 
adds drj after fiiv. 

11. svtj&eg] It is here used instead of the adverb tvTq&iaq. 

15. disCrdsg.] Some manuscripts have duSaXXsg, and Reiske 
even prefers the imperfect to the aorist. For my own part, I 
like the aorist better, though the preceding verb is in the imper- 
fect ; which is no reason why dU6aXtg should also be in the im- 
perfect, since, if we should change the first verb into a partici- 
ple, we might correctly say a y.azaipsvdoiisvog dui6uUg. 

1 6. nofinsiag] We should translate it thus : a torrent of 
abuse. It is used instead of the word vSgmg, Xoidoqiag ' and 
this signification of the word nofinua, which means procession, 
arises from the circumstance that in the processions they were 
accustomed to cast abuse on each other, dux to ev xaig no^inaig 
xafimdetv vol koidogslv aXXyXovg. We now use the word noy,- 
7ti(x)[i£vog, in the sense defamed, dishonored; and it comes 
from the same source. 

16. avtdrji'] from aviivai' like ovgadrjv, fictdrjv, from avvigavah 
fidvcu, and it means licentiously, without restraint. Taylor pre- 
fers avald?]v, which means impudently. Scholiast. 3 £av fiiv diu 
jrjg di(p&6yya ygacprjTaL, rrjg avaio%vvTii liyu, av 8s. dice tS e, otisq 
not fieXxiov, Ti\g noXXijg, ix j-rjg avioeag, a&goag ts xal acpodgag. 

18. axovsiv,] Reiske, upon some authority, puts this word 
after foXoptvoig. I know not what effect this may have upon 
others, but my ear is not pleased with this transposition. 

21. y\ TiQoaLQWig] the end, intention. In order better to un- 
derstand the signification of this word for which it is quite 
difficult to find an equivalent in another language, see p. 120, 
1. 7. and p. 153, 1. 26. This word is still much used among 
us, and particularly in this phrase : ij&sXov va Ida rtjv nQoalgs- 
alv gov, it was only to see your good-will, your intention. 

22. i7ir,gsiav, v.. t. X.] This word comes from ern]Qw£co, and 
means malignity, ill-will; v6qig, Xoidogla, ngon^Xaxionbg, are 
three synonymes, but there is still some difference between 
them. We might translate them by injury, insult, outrage ; 
and their difference seems to me to consist in this ; the word 



256 NOTES. 

v6gig, expresses rather the intention than the action ; in the 93 
word XoidoQia, the intention begins to show itself in abusive 
words ; and in the word 7iQ07ir)XaxiG[i6g, the intention, the words, 
and the action are united to complete the insult. The last word 
has its etymology from ni]lbg, dirt, as if we should say : insult, 
by casting dirt upon one. Instead of o^S, Reiske prefers fyx. 
26. s<f iyyvg.] $c. tfg aUccgdlxijg. Wolfius. (See p. 121, 1. 13.) 
26. Ov yag, x. t. X.] For it is not proper to forbid any one a 
free access to the people. We must confess that this yag, for, 
is not in place here ; and having no connexion with what goes 
before, renders the passage rather obscure, and has led all crit- 
ics to believe that the sentence must have been corrupted. 
Perhaps it stood hv. ag , no certainly. I doubt, however, wheth- 
er even the correction that I have proposed would be satisfac- 
tory ; so that we must be content to leave it as it is, for fear of 
making it worse ; explaining the word yag by xal ofioloyw hi 
ovy. ay. and I confess that it is not proper, fyc« 

1. ETgaycodsi] he declaimed like a tragedian. There is much 94 
severity in the Greek word. It reminds the Athenians of 
the former occupation of iEschines, who began by being a 
player, or as Demosthenes says, by being a country-player, a 
mere actor of third-rate parts.. 

2. nag ama xadiy^fiaia] in the fact, at the very time that I 
committed the crimes ; ev&vg ozs r\8Uovv syw lavxa. Wolfius. 

3. elgayysllag a%a] Things worthy of denunciation. The 
action ugayyzUa, was entered against the citizen who was un- 
faithful in a public office, betrayed his country, or led the peo- 
ple away by vain promises. The accuser in this case, by the 
ancient law, enjoyed an unjust privilege ; he could lose his 
cause with impunity and without suffering any injury from it, 
even when the accused had been acquitted. The disorder oc- 
casioned by such license at length caused this law to be abol- 
ished ; a law which opened the door for calumny, and multi- 
plied accusers to infinity. They were subject afterwards to a 
pecuniary fine, if in the verdict they had not a fifth part of the 
suffrages in their favor. 



DEMOSTHENES. 257 

94 6. Ov yug — 5w«T«t] Gail proposes to understand that, x5- 
xo, after dvvaxai, and to translate it, for it cannot be; but I think 
it more simple to take dvvaxai for dwaxov ioxi, For it is not 
possible he should have accused Ctesiphon from hatred toward 
me, and not have accused me in person, if he thought he could 
convict me. Some editors put tvopi'Csv avxbv, but I think the 
comma is better after £v6{ii&v ' I should be very willing however 
to omit the comma entirely ; or to restore that which I have 
taken away after spe <5 3 , because in pronouncing the discourse, 
we ought not to pause here, ips d° avxbv being an Attic tmesis 
instead of ipavxbv di. 

11. xal Tiuayglai] Hermogenes omits these two words. 
Reiske places them after xgiosig, and proposes to use the accusa- 
tive by writing thus ; yglasig xal xi^icoglag nixgag xal (.uyala 
f%ovoai xa inixlfxia ' I do not agree with him ; and think it bet- 
ter to leave it as it is. 

13. i^rjv] Some editions have igrjv avxoj naou xqtjo&ou v.ax e^v. 

16. avxov.] Construe this with y.axrjyogla. 

19. vnoxglvExai.] He acts a comedy ; an allusion to the for- 
mer employment of J^schines. 

20. xaxriyoqu fisv g^ov, xgivu ds xsxovl '] This passage is thus 
to be understood ; He accuses me, and puts him (Ctesiphon) 
on trial. 

21. ncog] Enclitic, meaning in a certain manner. 

95 6. (Inloxguxovg] Much is said about this Philocrates in the 
oration of iEschines. See page 20 et seq. 

11. (Pwyaxov] See Notes, p. 51, 1. 24. 

17. ytsmxgoig] Leuctra, a city of Bceotia, near which the 
Thebans, under the command of Epaminondas, gained a cele- 
brated victory over the Lacedaemonians. This victory render- 
ed them powerful in Greece, and very proud. 

26. eavxovg] Some editions have alh]lovg. 

28. icpvexo.] See cpvopivov xaxov, p. 109, 1. 19. This word 
is properly used for plants, and is here employed metaphorical- 
ly. We still retain this metaphor in our language, and say 
Tio&sv icpvxQoias ; in the sense of, whence has he come ? from what 
place has he come out ? whence does he make his appearance ? 
33 



258 NOTES. 

30. dtvxsig] unfortunate Thebans ; he says this because 95 
Alexander had just sacked, and entirely destroyed their city. 

20. ''AQiaTodri^og yv, 6 vtt.] It was Aristodemus, the comedi- 96 
an. We must remember that comedians were anciently more 
esteemed than they are in our day ; that they were not even 
excluded from the administration of affairs. Those only were 
despised who, having but little talent, joined those companies 
that strolled through the country. iEschines began as an ac- 
tor in these companies ; and even, according to Demosthenes, 
only played third-rate parts. Our orator frequently alludes to 
this in his oration. 

26. Ev6. v.. Ki](p.~\ Eubulus and Cephisophon, two citizens 
of Athens and officers of that city. 

2. ut, a — ] There is here also the rhetorical figure called 97 
dnooiamijGig, reticence. 

4. hgayadsig] Some critics write also diSTQayajdsig, but I 
prefer it without the preposition. 

6. naQsX&wv,] I have placed the comma after naQsX&wv, 
others have it after jama ' but with this correction the sense 
seems to me more clear. 

12. ovdslg *] Some add shoToig after this word. 

12. ovdcva] Reiske prefers ydivag in the plural, and perhaps 
the hiatus caused by ovoiva utiegt. had some influence on his 
choice. Leaving it in the singular, in order to avoid the hia- 
tus, I have transposed the word tots, which is commonly placed 
after aTieGTaXjxsvT]. 

14. izelrjlE/iiivoi,] Attic perfect of ^Xiyxo^at, and means 
they had declared themselves. It gives here the same sense as 
cmodedeiyfiivoi, which some suppose to be the proper word. 

20. EvQv6aTov\ Eurybates. See Notes, p. 48, 1. 3. 

27. ovdttv] Some manuscripts omit this first tidiv, but I think 
the repetition gives the expression greater force. 

4. (plXinnov] Better without the article zbv, which some insert. 98 

12. i&XvGo>Ts] Some write also £$dvGao&s. 

17. yaq\ After this word comes jtjv elgtjv^v, which I have 
transposed and placed after Zvsxa • for which last, some also 
write evexBv. 



DEMOSTHENES. 259 

98 30. rug ngiaOsig] Demosthenes here, by the way, answers the 
reproaches of ^schines, who charged him with a base com- 
plaisance towards the ambassadors of Philip, in introducing 
them to the assembly and public shows. These reproaches 
may be seen, p. 28. 

99 2. amoiq] Others place this word after agxiTsxTova ' I have 
transposed it, both on acount of the hiatus, and to render the 
sense more clear. 

3. (v toLv dvdlv oCoXolv] Idiomatic, instead of the genitive 
dvolv oBololv, for two oboli. They paid two oboli for a place 
at the spectacle ; and these oboli were probably spent for re- 
pairing the seats. For the value of the obolus, see Notes, p. 
10, 1. 20. 

10, c £xaTOfi6ai(ovog] The month of September ; so called be- 
cause during this month they celebrated the festivals called 
c ExaTO[i6(u, as if we should say, festivals of the great sacrifices. 
For the word txaTo/j.6rj, which literally means a sacrifice of a 
hundred oxen, means, in general, any great sacrifice, any 
solemn sacrifice. 

13. Tigog 'A&rjvalovg,] instead of this, some place the words 
ngbg zbv A&rjvalwv drjfiov, after uvv&rjxag, I suppose because the 
same expression is found in 1. 22 ; but with me, that should be 
a reason for not admitting it, in order to vary the expression. 

24. HgsoSeig, x. t. X.] ^Eschines and Demosthenes seem to 
indicate in their harangues on the False Embassy, that the 
same citizens who had been upon the first embassy were upon 
the second, that in relation to oaths. But we see by the decree 
itself that the deputies of the second were not the same as 
those of the first, excepting yEschines. To reconcile the two 
orators with the decree, we must believe that associates were 
given to the deputies there mentioned, and that these were 
chosen from among the deputies of the first embassy. ^Eschi- 
nes says positively that there were eleven deputies in the sec- 
ond, including that of the allies ; and it is also certain that De- 
mosthenes was of this embassy. 
100 13. (a/j.ol6y->]<Js] Some prefer wpoae, and then, with Reiske, 
we are almost compelled by the sense to put s&lv in brackets,, 



•260 NOTES. 

as superfluous; but by leaving afioloy^oE, the word !'£s«/ does 100 
very well, and is indispensable. I do not see that the sense 
would gain much, however, by the change. 

14. tovtovq, ov%l] Some insert xovg, which seems to me 
gratuitous and inelegant, xovTovg zovg. 

19. fiillsi y.al Ttagaax. nogsveod-cu,] The infinitive is here 
governed by, and depends upon, the two verbs ; it means that 
he is about to set out, and is making preparations for it. The 
word [iiXIel here means is about to do ; a signification that al- 
ways belongs to it when it is followed by an infinitive. But 
where it has no regimen, this verb means, he defers, temporizes, 
protracts things, ftgadvvei, avaSaXlsrai, %govl£si,. Demosthenes 
often employs [isllei, in both senses. 

21. rbv nog&pbv,] This word comes from nug(a, and means 
passage. There has been a great deal written about it ; Wol- 
fius says it means a narrow sea, %i]v gtwt\v S-alaoaav ' Taylor, 
who comes after him, thinks that it is applied to the strait that 
separates Euboea from the continent, observing that Porthmus 
was also the name of a citj x on a promontory of the island, 
(p. 112, 1. 2.) But that could not be, since Philip could only 
conduct his army into Phocis by land, and the Athenians could 
only stop it by land, and consequently the reference can 
only be to the defile of Thermopylae. It follows from this that 
the word nogd-fxbg means narrow passage, either by land or sea ; 
but more commonly used in the last sense. 

11. i'xr)d ? ~\ Some manuscripts have also ayij-dt. But if it is 101 
only to vary the expression which is found 1. 23, we ought to 
prefer %xn&> tne ratner as this is as good, and now used in 
preference to the other. We say av £%rjg ^av^lav, if you re- 
main tranquil. 

17. aval'/rjolag] insensibility, stupidity, synonymous with 
avaia&ijaia, unudsta. The Thebans who had aspired, under 
Epaminondas, to the government of Greece, were not then 
avata&TjTOL, (p. 104, 1. 10 ;) but by treating them thus harshly 
Demosthenes was sure of pleasing the Athenians. 

20. {izia Taw evdvg ,-] It is found also with the interrogation 
after iuxa xavxa. 



DEMOSTHENES. 261 

101 26. agog Otj6alovg] Reiske, on some authority, puts ngog 
Tovg Orj6oclovg — ysyevijoS-ai. 

29. KalXia&ivovg] Callisthenes, a citizen of Athens, who 
engaged in the affairs of government. 

1 02 2. av/y.hjjov, x. t. X.] In an extraordinary assembly convoked 
by the generals. In relation to the assemblies, see Notes, 
p. 3, 1. 4. They elected ten generals at Athens, each year ; 
each tribe chose one ; and the elections were held in the Pnyx. 
They commanded a day each ; and each general of the day 
held the office of generalissimo. The generals commanded 
the armies, and in the city were the ministers of war. 

4. MccipaxTiiQiwvog] The month of December. We do not 
know exactly which of our months correspond to the Attic 
months. There is a great difference in the opinions of the 
most skilful chrcnologists upon the subject. I have adopt- 
ed the opinion which seemed to me most probable. The 
month Mai^iaxTi]QL(av, however, derives its name from Aiog fiocL- 
fiaxTov, Jupiter, the turbulent, or stormy ; because Jupiter 
frequently troubles the air, and stirs up tempests in December. 

12. inLTiploig,] is here used in a bad sense, and means chas- 
tisement. In other places it means prize, reward. (See also 
Notes, p. 188, 1. 26.) As if we should say ; he shall be consid- 
ered as guilty of treason, and shall receive the reward of it ; 
which reward would, in this case, naturally be nothing else 
than a punishment. 

13. 6 inl twv onhov GTQaTi]'/6g] The general of the day. There 
are various opinions as to whether there is any difference between 
OTgaTfj/og by itself, and when joined with the epithet inl jcav 
otiXojv ' and probably originally there was none, as in our day 
we say indiscriminately general and general of an army. 
Samuel Petit conjectures ingeniously but without proving it by 
authority, that the first of these words is applied to all the ten 
generals, and the second to him who, in his turn, held the chief 
command. According to Taylor, gqaxr\yog inl tmv onXav, might 
be the commander of the heavy-armed infantry (onXtica), as 
distinguished from the commander of the cavalry. See the two 
decrees, p. 127, 128. This relative signification of onXa for bnXl- 



262 NOTES. 

rai, is found in the Anabasis of Xenophon and in Thucydides. 102 
The expression that follows, 6 inl Ttjg diowq&sag, after which it is 
natural to understand ggairjyog, the general who had the admin- 
istration of the finances, otherwise, the treasurer, leads me to 
think that each of the ten generals had a particular branch of 
the administration or command. And in order to reconcile the 
two opinions I have mentioned, we may believe, with probabili- 
ty, that it was exclusively reserved for the general of the day 
to command the heavy-armed troops. The word axgaTrj/og 
is also applied to civil magistrates, since aigajog, from which it 
is derived, does not always mean an army, but frequently a mul- 
titude of men assembled. In this sense it is used by Pindar, 
(Pyth. 11, 160,) %<xmoTav 6 XdSgog ggoaog, %o)tccv nokiv oi aocpol 
■zygscovri. And ivhen the impetuous people, and when the most 
learned govern the state. A thousand other examples prove 
this assertion. 

25. imaToh)] This letter of Philip, as well as all the others 
found in Demosthenes, has a cavalier, military air, indicating 
the superiority of the prince who wrote, and the weakness of 
the people to whom he wrote. 

29. jBouoria,] Boeotia was the country and, as it were, the 1 03 
province of which Thebes was the capital, as we have said 

in a preceding note. JEschines had possessed, or had acquir- 
ed, lands in this country. 

30. s^TjrsfiTjv] I have been asked. See Prolegom. p. ?J. I. 1. 

1. fiallov] It is written also (jidla lowg ugfioosL UyuV but I 104 
cannot think, with Reiske, that this is preferable. It is enough 
to observe that there is an hiatus caused by the two vowels fol- 
lowing immediately after each other, fidla i'awg which does not 
take place in the other manner ; and although this is of no 
great consequence, yet it ought to be avoided where it can be 
done, as is here the case. 

7. havzovg] After this word ancient editions have tw &iHn- 
71$ ' I have preferred to conform to those who omit it. 

19. "Dlvgiovg Y.al TgiGvllovg,] As to the first of these two 
nations, as it has retained its name to the present day, and forms 
one of the provinces belonging to Austria, we need only men- 



DEMOSTHENES. 263 

104 tion that it is situated to the northwest of Macedonia. With 
regard to the second, the learned Auger says, the Triballians, 
a nation of Mysia, a country of Asia Minor, an opinion no wise 
founded upon historical evidence. The scholiast of Homer says, 
(Iliad, B'. 858, Bolissian edition,) "Otl ds Mvaol y.cd Evgwnaiol 
blow oX/s xal nigav "Igtqv r\Gav, 8i]Xovt(U aXXa^ov ' which shows 
us that there was another Mysia in Europe ; and if the scholiast 
had said ivTog^'lggs, this side the Danube, instead of nigav, beyond } 
then according to what Thucydides says, Lib. II. 96 ; Tu ds 
ngog Tgi6aXXsg, xal TSTsg avTOv6{i8g, Tgijgsg wgi'£ov y.al TiXaTcdoi ' 
olxsai <$' ovtol ngog Bogiav tov JZxojjilif cgovg, xal nagrjxovoi ngog 
7\Xl8 dvoiv (xixgi ts 'Ooxlov noiu^Lb * (which places them in what 
is now called Bulgaria,) it might be possible that they were 
of Mysia, but in Europe, and not in Asia Minor. 

24. tots ndvTsg,] The addition of tots di], before tote ndvTEg, 
does not seem to me so elegant as it may appear to others ; and 
therefore I have not imitated those who prefer it. 

31. idtwT&v] Magistrates out of office are idicjTai, but are not 
among the ol noXXol. 

105 12. axovovoiv.] Some add elxoTcog after this word. 

20. aTiodofisvcov] It is written also dnodedofiivbw, and does 
not mean to deliver up, but to sell. There is the same mean- 
ing in avdganodiCeiV, to sell a man ; which word explains dvdgd- 
nodov, of which the etymology remained for a long time un- 
known. 

25. ^iaa&sv7]g] Lasthenes, Timolaus, Eudicus, Simus, Aris- 
tratus, and Perilous, all natives of different cities, devoted to the 
king of Macedonia, who gave up to him some part of Greece, 
but had no cause to congratulate themselves on their treason. 
This anecdote is related about Lasthenes : he had given up 
his country, Olynthus, to Philip ; and being called a traitor 
even by the soldiers of the prince, the monarch said to him ; 
Pay no attention to what these rude men say, who call things 
by their real names. 

31. Ttaoa] For the sake of euphony I have placed this word 
after ^ oinovfisvrj, others having it before. 



264 NOTES. 

4. Tomoig] For the same reason I have put this word before, 106 
whilst others have it after avrdiyav. 

12. saXoxgaalav'] This word is composed of swg olivet xgrwig, 
and according to its etymology, it ought to signify the extreme 
intemperance of the preceding evening. He adds ugirsQ and jtva, 
as in some sort, because he employs the term figuratively ; and 
the sense is : JBschines has disgorged upon me the foul con- 
tents of his own villany and injustice, which it was necessa- 
ry to refute before those ivho are too young to know well the 
facts. 

25. raina.] After this word some add also a second ov% sgi. 

30. ula&wTog] mercenary. Demosthenes purposely placed 
the accent on the antepenult, instead of on the last syllable, 
knowing well the extreme delicacy of the Athenian ear, and 
feeling sure that his audience would correct him, and in so 
doing, pronounce the word in the proper manner. So it really 
happened, and the Athenians, to correct him, cried out with 
one voice fiiaS-wTog. Demosthenes, delighted with the effect 
which he had produced, exclaimed, addressing ^Eschines ; Do 
you hear ivhat they say ? There are many persons, however, 
who do not believe this anecdote, and pretend that the orator 
boldly risked the question, after having inflamed and exaspe- 
rated the minds of his audience, by a most violent sally against 
the traitors, and thus disposed them to answer according to his 
wishes. Others say that the poet Menander, a friend of De- 
mosthenes, and one of the judges, was the only one who re- 
peated the cry of mercenary, and that Demosthenes used his 
words as if they had been the sentiments of the whole assembly. 
Others again relate, that after Demosthenes had thus called 
upon the judges, they began to confer and deliberate with each 
other, but that he, without waiting for their answer, did not 
hesitate to proceed, as if sure that it would be in his favor. 

27. Jiovvaloig,] The festivals in honor of Bacchus were of 107 
two sorts, the greater and the less. The former were among 
the most solemn of the Athenian festivals ; they were celebrated 
within the city, towards spring, and were called diovvoia ' the 
latter were celebrated in the open country, in autumn, and had 
the name of Anvaia. 



DEMOSTHENES. 265 

107 28. TQuycpdwv rrj xouv-jj '] understood snidel^st,, or aywvla, or 
sigodaj ug itjv Gxrjvrjv, or slgayayjj. The tragic poets, some 
time before the great festivals in honor of Bacchus, brought 
forward the new pieces which they had written, as candidates 
for the prize. Judges were appointed by the state, to deter- 
mine their respective merit. The pieces were acted before 
them, and even in the presence of the people, but apparently 
without much pomp. The judges gave in their votes, and the 
piece which obtained the plurality of them was declared vic- 
torious, was crowned as such, and represented with great 
splendor at the public expense. Those which were second 
and third in rank were also represented during the festival, 
and were called the new tragedies. 

31. KXrjTogsg,] a sort of sheriffs who summoned the accused 
before the court. The accuser wrote his charge in the follow- 
ing form : jtaTyyoQOJ rovde, xal nQogxalov^ai jovtov dia ts duvog 
slg to §ovUvjriQiov. (See Notes, p. 139, 1. 15.) 

1 08 24. c O yccg diaxcov, z. t. X.] As it is very unpleasant to be 
obliged to sound one's own praises, Demosthenes, who here 
speaks at length of the services he has rendered to the state, 
uses great circumspection and moderation in so doing. He 
declares to his audience, that he does it with regret, and that 
all the odium of the thing ought to fall upon JEschines, who 
forces him to be his own panegyrist. 

109 9. <poQccv] from cpsgio, and signifies abundance, affluence, in- 
crease. 

26. JoloTimv] The Dolopians are called by some authors a 
tribe from Thessaly; others assert them to have inhabited 
iEtolia, and others, Epirus. They were present at the siege of 
Troy, as followers of Achilles, or Phoenix, or Pyrrhus, for this 
is also an unsettled point. 
Ill 1. tov oy&aXfiov ixxs.] Philip lost his right eye by a wound 
from an arrow at the siege of Methone ; in a battle fought with 
the Triballians, he was wounded in the thigh, and had a horse 
killed under him. He was probably wounded on other occa- 
sions, though the fact is not particularly mentioned by his- 
torians. 

34 



266 NOTES, 

11. xal loyoLq xal dsag/jfiaoi] both in public speeches and in 111 
theatrical representations, or rather, at the tribunal, and at the 
theatre. 

28. JioTtBi&ovg] Diopiihes, a minister and general of the 
Athenians, father of the comic poet Menander, the model of 
Terence. As respects Euhulus, see p. 96, 1. 26, and Aristo- 
phon,y. 67,4.20. 

3. <I>l1iot15i]v — Kldiagxov,] Philistides and Clitarchus, 112 
two ambitious and evil-minded citizens, each of whom enslaved 
his country to further the views of Philip. 

11. Mvawv Xslav] The prey of the Mysians, that is, the prey 
of the weakest nations, who were themselves pillaged by all 
others. This proverb arose from the circumstance, that the 
Mysians, during the absence of their king Telephus, were so 
weak and defenceless as to be insulted and pillaged with impu- 
nity by all their neighbours ; hence to express the lowest de- 
gree of weakness and of degradation, a nation was said to be 
the prey even of the Mysians, who were themselves the prey 
of all others. 

13. og(avxmvi\ Reiske supports the reading xal ovtoov, and 
gives his reasons in a note. I agree with Taylor in preserving 
ogujvTCjv, but am induced to omit the v.vX, being of opinion 
that some transcriber has written %al ovrav instead of oqwv- 
jmv, either through inattention, or because, the initial letters 
being erased, he wrote from conjecture. The omission of xal 
also gives more force to the language the orator employs. 
This expression is thus used by Homer, Iliad, A. 88. 
OvTig, ifiev 'C,wvioq v.al enl x&ovl dsgxopsvoio. 
28. JBoiidgopmroc;,] The month of November. It was so 
named from the festivals celebrated during this month, and call- 
ed Boydgofua, that is, of ready assistance. The occasion of 
their institution was that Ion, son of Xuthus, had come in 
great haste to the assistance of the Athenians, when hard 
pressed by Eumolpus, son of Neptune. The name of the fes- 
tival is taken from (3oi), cry, and dgi^co, I run, whence is form- 
ed (joijdgo^iM, I run at the cry, I fly to the assistance. It was 
also during the month Bo'edromion, that Theseus defeated the 
Amazons who besieged Athens. 



DEMOSTHENES. 267 

113 25. fiovlqg yvojfiy,] By the opinion of the senate. If any 
manuscripts had yvw/Ai] in the nominative, Taylor would have 
thought these two words transposed, and that they should 
be written instead of ipr^ioiia, in the twenty-third line. This 
learned critic is led to form this opinion from the circumstance 
that an affair discussed in the Senate was called povlrjg yvafiri, 
and not ipt]cpLOfia. He is right, if the affair is discussed for the 
first time in the Senate ; for in that case only a fiovtevfia, or 
rather 7igo6ovlev[ia, preparatory decree was given. But here, 
as the context shows us, the act in question has passed from the 
Senate to the people, and by the people has again been referred 
to the Senate. Such an act ought, as I should think, to be 
called \f)r]cpLGiia, for it has the sanction of both Senate and 
people; dsdoz&ciL tjJ (HovXji »k\ rS d^uea, (see p. 99, 1. 15.) We 
should therefore retain y^cpiofia, and also read yvtofy. The af- 
fair is an important one. The Senate, desiring it should be 
discussed with great solemnity, had determined that not only 
the Prytanes, but also the generals should express to them the 
wishes of the people ; TigvTdveig %al urgavrjyol — avevsyy.ovTsg, 
with tig fiovb)v understood. We have elsewhere remarked 
with regard to the generals, that when they were not with the 
army, they acted as ministers or civil magistrates at Athens. 

114 16. Jaofisdav.] It is found thus written in every edition ; but 
from what we see, p. 113, 1. 1., it must be a mistake, and should 
be written Aewddpag, a correction I should not scruple to make 
in a second impression. 

116 5. naga ool yMTslvov,] They lodged at your house. This 
signification of the verb is retained in this expression, very 
common among us, nts s%sts to Kaxdlv^id Gag ,• ivhere do you lodge ? 
14. d AqkjtovUov] There were two persons of the name of 
Aristonicus, one of Marathon, and the other of the borough 
Phrearrhe, or according to Plutarch, of Anagyrus. It is 
the latter who is here alluded to, the same who decreed a gol- 
den crown to Demomeles. We see (p. 163, 1. 20,) that De- 
momeles and Hyperides, before him, had caused a decree to be 
passed in favor of the same Demosthenes, awarding to him a 
golden crown, to be proclaimed at the theatre. 



268 NOTES. 

21. ra(jM]hwvog] The month of March. It was so called H6 
because it was the month during which were celebrated the 
festivals of Juno, called rv.fii]lia, as if they would say marriage 
festivals, from yafioq, marriage. For Juno was the tutelar 
goddess in marriage and its consequences. 

6. uywo&hrp.] See Notes, p. 62, 1. 27. 117 

5. t;y, in(QbiTi]a(a '] Better than the common reading sni-i igoo- 118 

T1JOL0. 

25. Boqtioqlxw,] JBosporichus is the proper name of the pon- 
tiff, but it is, notwithstanding, a compound word. The whole 
decree is in the Doric dialect of the Byzantines, and the name 
of the pontiff was placed at the head of all decrees, as was 
that of the Archon at Athens. 

26. rj] alia'] This word has given a great deal of trouble to 
.earned critics, because in the manuscripts it is found written 
Tsalla. Some have thought it the name of a place ; others 
have joined it to the iv, and have made a proper name of it, as 
if it was Damagetus, son of Entealias. Neither of these con- 
jectures appears correct, and the word can mean nothing else 
but assembly, in the sense in which Herodotus uses it, odlyv 
inoivjoavro, they formed an assembly. Those who refrain strict- 
ly from touching the text, are satisfied with supposing that ts 
was a peculiarity of the dialect of the Byzantines/who employ- 
ed it where t« was commonly used by other Dorians ; but in 
this case I prefer the supposition that they said zjj or per- 
haps tal allai, with the i not subscribed, and as there was 
no difference in pronunciation between ai and s the mistake 
might easily be made in writing from dictation, as is frequently 
the case. 

30. xaQuaq] It is commonly written %gdag. 

8. imya^lav,] This word signifies the reciprocal right which 119 
persons of different nations have to unite in marriage, a right 
which was generally provided for by a particular article in trea- 
ties of alliance. The word nolizslu, which follows, is synony- 
mous with what we call at present nohjoyQacpla, and signifies 
right of citizenship. 



DEMOSTHENES. 269 

119 8. xxdoiv yag xal olxlav,] Inmost editions and manuscripts 
this passage is written ix xag yug, xal oixeiav Tig., which is 
evidently a corruption of the original text. It has been cor- 
rected by being written lyxxaoiv yag xal olxidv, the right of 
oivning lands and houses. For my own part I prefer xxdoiv yag 
xal olxlav, and thus the correction is, in the first place, near- 
er to the text, which ought always to be adopted when the 
sense will allow it ; and, in the second place, when the rights 
of citizenship and of owning lands were granted to the Athe- 
nians, it would naturally follow that they possessed the right 
of owning houses, a right inseparable from the others. If 
we leave olxdav without correction, as an adjective agree- 
ing with ngosdolav, it makes very poor sense. I prefer, there- 
fore, olxlav, and the correction consists merely in the diphthong, 
which might be a mistake in writing, since el and i are pro- 
nounced in exactly the same manner. The sense of the pas- 
sage is, then, as follows ; the Athenians were allowed the right 
of possessing lands, and the right of domicile ; that is, every 
Athenian who came to Byzantium, had a right to be accom- 
modated with a lodging at the public expense, and thus it was 
truly a privilege which was granted to them. In this way, the 
sense appears to me perfectly clear and natural. 

9. nod-oSov] Doric for ngogodov, and signifies access, admis- 
sion, right of entrance. 

10. nagd xotg nsgl to, Ugd "] near those ivho have the care 
of sacred things, which I prefer to the Doric ngaxoig, for nga- 
xoig [isxd xcc Ugd. 

12. ndoav ngogixi Xuxovgylav *] And those of the Athenians 
who wished to dwell in the city, to be, moreover, free from all taxes 
of every kind. I have thus corrected ngogdxi, instead of the com- 
mon ngbg xdv, which is even entirely omitted by some editors, and 
which Reiske corrects by writing naodv ngogxaxxdv leixagyidv. 

13. exxaidExamj/sig] to erect three statues of sixteen cubits. 
We ought not to be surprised at the height of these statues, 
since it is well known that the ancients, to show their gratitude 
to their benefactors, frequently erected colossal statues in honor 
of them. We will merely mention the famous statue of the Sun, 



270 NOTES, 

known under the name of the Colossus of Rhodes, which was 119 
of such a prodigious size that vessels could pass with full sails, 
between its legs; and the statue of Olympian Jupiter, the 
masterpiece of Phidias which was so large that the god who 
was represented in a sitting posture could not have stood erect 
under the roof of the temple. 

16. &s(OQlag] In one of the oldest editions which I have be- 
fore me, that of John Hervage, Basle, 1532, 1 find dcoglag, which 
does not make sense, but is evidently a corruption of 3-teoglag, in 
the manuscripts. It has been also written by some dcogedg, and 
by others Jcoqlevgi, which alteration does not much improve it. 
We are indebted to Reiske for this very fortunate correction 
S-ecoglag, deputations to assist at the games. 

17. "lad-fiia, x. t.L] The Isthmian games, were celebrated 
every four years at the isthmus of Corinth, in honor of Neptune. 
They were restored by Theseus, and continued even after the 
ruin of Corinth. The Nemean games, which derived their name 
from Nemea, a town and forest of Peloponnesus, and which were 
instituted or renewed by Hercules after he had slain the Ne- 
mean lion, were celebrated every two years near the scene of 
his victory. The Olympic games were thus named from Olym- 
pia, also called Pisa, near which they took place every four years, 
in honor of Olympian Jupiter, and were the most remarkable. 
They were instituted by Hercules, and every one knows that 
from them the Greeks dated historical events. The Pythian 
games were sacred to Apollo, surnamed Pythian on ac- 
count of the serpent Python which he had slain, and were 
celebrated every four years, near the famous temple of Delphi. 

18. tw GT£(pdvoj co avoTscpuvaToti] Reiske here makes the cor- 
rection Twg GTScpdvcog, cog iGiecpavcoTcu, in the accusative plural ; 
for otherwise the text, being left, as it is commonly, in the dative 
singular tw gsydvm, co ovuTsq)., is extremely obscure. But we 
must recollect that two nations were here spoken of, the Byzan- 
tines and the Perinthians, and two crowns which they granted ; 
thus neither the singular nor the plural would be employed, but 
the dual, as I have put it, and the whole difficulty arises from a 
mere mistake in the orthography. As to the word ovaiecpdvcoTcu, 



DEMOSTHENES. 271 

1 1 9 I have not been willing even to alter it, because the preposi- 
tion (jvv relates to the two nations which joined in crowning the 
Athenian people ; and to the objection that it should be avvsgs- 
cpavtoTtti, it is enough to answer, that the past tenses are fre- 
quently found among the poets without the augment, and this 
omission, with that of the v of the preposition, is very common 
in Modern Greek, which preserves a great part of, or rather 
which is formed from, the JEolico-Doric dialect. 

29. nqaxxwv ysyovs] I have made the correction ngaxxmv, 
instead of the infinitive ttquxxelv, which renders the passage 
very obscure. I here consider the word yiyovs, as having the 
same sense as dtsxeXsos, which, joined to the participle, is an 
idiomatic expression for Inga^s, and the sense thus becomes 
perfectly clear and simple. To avoid the difficulty, Reiske 
has made a very ingenious correction, but it is not so near to 
the text; as some manuscripts have nqaxxuv ai'xiog, he has 
thence inferred nagodxiog, writing also ps/kit, instead of ^dyigov. 

30. ix xr\g fpillTinov,] %sigog, or dvvaoxslag, is understood. 
121 3. c r{ielg, x. x. l.~\ The Peloponnesian war was ended. The 

victorious Lacedaemonians had become masters of Athens, had 
ruined its walls, destroyed its vessels, and established in it a 
government of thirty tyrants. All powerful in Greece, they 
had just sent against the monarch of Persia, Agesilaus, who 
made him tremble in his palace. One of the governors of 
Artaxerxes in Asia found means to detach from their party 
Thebes, Argos, and Corinth. The Thebans sent ambassa- 
dors to the Athenians to ask their assistance and participa- 
tion in the league ; and they, though but just delivered from 
their tyrants, and in spite of their own weakness and the pow- 
er of their rival, took up arms and marched first to Haliartus, 
a town of Boeotia, and then to Corinth, near which the Lace- 
daemonians had a considerable number of troops, under excel- 
lent generals. All this the Athenians did, although they had 
good reason to be dissatisfied with the conduct of the Thebans 
and Corinthians towards them, in the Peloponnesian war. 

12. dsxslsixov noksfiov] The Decelian war. Decelia was 
a borough of Attica. The Lacedaemonians obtained possession 



272 NOTES. 

of it in the nineteenth year of the Peloponnesian war; they for- 121 
tified it, and, by means of that advantageous situation, were 
enabled to do great injury to the Athenians, as long as hostili- 
ties lasted. The latter part of the war was therefore called the 
Decelian war, and the fort became so famous that this name 
was sometimes given to the whole Peloponnesian war which 
arose between Athens and Lacedsemon. The hostilities of the 
Corcyraeans against Corinth for their reciprocal pretensions to 
Epidamnus were the occasion and the pretext, but the alarming 
and oppressive power of Athens was the true cause of it. All 
the nations of Greece were drawn into it, some taking one side 
and some the other. It lasted twenty-seven years, and was 
called the Peloponnesian war, because the Lacedaemonians who 
took the principal part in it, inhabited that division of Greece 
which bore the name of Peloponnesus. 

20. olxiaxw] small house, and also bird-cage, a signification 
which here renders the sense more forcible. 

25. ot uiaxEdaifiovlovg] An accusative, to be construed with 
avsXstv. The Thebans, with Epaminondas at their head, had 
gained a victory over the Lacedaemonians at Leuctra, and had 
thus given a severe blow to their power. Under the command 
of the same general they had invaded and laid waste Laconia, 
and had caused Sparta itself to tremble for its safety. The 
Lacedaemonians, having every thing to fear from an enemy 
who became every day more bold and enterprising, had re- 
course to the Athenians, to whom they sent ambassadors to 
implore assistance. The Athenians, on the other hand, had 
not forgotten the ill treatment they had experienced from Spar- 
ta on more than one occasion, yet they resolved to succour their 
former rivals with their whole strength. 

1. in Tovxav idsl&Ts,] I have transposed these words, which, 122 
in other editions, are found in an inverse order ; and for 
a very evident reason, that it suits the ear better, a reason 
which has often influenced me where I have not mentioned it 
in the notes, as being of little consequence. 

7. Tidhv acp. Or}6. rtjv Ev6oiav,] The Thebans in their turn 
appropriating to themselves Eubcea. He says in their turn, 



DEMOSTHENES. 273 

122 because Eubcea had been coveted by Philip (see p. Ill, 1. 31,) 

by Athens, and by Thebes. The island was first divided by two 
factions, of which one asked the assistance of the Thebans, 
and the other that of the Athenians. The former triumphed 
at first, but on the arrival of the Athenians the face of affairs 
was changed. They repelled the Thebans, drove them from 
Eubcea, restored tranquillity to the island, and were willing to 
receive in recompense nothing but the glory of having con- 
quered it, and given it peace. They had, however, much rea- 
son to complain of Themison, tyrant of Eretria, who, in concert 
with Theodorus, had taken from them Oropus in time of peace. 

123 15. xhv aycova tov twv nag.'] Better than the common rbv 
ayuva tovtov, or with the preposition slg. 

17. to nipTCTov {tigog] It was necessary that the accuser 
should have at least a fifth part of the votes ; otherwise, he was 
condemned to pay a fine, more or less heavy, or was subject to 
some severer punishment. 

18. tovq rjyepovag twv ov^oqlwv,^ The number of those who 
were to contribute to equip the galleys, amounted to twelve hun- 
dred men. They were divided into twenty classes, called ov^io- 
qlai, each of sixty men ; and each class was subdivided into five 
parts, each of twelve men. The richest person of each class 
was called -^ysfioov, the chief, and the others followed in the or- 
der of their wealth. Demosthenes, therefore, says that there 
is nothing which those who, as the richest, held the first, the 
second, or the third rank, in these classes, would not have given 
him to suppress the law he had proposed, since it was made 
to bear upon the rich, and to alleviate the burdens of the poor. 

21. vnapoala ;] This word signifies, a delay in the decision 
of a question, obtained by one of the parties, under pretence of 
illness, of a necessary journey , fyc. with an oath that he would 
be present at the judgment of the case. To ask for a delay 
under any one of these pretences, and to bind one's self by 
such an oath was called vnoiiwa&ai. 

124 28. xQicov nlolcav v.cu VTcrjQSTiy.ov] Three vessels and a boat. 
The word vji^qetlxov, comes from vno, under, and igsTioi), I row ; 
that is to say, a vessel which is rowed beloio another, whence 

35 



274 NOTES. 

the word vTtrjQsrrjg has also come to signify servant. These 124 
same small vessels had also several other names, oxacpou, X16vq- 
vai, xeXyjeg, ataxia, yavXoi, Xe[i6oi, xdguBoi' from the last of 
which is derived the modern word xagd6v, vessel, in general. 
They were also called icpoXxia, from the verb i'Xxw, I drag, 
for they were fastened by cables to the larger vessels which 
thus drew them in tow. 

2. i&dXsiv,'] This word is by many critics rejected as redun- 125 
dant, and in truth it appears so by the obscurity which it pro- 
duces when placed after noieiv, as it commonly is ; but as I 
have transposed it, it is neither redundant nor obscure, for the 
sense is : Do you think it is little, that the rich would be willing 
to spend, in order to escape doing ivhat is just ? 

9. sx iv Msvvx'lu Exad-t'CeTo,] No one has seated himself at 
Munychium, that is, no one has taken refuge as a supliant in 
the temple of Diana at Munychium. This was a port of Attica, 
where was a celebrated temple consecrated to this goddess, 
which was an asylum to all those prosecuted for debt. The ora- 
tor says seated himself, because that was the posture of the 
suppliants. 

10. anoGToXkwv] The Athenians gave the name of dnogoXug 
to the officers who took charge of the naval forces, and held 
them in readiness for a sudden expedition. The word might 
perhaps now be translated commissioners of the navy depart- 
ment. 

22. agxovTtav] See the note on agxovrog, p. 201. 126 

9. "On ds xavSt hwg e%u, xvX\ I have made this transposition, 127 
preferring it to the common reading on 8" omw Tama e/sl, xul. 
Some manuscripts omit the two last words, and Reiske encloses 
them between brackets. 

12. Nav(jizXr t g, x. t. X.] Nausicles and Diotimus, Athenian 
generals, who are known only by what Demosthenes says of 
them. iEschines in his speech mentions a Charidemus ; he 
may be the same as the one here alluded to (see p. 28, 1. 17, 
and the note.) Demosthenes, in his oration on the False Em- 
bassy, speaks of Neoptolemus, a famous comedian, employed 
on public business. The one here mentioned cannot be the 



DEMOSTHENES. 275 

127 same, for in his oration on the Peace, he expressly declares 
that Neoptolemus the comedian had gone with all his fortune 
to Macedonia. 

20. fj.oi] This word appears to me better when placed before 
xa yiiylopazu, than after it, as it commonly is. 

30. (Piakwvog,] This Phialon is known to us only by this 
passage of the decree. 

1 28 8. iv xfi enl xov n. p.] In the battle near the river. We do 
not know what battle nor what river is here alluded to ; it may 
be, however, some river near Salamis, a town of Cyprus where 
the Athenians made this expedition, of which we have no 
account. Possibly, notwithstanding many objections may be 
made, it refers to what Thucydides relates, Lib. I. 112, 
TiXsvaavisg vtieq 2alayj-vog xrig iv Kvngoi, (PoIvi^l xal Kvngloig 
xal Klki^iv ivav^ittx^oav nal ens'Co^nxxrjoav. 

21. vTisv&vvog] This word is commonly placed after ensdwxa, 
but I have preferred to transpose it thus. 

24. ol Xoyioxal,] See Notes, p. 7. 1. 30. 

31. IIvavEipiwvog] The month of January. So called be- 
cause during this month were celebrated the festivals of Apollo, 
called Hvaviipicc, from nvuva, beans, and I'ipeLV, to boil, as if we 
should say, festival of boiled beans, for these were the offering 
made to the god. As I have already given a short account of 
the Attic months, which are all mentioned in these speeches 
except that of Hoosidewv, I shall take this opportunity of saying 
that this corresponds to our February, and is so called because 
it was sacred to Neptune, whose name in Greek, is nooudwv. 

129 8« d-zwQMolg] understood xqwmow, the money for the theatres, 
or the funds for the poor, to enable them to attend at the thea- 
tres. (See p. 99, 1. 3, and p. 107, 1. 26.) Wolfius, however, 
supposes it to be masculine, and to signifiy those who receive 
theatre money, that is, the poor. 

130 13. avayogevsaS-otL /] I have followed my own judgment in 
preferring the infinitive with the interrogation, instead of the 
common avayoQsvhw, with the interrogation after axecpavol, 
which is also written oTEcpavojoi]xai. 



276 NOTES. 

15. iXXsSogl&ig] to have recourse to hellebore, a plant em- 130 
ployed as a remedy for a disordered brain. Anticyra, an island 

in the Propontis, owed its celebrity to the quantity of hellebore 
which it produced. 

16. ddiM]fiaxog ovdsvog,] Reiske adds Xu6uv ii^icoqlav. Gail, 
thinking that he is not authorized to make this addition, says 
it would be better to understand ovxog, with admruiaxog, and to 
regard these two words as a genitive absolute. I see no reason 
why we should not construe adixruiajog ttdsvog with dlnrj, and say 
8ly.i]v adixijtiazog, as well as 81kt\v ydovov, dlarjv fiXu.6riQ, dinrjv 
xXonr\g. 

20. tw drjfioTww,] See p. 58, paragraph dlpai, x. t. X. 

25. wqTtsg «| ap&£figj\ As if from the wagon; a proverbial 
expression signifying, you say indiscriminately whatever comes 
into your head. There are several opinions as to the origin of 
this expression, but it is very probably derived from the an- 
cient comedies, which carried freedom of speech to such a de- 
gree as to attack not only the most respectable men, but the 
gods themselves ; as the actors, with a wagon for their stage, 
insulted all those who passed, the proverb might naturally be 
taken from this custom. ^ 

27. Xoidoglav Y.axr\yoqlag\ Invective is very different from 
accusation. Demosthenes here points out the different cir- 
cumstances which characterize each of them. Cicero, who 
followed the Greek orator as his model, thus expresses him- 
self in a similar case, in his speech Pro M. Ccelio. " Invec- 
tive is one thing, accusation another. Accusation must have 
some crime for its object ; it requires that we should well 
establish the state of the question, that we should designate in 
an unequivocal manner the person accused ; that we should 
prove by reasons, and confirm by witnesses. But invective has 
for its sole object to wound the feelings. If it is violent, it is 
called outrage ; if it is gay and witty, it is called pleasantry." 

3. ano twv idlav,] From your private occupations. The 131 
sense is better than that which is furnished by the reading 
anb twv Idlojv kvcxgov. 



DEMOSTHENES. 277 

131 15. ngodsa^ila,] an appointed day. When the judges gave 
their sentence on private disputes, they appointed a day on 
which it was to be carried into execution, and which was called 
7TQo&sa(xia, or twxtij, or xvgla, the word %[iequ being understood. 
The careless pleaders who suffered that day to pass without 
conforming to their duty, were called vmgrjfiEgoi rrjg ngo&EGfjtl- 
ag ' as if we should say bad pay-masters, who are in arrears, 
who vmit too long before paying. Sometimes the party which 
gained the cause, gave up something of its rights, granted a 
delay, and prolonged by favor the prescribed term. This was 
called ava6dXXso&aL xr\v imegrjfisglav. On the contrary vnEgrjfiE- 
glav ngd^at, {mEgr][iEglav ElgngdxxEiv, was to exact payment with- 
out mercy at the appointed time. There were great penalties 
against debtors who remained long in arrears. The scholiast 
on Aristophanes asserts that they were condemned to pay four 
times the amount of the debt. He adds that if they did not 
pay in money, they paid in flesh and bones, as it depended upon 
their creditors to keep them in prison and in irons. Thence it 
became common among the Greeks to call prisoners for debt 
iyxaXooxsXEig, fettered, or bound. 

29. Alay.bg, v.. t. X.] For if the accusers were JEacus, or Rha- 
damanthus, or Minos. These three kings were so famous for 
their justice and integrity during their lives, that mytholo- 
gy has made them the judges of the lower regions, after 
death. iEacus judged the Europeans, Rhadamanthus the 
Asiatics, and Minos discussed doubtful points with them, 
and decided as president. c Puda(xdv&vog v.giaig, a sentence of 
Rhadamanthus, became a proverb to signify the uncorrupt 

justice of a sentence. 

30. onzgix., Tisgli. ay.,] The first of these words has not here 
the same signification as it has in the Birds of Aristophanes 
579, according to its etymology from enigma, seed, and Xiyw, I 
collect. It has rather the sense of anslgcav Xoyovg, a sower of 
words, and means here a babbler. The second expression 
TzsgkgifAfxa ayogag, signifies broken to the tricks of the bar, or 
one ivho has passed his life in learning all the arts of chicane, 
TsigiUjiivog negl xt]v ayogav. It is in this sense that Aristophanes 
in his Clouds, 446, employs neglig^a dixojv. 



278 NOTES. 

7. diuyvcoaig twv toiovtwv ,•] I have thus corrected, instead of 1 32 
the common reading % p} tolovtcov, xlg didyvcaoig ; or, as others 
have it, 7] x&.Xwv, nr\ ^ tolovtcov, xtX. 

18. %olnxag naxuag] large chains. Elmhv dovXsveiv ainov, 
%a knofisva xolg cpavXoig twv dovXaw inrjyays, Tag nidag Xsycov ' 
tovto yag xaXsl %oiviy.ag, to OTgoyyvXov drjXoiv. 

19. Zvlov ;] ivooden stocks, in which the feet of the slaves 
were put, to prevent them from running away. 

20. iv tw ylioiw, x. t. X.] In the house of ill-fame situated 
near the hero Catamites, that is, near the chapel of the hero Cal- 
amites ; since we very frequently say at the present day ^p slg 
tov ayiov Fsagyiov, meaning, / have been at St. George's 
Church, fyc. Thus there is no need of correcting the text as 
some critics propose iv rcS xXloIm ngog tw tov KaXa^ikov ?/^jw. 
Nothing is known about this hero Calamites. 

22. dl-s&geijje as ;] Some critics add after this word : aXld ndv- 
Tsg I'oaoL Tama, v,av iyd) firj Xiyca. 

29. Ovds yag, (hv eTv^sv, tjv,] Some translators thus interpret 
this passage : for he was not one of those among whom fortune 
has since placed him. Although this is the literal sense, and 
the 'Oips yag, which follows, appears somewhat to favor this in- 
terpretation, I agree with those who give it the sense of ov twv 
tv%6vtg)v i)v ' as we still say at the present day, dev rpov dnb Toiig 
Tv%6vTag, he was no ordinary man, ironically here employed ; 
and this figure of rhetoric is called, nag vnovoiav, saying some- 
thing very different from what the audience expect. 

30. x&sg — xal Tcgcpqv,] Of yesterday and the day before. 
A sort of proverbial expression to signify something very re- 
cent, something of very late date, and very frequently employ- 
ed by some authors, as well as vvv v.al x&k> in the same sense. 

3. Epnovoav] A spectre said to take all forms, which the 1 33 
people believed in and were foolishly afraid of. It was in form- 
er times what the ftgvxoXaxxog, vampire, is now in Greece. 

14. anoxjj^cpiod'ivTa *Avt.] The word aTcoipiicpl&G&ca, which 
commonly means to be acquitted, in a census of the citizens, 
which was called diaipi'jcpioig, signifies to be rejected from the 
list, and is nearly synonymous with the word unodoai^so&ai. 



DEMOSTHENES. 279 

1 33 As to Antiphon, it appears that, while the census was making 
as usual, he had artfully contrived to have his name written 
down. This interpolation being discovered, his name was cross- 
ed out, and he was rejected. His mortification was so great 
that he went over to Philip, to whom he had promised that he 
would burn all the navy-yards of Attica. 

21. avsv iprjcpiGfiocTog,] The opinions of critics are divided as 
to whether these two words relate to acpe&rjvcu, or to in oixlag 
§adiC,(xiv. As for me, I should prefer to make it relate to the 
latter. 

22. 'Agslov nu/ov] See Notes, p. 9. 1. 11. 

26. diadvg,] This ingenious expression would properly be 
used of an animal which burrows in the earth, and in general, 
of any one who as it were, sinks into the earth, to avoid 
pursuit. 

31. avvdixov, x. r. X.] Orator of the republic (before the 
Amphictyons) to defend your rights in the temple of Delos. 
The word ovvdixog signified in general an orator who with an 
associate undertook to defend the same cause. It was said of 
the one who spoke first and opened the debate, that he ngcaioXo- 
yel, and this sort of precedence was called ngcoToXG/la. It was 
said of the second, that he devregoXoyel, and this subordinate part 
was called dsvTsgoXoyla. The word ovvdixog had also a more 
peculiar meaning ; for it was used of an orator chosen and 
deputed to support the prerogatives of a town or of a whole 
nation, and to be the defender of the law of nations. Thus 
we read in Plutarch that the Athenians elected Aristides for 
their syndic, and charged him to plead, in the name of their 
citizens, the cause of all Greece. Demosthenes tells us in 
his speech against Leptinus that there was a law expressly 
forbidding that the same person should be twice chosen syndic, 
lest this office which was first instituted for the public utility, 
should insensibly be turned to the advantage of individuals. The 
moderns have borrowed from the ancients the term syndic, 
but in another sense, meaning one elected to superintend the 
affairs of a community, or of a body of which he is a member ; 
thus the four syndics in the government of Geneva, are, to a 



280 NOTES. 

certain extent, what the President is in the United States, 133 
or rather what the Governor is in each state of the Union. 

4. 'TTtsgldrjv — ngogha^s •] Some editors write the dative ; the 1 34 
accusative, however, is entirely in conformity with the modern 
dialect. Hyperides was one of the ten celebrated Athenian ora- 
tors. He was remarkable for the softness and delicacy of his 
style; he was always an opposer of Alexander (see Proleg. p. ?J.) 
Antipater, one of Alexander's successors, obliged the Atheni- 
ans to banish him from their city, pursued him in exile, and 
finally caused his death. 

5. anh 7ov (3oj[jiov — %r\v ipriyov] And that ',' 'when each one had 
taken from the altar the sign of his vote ; that is, the ball or 
mark which they used to declare their votes. They took them 
from the altar only in questions concerning religion. 

10. vtieq andvxwv] In the name of in the place of all (the 
Areopagites). 

21. ofioiov ys (ov ydg ,-) oig] similar (is it not ?) to the 
things of which he accuses me. The expression is ironical. 
The ov ydg ; has the sense of ova dga, and o^lolov oig is equiva- 
lent tO 0(.WLOV TOVTOIQ CC €[l&. 

23. nv&cova] Python of Byzantium, a great orator, had 
obtained the rights of citizenship at Athens, and had after- 
wards embraced the part of Philip. He had a lively and per- 
suasive eloquence, which it was difficult to resist. He was of 
great service to Philip on several occasions, but he found in 
Demosthenes a man fully able to answer him, and who soon 
could call back the minds of the audience which he had led 
away. 

20. nolld y eyw] I have added the y instead of av which ] 35 
some write, while others omit it altogether. 

23. nag v[uv] Taylor proposes nag v^iav, but the dative 
appears to me preferable. 

1. opavsgwg] This word is by some editors construed with 136 
nolsfislv, and then the place of the comma is changed ; by 
others with ovvaywvi&ad-ai, whom I have followed in my text. 

6. av&goonog,] Markland prefers o avS-ganog. It does not 
appear to me, however, that the want of the article in that 



DEMOSTHENES. 281 

136 case renders the phrase defective. He says a man (Philip), 
without saying definitely the man. It is as if we were to 
say a march was made upon Attica, in an indefinite manner, 
and the hearers, who were well acquainted with the affairs of 
the time, knew very well what was meant. There is a parallel 
case in the third Olynthiac, where we find this passage : ovx 
wiavza fxsv rjfttov t« xkigia ngosllijcpev uv&Qianog. 

9. lafiSsioygdcpog] I should translate this word, defamer, and for 
this reason ; the Greek word literally means an author of Iambic 
verses, or an author of satires, for the Iambic measure was 
formerly employed in sarcastic and libellous pieces, either be- 
cause it was better adapted than any other to works of this sort, 
or because it was brought into fashion by Archilochus, who 
had so much skill and point in his satires, that those whom he 
attacked became furious, and hung themselves in rage and de- 
spair. iEschines is not known to have been an author of Iam- 
bics or of satires, but as they were used to throw ridicule upon 
people and to defame them, it is very probable that this word 
was employed to designate a calumniator, who seeks to attack 
by sarcasm the honor of others. There are some critics, how- 
ever, who think it must be ia[i6ocpdyog, eater of Iambics, on %a 
iafi6sla rrjg Tgaymdlag sksysv, VTtoytoixijg mv. Taylor. 

12. inl tw ifiM vdan.] Let him show it at the expense of my 
water, that is while the water which limits the time of my speech 
is flowing. To understand this expression we must call 
to mind that every orator was limited as to the time of his 
speech, by a water clock called aXsipvdgcc, that is, a machine 
whence water flows by stealth, because at the bottom of the vessel 
there was a small hole, through which the water fell slowly. 
The word is composed of jdeniw, I steal, and vdoog, water. 
Reiske prefers sv tw ifi. vd. I do not agree with him, and inl 
here appears to me far better. 

31. naTQojog] Paternal Apollo, or Apollo to whom the re- 
public owes its origin. The Athenians honored Jupiter and 
Apollo under the particular title of &sol tkxtqmol. The scholiast 
on Aristophanes, Clouds, v. 1458, gives this reason. The 
Athenians called Jupiter naiguog, because after having been 
36 



282 NOTES. 

brought up in Arcadia, or as others say, in Crete, he came 1 36 
and settled in Athens. They gave the same name to Apol- 
lo, because he married Creusa, daughter of king Erechtheus, 
who bore him a son, Ion. Anolloiv ds on °Egs%&s(x)g dvyaxega 
syrjfis ty\v Kgsovoav, i£ ^g ylvszai 6 "icav. Meursius thinks that 
this part of the passage is a corruption, and that we ought to 
restore the word Sovd-og, which has been omitted by the care- 
lessness of some transcriber, and thus read ots Zov&og 'Egs- 
X&sug, %. t. I. What induces Meursius to make this correction 
is, that a number of ancient witnesses prove that it was Xuthus 
and not Apollo, who was the husband of Creusa, and the father 
of Ion. Apollodorus, among others, after saying that Erech- 
theus had three daughters, tells us in express terms who their 
husbands were. X&ovlav fisv syi]fis BovTrjg, Kgsovoav 8s £ov&og, 
Jlgoxgtv 8s Kscpalog, Butes married Chthonia ; Xuthus Creusa ; 
and Cephalus, Procris. In fact, the scholiast whom we 
have mentioned, positively asserts a little while after,' that Ju- 
piter and Apollo were called nargMoi, because the Athenians 
were the first to receive them, and to honor them by sacrifices. 
Ovtoj Ti^iajai nag 'A&yvodoig Zsvg naigcoog zal 'Anolleov, dtoc to 
ngwiovg vnodilaad-ai ra -freco slg tt\v %ojgav, xal dvolag ovvrslsaav 
aaxa cpgrjigag, xca 8rj[X8g, not ovyysvslag, povovg 'jEXXrfvwv. Thus, 
independently of historical proofs, this second passage of 
the scholiast would be enough to show that the first needs cor- 
rection. It may be observed that the Athenians had not only 
paternal deities, if we may so call them, but maternal also, that 
is, those from whom they thought they descended through a 
female line. This is evident from this passage of Xenophon, 
Ilgog &sojv najgcocov, ual [xyTgcpav, — navoaa&s afiagxdvovTsg slg 
Tfjv naxgida' (Hist. Grsec. Lib. II. c. 4.) 

17. og\ Reiske prefers o v.a\ dnavx dvsxgsxps xa xwv c Elh]vo)v 1«j7 
ngdy\iaxa. 

18. o ovyxaxaoxsvaoag,] This signifies one who, by his intrigues 
and secret machinations concerted with Philip, has excited war. 
The same expression is used I. 27; see also p. 142, 1. 11, ovy,- 
■Magaoasvdoag. 



DEMOSTHENES. 283 

137 21. aysig,] Reiske prefers slgaysig. But besides the pleo- 
nasm which I find in the preposition slg ti]v ''At. slgaysig, a 
similar expression found in the modern Greek with the synony- 
mous verb cpigo), (as we say I'cpsgs tov noXsfiov slg Tip TaXXlav, he 
has brought war into France,) makes me prefer the other read- 
ing, which has also the authority of the oldest editions. 

22. ol (isv ix TragaxXijoscog ovyxaS:] Those who, at his own 
invitation, were seated near him ; those who had been brought 
forward to assist him, and icho were seated near him. 

24. v.svr\v ahlav] vain, futile, or groundless accusation. 

30. laroglav] In one manuscript it is written ocovrjglav. 

31. S-edaaa&e.] Some editors write SsaoEa&s, on account 
of the preceding oipsa&s, (ayshjosods. 

138 18. t« fxsv — , t« 5s] for Tovg (ihv and xovg ds, to deceive some, 
to persuade others. 

20. nsgl t>)v JJvX. Tv.qa.yjp *] Gail says rj IlvXala xagayr], disturb- 
ance in the assembly at Thermopyla, and afterwards adds, that 
rj Uvlala alone, an adjective used elliptically as a substantive, 
signifies also the assembly of the Amphictyons at Thermopylae, 
(p. 140, 1. 26.) By this it appears that he here takes nvXalav 
Tagayi)v, as an adjective with its substantive ; but I do not see 
how he construes the sentence, or to what he makes nsgl ti)v 
nvlalav Tagayrjv relate, for it cannot be to noXspov noiTJaai, 
which would make the most ridiculous sense, or rather, non- 
sense. He seems to me, therefore, to have been mistaken, the 
construction being as follows : noir^ai noXsjiov Tolg A/xcpiy.Tvoai, 
xal Tagayrjv nsgl tt)v HvXalav, to excite war against the Am- 
phictyons, and disturbance in their assembly. We thus see 
that the case is the same here as elsewhere, and that Tr t v Uv- 
Xaiav is an adjective used as a substantive, the word ovvodov 
being understood. 

139 2. to TTJg TToXsojg a&cofia Xa6(ov,~] Having obtained this dignity 
of the state. The expression is exactly the same in our days, 
a&apa signifying honorable appointment, dignity, office. 

4. insgaivEv] He proceeded to accomplish what he had 
been hired for. iTEgalvoj from nsgag, end, as if it were, he was 
reaching the end, 8pc. 



284 NOTES. 

13. nQogxaUoaad-ai] to summon. 1 39 

15. xlg ovv iali]T. — ugx^g i\ Who then made the adjournment ? 
From what tribunal or by what magistrate was the adjournment 
made ? because ano noiag ag/ijg is for xlvog ag/ovrog or zlva 
ag/J]v agx® v ' This passage proves two things ; first, that in 
ancient times no one could accuse another without having first 
summoned him ; secondly, that to summon him, the authority of 
a magistrate was necessary. Khpzvuv is the proper word for 
to summon before a tribunal., to call upon a person to come 
forward. Kbjxojg or nb}xrjg was the name given to him who sum- 
moned another , says Ulpian. This he could do in two ways 
either ex officio, as sheriff, or as a witness on the part of the 
principal accuser. Hence in law cases y.b]xi]g and (mxqxvq are 
sometimes equivalent terms. Klyxiigu ?/ pagivgu, says the same 
scholiast, tout eoxlv ug to dixaoxygiov xalovvxa vnygsxyv. Some- 
times a man was summoned by the accuser's laying hands on 
him and dragging him by force to the tribunal. Thus we 
read in Lucian, that the plaintiff said to his adversary, tnov poi 
(iiage slg to diy.aoirigiov, follow me, you villain, to the tribunal, 
to which the other answered ^ uyxov pe, do not strangle me. 

23. 7i6ls[iog — iTttgdx&T},] war was excited, or kindled. Some 
read ingax&rj. 

27. rjysfiova riyov\ for tj/sfiorlocv avrjyov, offered the command. 

3. nageX&wv wg enl %y\v K.] having set out as if going to \ 40 
Cirrhcaa. The wg here expresses deceit, dissimulation. 

4. iggmad-au ygaaag noXXa\ having said a long adieu, lit- 
erally for having got fauly rid of, or more simply, leaving. 
This expression is very common in Demosthenes, as in 
his speech against Midias, noXXu sggwd-ai, unwv xdlg vo^ioig 
Y.al vfiv, after having bid a long adieu to your laws and to you. 

6. sv&vg] After this word by some editors is added wg xsx sl- 
dov oi O. But we must confess that all these additions render 
the style much less harmonious and flowing, and at the same 
time take from its force and spirit. As it is by frequent read- 
ing and declamation that I have determined my choice among 
various readings, or have made corrections of my own, I have 
been unwilling to adopt these additions, which have, indeed, 



DEMOSTHENES. 285 

1 40 the authority of some manuscripts in their favor, but which 
are inferior to what we find in the old editions. My opin- 
ion is, that transcribers of limited minds have attempted to in- 
sert in the text what would naturally be understood, in making 
out the sense, and have thus introduced feebleness in the 
text, where there was formerly energy. The truth of this re- 
mark will easily be perceived by instituting a comparison. 

8. Nvv ds tots] Now, then. This expression is remark- 
able inasmuch as vvv which is commonly used for the present 
time, and signifies now, may also be used for the past time 
when joined with tote then. Gail, however, says ; " perhaps, 
for I dare not determine, we ought to say that on account of 
the idea of the past which precedes, the vvv ds is here used ad- 
versatively, tvavTio3iiaTiy.bg, and may be translated, but in truth." 
18. Tcav^AfupLXTvovajv,] After this word some add xal t« xoivw tcov 
°Aji(pixTv6vo)v, perhaps because it is in the following decree, 1. 28. 
This does not seem to me a sufficient reason to authorize the 
addition ; and we ought also to remark that the second decree 
is much more important than the first, which makes me believe 
that one was passed in a ovvsdgiov and the other in an iaxXfjala. 
(See Notes, p. 43, 1. 9.) 

30. fioGMinaTa ve^ovoi '] Here is another expression, cor- 
rected, probably, because it differs from that 1. 20 ; as if the 
Greek language were too poor to admit of variations. This 
expression is moreover similar to that in modern Greek, 
(jogxovv £w«, they pasture cattle. 

141 2. xal tov GTQUTTjyov] Some critics omit the %al making the 
word ggaTriybv relate, not to TSTgavpaTixaoh but to ngso6svaai>. 
This is contrary to the common text, nor does it seem probable 
that the Amphictyons would have sent their own chief to the 
king of Macedonia. 

7. dioTt] for oti. Wolfius. 

26. Totg diiiAiovgyoig] To the magistrates ; toiq agxovow ij 
drjfj,ayo)/dtg. Wolfius. 

28. J 0&la h ] See Notes, p. 39, 1. 20. 

1 42 2. ovvavTaTs] Lambinus inserts poi on his own authority. I 
do not think it necessary in the text which I have followed, as 
the r\iuv,\. 6. is sufficient for the sense. 



286 NOTES. 

6. Toig 8s ^fiiv, a. x. L] Those who shall have come to meet us 1 42 
with their ivhole strength, we will consult ; those, on the other 
hand, ivlw shall not have joined us, we will punish. This pas- 
sage in the text is entirely corrupted. It stands thus : Tdlg 8s 

y,rj ovvaVTrjaaab nuvdypsl xgrjGOfiE&u ' xolg 8s ov[i6ovloig r^uv firj 
xsiixivoig, ini'£r][iloig. It is impossible to make any sense out of 
these words. I have followed the correction of Scrimger 
which is a good one, and generally approved. 

20. c O yocg to ansqiia — xwv qjvvxcjv] For he who has plant- 
ed the seed is the cause of the evils which spring from it. 
(See Notes, p. 95, 1. 28.) This figure has something great 
and noble, and has been imitated by Cicero, who says to 
Mark Antony (2 Phil.) " As, therefore^ the seed encloses the 
germ of trees and plants ; thus you, the sole seed of this fatal 
war, are the cause of all the calamities which follow it.'''' 

23. nolv xi oxoTog,] Thick darkness conceals the truth from 
you. The Greek expression is lively and energetic. 

28. ax.ovouix£~\ It is also written omovgets and axovoaxe. 

2. ngaxxovxcov] One manuscript has cpgovovvxwv. *43 

31. fiovlrjg — yvcofiy'] Understood avrjvsx&i] ng6g x6v dfyov. R. 

7. avxbv] After this word is added xijgvxct %al, probably be- * ^ 
cause it is found in the following decree, 1. 23 ; but it has not per- 
haps been observed that in one the name of the herald is given, 

1. 28, and that in the other there are only the names of the 
ambassadors ; which is a reason clearly against the addition. 

16. Movvv/Luvog] The month of June. It was so called on 
account of the Movvv/ta a festival in honor of Munychian 
Diana, celebrated during this month. (See Notes, p. 125, 1. 9.) 

17. nols^iag/ov yvca^] '] by the direction of the Polemarch. 
This officer, when with the army, took precedence of the other 
generals, and acted as generalissimo. (See Notes, p. 11, 1. 2.) 

26. Kal yccg vvv — psxglcov.] For thus far it (o drjfxog) 
has never thought it just to give assistance to any one. Wolfius 
seems undecided whether ov xixgws relates to Philip, or to the 
Athenian people, and some translators prefer the former : but 
with the latter, the sense is much more natural and connected. 



DEMOSTHENES. 287 

145 7. iq> vfuv — algsaiv,] To submit their opinion, or judgment, 
or will, to yours. 

9. g| vnoaTgoq)^]?] changing your road, or abandoning your 
enterprise, to commence another ; from vno under, and oTgiyco 
I turn, as if it were, turning bach upon your steps. 

21. llvv&ccvofiai — nagaxalov{isvoig.] I hear, nevertheless, 
that the Athenians are doing every thing to excite you, wishing 
you to follow their exhortations. 

24. v/itov xaTsylyvcoaxov,] I formed an opinion against you. 
I blamed you. I condemned you. We must here observe 
the relation between xaTsylyvcooxov v/xcov, with the following 
imyvovg v/j.ag, as if it were, at first I did not know you, but 
now having recognised you. 

146 6. 'Ekxxuav] See Notes, p. 49, 1. 1. 

11. eg Ttsg nyvrdveig,] ig is a correction of my own, instead of 
the common reading cog. As to the Prytanes, see Notes, p. 3, 
1. 3. As an allusion is here made to the report of the taking 
of Elatea, which reached the Prytanes while they were at table, 
we must here call to mind that these magistrates were entitled 
to take their meals at the Prytaneum or state-house, the expense 
of which was defrayed by a special fund. These meals, howev- 
er, were very simple and frugal, either in order that they might 
by their example recommend temperance to their fellow citi- 
zens, or that in case of any sudden emergency, they might be 
able to take, without delay, all necessary measures. 

28. jjjg xoivijg] Reiske prefers xjj xoivfi r-rjg naiqldog cpcovy. 

1 47 5. oi TQiaxooioL *] The three hundred richest citizens were 
obliged to contribute much more largely than the others to the 
public treasury, but they likewise enjoyed much greater dis- 
tinction. 

20. irjv — Tu$iv] The post, a military term which Demos- 
thenes purposely employs in several parts of his speech, as if to 
show that though he might, as a warrior, have left his post at 
the battle of Chaeronea, he had never abandoned it as a min- 
ister at the head of affairs. 

30. °_EXaTela] After this word some critics add vvv. 

148 21. Tl ovv tprjpl duv;] It is also written Tl ovv q>ripi; del n. 



288 NOTES. 

25. 6 xlvdvvog •] After this word is sometimes added iglv ^wV 1 48 
6. xgrjaaad-aL] In this verb, as well as in those which fol- 1 49 
low, I have preferred the infinitive mood to the common xqy\- 
{jsoSs — dsla&e — enayydlaa&E. 

20. 8K, eJjiov fih Tama, v.. x. l.~\ After vx, and each sds, with a 
comma, we must understand %gw on, and the sense is : it is not 
the fact, that I have said these things, ivithout moving decrees 
concerning them ; neither, that I have moved decrees concerning 
them, without taking the embassy upon me ; neither, that I have 
taken the embassy upon me, without persuading the Thebans. 
In this passage there is an instance of what is called in 
rhetoric climax, of great beauty and almost beyond imitation. 
Cicero, in his fourth book to Herennius, says that climax is a 
figure by which we ascend from one word to another, in such 
a manner that the sense grows stronger and stronger. As in 
this sentence : WJiat hope of liberty remains to us, if these 
audacious men can do what they will, if they dare what they 
can, if they do what they dare, and if what they do, does not 
excite your indignation. 

30. Baxalov ;] Batalus, a flute-player, famous for his de- 
baucheries. His name became proverbial, and was applied 
to those who plunged into licentious and shameful pleasures. 
It was given to Demosthones in his youth, on account of his 
voluptuous inclinations, and it is to this surname that iEschi- 
nes alludes (p. 63, 1. 8,) when he says : And Aristides sur- 
named the just, a surname very different from that of Demos- 
thenes. See also the note on the Plutus of Aristophanes, 
v. 1012. 

31. KgsacpovTfjv,] A Cresphontes, or Creon, or that CEnomaus. 
These are the names of the characters in which JEschines 
played, while he was a comedian. As to the last he says, inhgt- 
yag, thou hast crushed him, because iEschines, when playing at 
Colyttus the part of (Enomaus, who pursues Pelops, very awk- 
wardly fell down. 

30. id lag,] It should be taken in the sense of avxov6(iovg. ] 5Q 
For if translated as their own, it does not make good sense. 
It has been suspected that it might be xal ov q>iUag or xal ovx 



DEMOSTHENES. 289 

150 Id lag, relating to the Athenians. Auger, however, translates it, 
of their dependence, dependent on them. 

31. o A&rjvalav drjfiog] Transposed, instead of tlaxxov uvau 
o drjpog 6 'Ad-yvaloov. 

151 7. ijgwm] See Notes, p. 4, 1. 2. 

154 6. vavxkrigov] This word signifies the owner of a vessel, 
whilst xv6eQvrJT7)Q means the pilot. 

9. twv oxsvav,] By this word we are to understand the whole 
rigging; viz. masts, yards, sails, and in short, all that belongs 
to the equipping of a vessel. 

18. xfljs pdtfig ysysvi]fiEvi]g] These words are commonly found 
after Ax%ixy\g. 

22. ivijv] Instead of this word several editions have fiiv. 
Reiske thus corrects the passage on his own authority : dg ol'- 
eo&e stl vvv av axfjvcu. 

25. av ys] It is also written ays, and Reiske, adopting this, 
also corrects, of himself, ig nsigav. 

1 55 15. 'AgLoxgaxog] Aristratus and Aristolaus had undoubtedly 
taken advantage of the defeat at Chseronea to accuse, each in 
his own town, those of the Athenian party, who were the inno- 
cent cause of this disaster. 

27. ta gir/P', xal xa undo p.,] fractures and dislocations. 
Demosthenes very ingeniously compares JEschines to the pains 
which, after a limb has been broken or sprained, are felt on the 
approach of any disease ; as if he were an evil disposition 
inherent in the body of the state, and which shows itself in 
every disease which attacks it, that is, in every public calamity. 

156 11. axovixl,'] equivalent to dvaifiaxl, and gear L 

15. si xa pev ngdyfxaxa — nsQisoxi],] If matters had come to 
the state in which they now are. 

157 3. xivdvvzvttaa] We commonly find after this word the com- 
ma which I have placed before it, where some critics place 
a xal' the sense is: but the city has continually encountered 
danger, fighting for preeminence, for honor, and for glory. 

13. Kvgolkov] Cyrsilus (called Lycidas by Herodotus, Book IX, 
§ 5.), a senator who was stoned to death, for having advised 
his fellow citizens to listen to the propositions of Mardonius. 
37 



290 NOTES. 

24. d-avuTu] The old editions entirely omit this word, which 1 57 
has been received upon the authority of some manuscripts ; it is 
placed with the article tov, after the word avuyxr] ' I have 
transposed it, and left out the article. 

12. # pa jovg iv Maga&m'i] With regard to this fine passage, 158 
see Longinus on the Sublime, § XVI. 

23. yga^fiaToxvcpcav,] for yga^^aTEvg, because ol ygafifxaTEig 
figogxsxvyoTEg ygdcpovai. It is here taken in a bad sense, and 
signifies a miserable scribe. 

30. tov] This word is added by several editors. I have re- 
tained it, but have transposed tovtojv, for the sake of euphony. 
Other editions have to tou tovtojv. 

6. uno6. a|.] Transposed by me, instead of c&w^wTa ano6U- 159 
novTag. 

7. tj] (jc/.xttjqIoc %al toj avfj.66la),] Taking the staff and the 
symbol. The first of these words is in allusion to the staff 
which the judges held in their hands in going to the tribunal. 
The second was a sort of tablet, mvaxldiov, where was written 
the name of the judge and of the tribunal. See the Scholiast 
on the Flutus of Aristophanes, v. 277. 

27. sUts,] You were going out. Here is again one of those 1 60 
words which show what an advantage it would be, if Greek 
scholars would pronounce the language as do the Greeks 
themselves. This word is commonly written e^te, as if it were 
the imperfect of the verb stp, / am. The critics saw the 
necessity of correcting it, and made it smelts, which Buttmann's 
Grammar places as an imperfect of the verb eI^ll, I go, but 
which is in fact the pluperfect middle, the imperfect of this 
verb being Its, as may be seen in the Grammar of Lascaris. 
Thus we see that so simple a thing, which has given some 
trouble to learned commentators, is merely a fault in the or- 
thography which would have been easily perceived if they had 
remembered that t\ and i are pronounced, and ever have been 
pronounced, in exactly the same manner. 

14. Tfjv inl Ts 7i. v.vX Ti)v %.] In the tico battles ivhich you fought; 161 
one near the river, the other diwing the winter. In alluding to 
these two battles, Demosthenes was sufficiently well understood 



DEMOSTHENES. 291 

1 6 1 by his hearers, but did not explain himself clearly enough for 
posterity. 

162 5. aviolg] Some correct the passage by aviovg. 

9. otl] Omitted by some editors; and the word nlavoi is 
also written nldvrj ' which evidently was caused by the similar 
pronunciation of oi and ??. 

14. KalUgqaxog] Callistratus, an Athenian orator, whose elo- 
quent speech on the town of Oropus caused Demosthenes to 
take the resolution of devoting himself to eloquence. As to 
Aristophon, Cephalus, Thrasybulus, see Notes, p. 67, 1. 20, 
22, and p. 68, 1. 5. 

26. Tigovola] Corrected on my own authority, instead of the 
common ngovoiav, which Reiske also on his own authority al- 
ters to ngovolag. 

163 17. Ugiorovixog,] See Notes, p. 116, 1. 14. 

28. avexglvsTo] Some correct it, av exqIvsto, and (cp, which 
last I have adopted instead of the common a<p. 

164 4. inl rrjg alijd-eiag,] This reading is preferable, as being 
more forcible than iii avxiqg uXrj&slag, or even than the addi- 
tion of zr t g, and the omission of ovai]g. 

1 65 23. navv — ogag ,•] For do you not see it is for that ? ironically. 

166 1- iavxocpavTEig.] This verb as well as the preceding idslxvveg, 
is frequently altered to the third person, on account of 6 (3ovXo- 
{isvog, y.tI. preceding page, I. 20. I have said so much in 
former notes, about these apparent irregularities, which ought 
to be regarded as so many beauties and elegances of style, that 
it is sufficient merely to mention the correction. 

8. 7Tgo£$Eilsy[Asva '] from ngoExXiysiv, and not ngoE^XEyfuiva, 
from ngoE^EliyxEiv, which has been very properly corrected. 
This was undoubtedly another of those mistakes in orthogra- 
phy, arising from the similar pronunciation of el and r\. 

167 !• €/w/] I have added y on my own authority. 

9. I'gojv] Some critics write vrjoav, but what follows makes 
me prefer I'ocav. 

12. diaxoolag] It was at the battle of Salamis that the Athe- 
nians had two hundred vessels, the rest of the Greeks furnish- 
ing only one hundred. 

168 11. nlvadog] See Notes, p. 58, 1. 5. 



292 NOTES. 

12. avTOTga/Lxog nld-rjxog,] A mere tragic ape. It appears that 1 68 
Demosthenes by this wished it to be understood, that iEschines 

did not succeed upon the stage, and that instead of being an 
actor himself, he aped the manner of others. 

13. aQUQoioq Oivopocog,] Rustic CEnomaus. He gives him this 
appellation, either because he played this character in the coun- 
try, or alluding to his awkward fall. (See Notes, p. 149, 1. 31.) 

13. ftetgaaripog qtjtioq.] An orator of a false stamp, of bad 
coinage ; meaning an obscure orator. Ts nov^gs xowiuTog wV. W. 

13. noliTiy.a] I really do not see why Reiske should be so de- 169 
sirous of substituting for this word ovv?'}Xiv.a. The sense is far 
from being so good as that given by nolmxa. Necessary vices, 
and inseparable from the nature of the government in all republics. 

7. jijg Tiolsag] After this word some add ftovlev6[tevog. 170 

11. avtwvriv] I have placed this word before algovfisvog, and 
6 dij^og, before exeigoTovtios ' the reverse being common. 

17. sxdorrjv] After this word Reiske adds ox&dov ti, the first 
upon authority, the second of himself. 

18. 2fx>awUovg,Y Sosicles, Philocrates, Diondas, 3Ielanus. 
History does not explain to us the causes or the effects of the 
implacable hatred and malicious attempts of these four men 
against Demosthenes. As to Philocrates, see p. 29. 

25. iyvmxoTcov] instead of the common yvovjwv. We also 
find y.al vneg twv za evogxa yvovicov dixaarmv. 

19. yyovpai.] After this word some add ym\ analdsviov. 171 
6. to 8s] It is also written t« ds. 1 72 

20. ve6gl£(av } ] from rsSglg, buckskin, and not vsvgl'Ctov, from 173 
vsvgov, nerve, as it is found in all the old editions. This 
fault arose from the similar pronunciation of i6 and sv ,• other 
faults from a similar cause have been noticed above. See my 
Modern Greek Grammar, Chapter on Pronunciation. 

21. cmopaTTtov] for unoipwv, in rubbing, or upon farther 
search, for tteqitiXuttcov, covering, besmearing, as a ceremony 
practised in commemoration of the adventure of Bacchus, 
who was plastered over with gypsum by the Titans, to prevent 
their being recognised by him. 

23. "Ecpvyov, — a^isLvov *] I fled the evil, and found the better. 
These were solemn words pronounced at the celebration of the 



DEMOSTHENES. 293 

1 73 ceremonies here mentioned, in allusion to the ancient manner 
of living in Attica, when the inhabitants fed upon acorns, and 
to their modern delacacies which resulted from their progress 
in civilization. 

27. d-iaoovg] from dsTa, and aoac, to sing divine things, and 
it is used to signify the crowds which met to celebrate the fes- 
tivals of Bacchus. 

28. [lugd&gcrt — Isvx)],] Crowned with fennel and white poplar. 

29. xttg nagslag] °0 nagslag,& sort of serpent called so, nagd 
xo inrigd-ai xdg nagslag, from having swollen cheeks. It is said 
not to bite, or its bite to be harmless. It was used in the cere- 
monies of Bacchus, to excite the wonder of the people. 

30. Evol 2a6oi,] The first of these words is composed of 
sv, well, and ol, to him. The second is a Phrygian word, and 
means the priests of Bacchus. Ol (xkv 2a6ovg Xiyovoi xovg xe- 
Xovfisvovg xw Za6aC,lo}, xovx san, tw /Jlovvoo). Harpocr. 

31. c 'Tt]g "Axirjg,] Two epithets applied to Bacchus. The 
first signifying rainy, oxl vow 6 Ssog inl xr\v yivvr\Giv avxv ' be- 
cause at his birth Jupiter watered the earth with rain. With re- 
gard to the second there are various opinions ; that which Tour- 
reil prefers is, that it comes from uti\, injury, dnb xr t g ysvo^h'r\g 
ex xwv Tixdvcov elg avxov dxrjg xal cp&ogdg ' might it not, however, 
be derived from dxxco, I leap, as if making his adorers leap ? 

174 1. jiixxoy., Xixvoy.,] Ivy -bearer, van-bearer, words which re- 
mind us that the ivy and the van were sacred to Bacchus. 

3. Iv&gvnxa v.al ggenxovg y.al vsi]Xaxa '] Three different kinds 
of pastry. The first comes from iv&gvnxa, I crumb, because it 
was made elg oxdcprjv agxovg dia&gvipavxeg. The second, from 
axgscpoj, I turn, and we understand agxovg ' as we understand 
aXcpixa, at the word vsyXaxa, which comes from viog, new, dim 
I grind, as if we said, cakes of meal newly ground. 

8. xolg agytdioig.] Tdlg eXaxxooc xutv agyovxav. Wolfius. 

12. ftagvoxovoig] Pathetic, from /3agvg, heavy, and givta, I sigh. 

15. iXalag] Reiske writes iXdag, and makes a distinction 
between iXala, olive tree, and iXda, olive. But even if iXda does 
signify olive, it does not prevent IXala from having the meaning 
both of olive and olive tree, since it is still used in this double 



294 NOTES. 

acceptation among us. I therefore retain ilalag, for which there 174 
are also all the best authorities. 

11. D £|£7r. — iavgiTTov.] You were falling (see Notes, p. 149, 175 
1. 31,) and I was hissing. We see by this passage that the prac- 
tice of hissing at public representations, is not of modern origin. 

21. Xeitvq.] The testimony of the public offices which I have held. 

23. ilv(ialvov *] It is also written iXv^vca. Of the two lines 
here quoted, the first is from the Hecuba of Euripides ; the 
second, from the Antigone of Sophocles. It is probable that 
they are not taken indiscriminately from among the parts play- 
ed by iEschines, as a comedian, but that Demosthenes singled 
them out with some malice. 

2. iyoj.] Reis. adds this word, which gives more clearness. 176 

25. vo^ilfioig] R. prefers vo^ioig, and corrects di(agixsvai. 177 

26. diayt£l{isvov] It is also written diaxslfisva. 1 78 
4. tz&gag, xal (jd.J Reiske corrects l%&gag svsxa, (p., without 179 

the slightest authority, and merely for the pleasure of correct- 
ing ; for if the text thus altered, is good, unaltered, it is no less 
so. This is not an uncommon fault in this great Hellenist 
and critic, who has made magnificent discoveries in his philo- 
logical researches, but who frequently errs, through his fond- 
ness for adding. 

18. avTijg] understood ayxvgag ' He is not held by the same 
anchor as the people ; that is, he does not look to the same things 
as the people for his safety. 

22. 7igza6£VT7}g~\ You were going as ambassador. After the 
battle of Chseronea, the Athenians fearing the power and the 
anger of the conqueror, sent him an embassy to beg for peace. 
It is probable that they sent those whom they knew to be his 
friends, and iEschines was of the number. 

28. xaTagaiat] After this word some add y,a$ Exagr\v ixxXqolav. 

30. to] I have added this word, and have put in the infin- 
itive the words which are commonly written cpgovsi xal liyei. 
Some editions have ?J u pj xama. xal cpgovu xal Xiyei, and oth- 
ers eI pj Tama a cpgovsl xal Xsysi. 

7. svsita] commonly put after idlag, but I have transposed it. 180 

15. Inl xw] A transposition, likewise on my own authority ; 
the text is commonly ml tm to. tovtojvI ov^y. dbacpS-dgEiv, 



DEMOSTHENES. 2% 

180 16. avxolg"] Reiske substitutes for this word avxog ov.vxov, 
the first on authority, the second, of his own accord. 

25. Jripadrjv,] Demades, a celebrated Athenian orator, who 
was taken prisoner at the battle of Chaeronea. His vivacity 
and his frankness having gained him the friendship of Philip, 
he took advantage of it to engage him to make peace with the 
Athenians. He met with a most miserable end. Cassander, 
son of Antipater, having intercepted a secret letter written 
against his father, slew the son of Demades before his eyes, and 
killed the unhappy man himself, upon the lifeless body of his son. 

181 3. sv&f}vovvrav\ While things were prosperous. It is also 
written evSsvsvxav. 

14. iXd-ovxag] It is also written iX&ovxa and vnoY.qivo^vQv. 

22. to TtegldeiTTvov] The funeral banquet. This was consid- 
ered as a religious ceremony, instituted to honor the memory 
of those whose loss was mourned, and to recall to the minds 
of the guests the remembrance of death. This custom still 
remains in Greece, as common as formerly. 

182 4. agsxrjg nal Irjpaxog,] Understood [isxct, and it signifies fight- 
ing with vigor and resolution. The word l^axog is substituted 
for dslfiaxog which is not so good. In adopting the latter, we 
should understand ivexa, and make this sense, fighting to pre- 
serve their warlike virtue, and to inspire terror in their enemies. 

11. enoQEv.] nothing can escape fate. This word is also 
written btxoqov with ol Ssol understood. Reiske, of his own 
accord, corrects by putting exsqov, and construes thus : xk s£egiv 
txsgov xl cpvyslv xtjv fxdlgav. 

26. xotg yey.] understood im, which some insert in the text. 
lo4 12. nQOTxsTxojxoxsg,] Having drunk, in a health to Philip, the 

destruction of Grecian liberty ; figuratively, for having sold or 
betrayed the public liberty to Philip. 

1 85 14. xui Xnnsg,'] We commonly find xul nollsg \nnsg, and Reiske 
encloses the word nollbg. But placing the word after, as I have 
done, the sense is so much more natural and simple, that it must 
have been placed before by the mistake of some transcriber. 

1 86 5. TlsQiv&ov ;] Instead of this word we find Ev6oiav, which 
many learned men consider as corrupt, and which Reiske 



296 NOTES. 

writes between brackets. It is conjectured that the proper 186 
word is that which I have here written, although it is not sup- 
ported by the authority of manuscripts. What Gail says in 
a note in favor of EvOoiav, does not appear to me convincing, 
and what is said by Demosthenes, p. 185, 1. 27, Ev6oiav ngo- 
OaXsa&aL, is a reason for not repeating the word here. 

15. dalfiovog Tivog] See Notes, p. 40. 1. 8. 

4. aya&oig] a word added upon authority. 1 " • 

9. anogavxa] preferable to the common ovx anoaxavza. 
14. {3aaxulveiv '] Before this word some add ngoelopsvov. 
19. si ;] It is also written ysyovag. *** 

26. eig ttjv imxt/xlav '] We might translate this by, to aspire 
after honorable places, or more at length, wealtli accumulated 
to enable him to Jill with honor those offices which involve great 
expenses. 

9. Tgayty.bg Oeoy.ghr]g.~[ tragedian Theocrines; who at first wrote 1"9 
pieces for the theatre ; but having soon left this employment for 
that of accuser, or rather calumniator, his name became a 
proverb, and a Theocrines was equivalent to a calumniator. 

2. ol diaovgovxsg] Reiske prefers o2 diiavgov [isv. 1 90 

11. ®ddw(dv, — rXocvxov] See Notes, p. 65, 1. 27, 28. 

16. oga (ii\ compare me. c Ogav, to see, is here synonymous 
with 7iaga6dlleLv, avyxglveiv, to compare. 

28. Mi] drjx,] Demosthenes terminates his speech as he be- 191 
gan it, by invoking the Gods with a confidence which nothing 
but a good conscience can give. There can be nothing more 
touching or more pathetic than this whole peroration. We 
may say that it is in every point according to the rules which 
rhetoricians give us, or rather that rhetoricians have drawn 
their rules from this masterpiece of eloquence. 

THE END. 



The two following, it is believed, are all that exist in the text : 
Page 43, line 23, for v^uv, read hpcov 

" 144, " 16, " Movvix'uvos, " MovvuxiZns 

In the notes, the following is the only one affecting the sense : 
Page 267 \ line 34, for to Demomeles, read to Demosthenes 






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